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Wu Qi was an ancient master who was a politician, military strategist, reformer and jurist.

He is a traitor to Confucianism, which is why he is vilified so badly.

Confucianism criticizes him for not returning home after his mother's death and for killing his wife to become a general, but this is not the final conclusion.

Sima Qian was influenced by Confucianism and did not like the three schools of thought, but he had to write a biography of Wu Qi together with Sun Wu and Sun Bin.

The historian Guo Moruo once said that Wu Qi is a figure who will never be forgotten in Chinese history.

"Wu Qi was born into a wealthy family in Wei State during the early Warring States Period."

"When I was young, I ran around looking for opportunities in politics and spent a lot of money."

"In the end, he lost everything he had and was not even offered a job, so he was ridiculed and mocked by his fellow villagers."

"Wu Qi killed those who mocked him, then fled Wei and went to Lu to study Confucianism under the tutelage of Zeng Shen, a great scholar."

"Before leaving, Wu Qi bit off a piece of flesh from his arm in front of his mother and vowed not to be a minister or to return to Wei."

"While studying, his mother died of illness. Wu Qi followed his vow and did not go back to mourn according to the Confucian creed of loyalty and filial piety."

"Zengzi despised this behavior and thought that he was unfilial and unworthy of being a Confucian disciple, so he severed the teacher-student relationship with him."

"Wu Qi, who was expelled from the Confucian school, continued to stay in Lu, gave up Confucianism, and began to study the art of war."

"In the 44th year of Duke Xuan of Qi, Qi sent troops to attack Lu."

"As a candidate for general, Wu Qi was recommended to the king of Lu, who wanted to make use of Wu Qi."

"But Wu Qi's wife was from Qi, and the Duke of Lu was suspicious of him and did not dare to use her easily."

"When Wu Qi, who was eager for fame, heard this, he killed his wife and told the Duke of Lu that he was not close to Qi. He was then appointed general."

"Wu Qi led the Lu army to attack Qi and defeated the Qi army."

"Wu Qi's success caused anxiety among Lu's officials and nobles, who slandered Wu Qi to the Duke of Lu, accusing him of being suspicious and cruel."

"The reason was that he killed more than 30 people in anger because he was ridiculed and mocked by his fellow villagers;"

"My mother died of illness, but I ignored my loyalty and filial piety and did not go home to attend the funeral;"

"In order to get the general, he brutally attacked his wife."

"The nobles of Lu also believed that if Wu Qi continued to be the general, it would offend Lu's brother state Wei, and that too great a victory would lead to other princes plotting against Lu."

"These remarks aroused the Duke of Lu's suspicion and fear of Wu Qi, so he declined Wu Qi's offer of an official position."

"At this time, Wu Qi heard that Duke Wen of Wei was a wise man, so he left Lu and went to Wei."

"When Wu Qi first entered the State of Wei, the King of Wei, Wei Wenhou, did not dare to trust him and asked Wei Xiangli Li Kui about Wu Qi."

"Li Kui believed that although Wu Qi was greedy for fame and liked beautiful women, when it came to leading troops in battle, even Sima Rangju was no match for him."

"In the 35th year of Wei Wenhou's reign, Wei Wenhou appointed Wu Qi as the chief general to attack the State of Qin and successively captured five cities of Qin."

"During the battle with the Qin army, Wu Qi never considered himself superior to the ordinary soldiers. He slept on the uneven ridges of the fields at night, covering his body with leaves to avoid the frost and dew."

"After occupying the Hexi area of ​​Qin, Wu Qi was recommended by Prime Minister Zhai Huang to be the governor of Xihe County to resist Qin and Han."

"During his tenure in the State of Wei, Wu Qi made many military achievements."

"In the 33rd year of Wei Wenhou's reign, Wu Qi led his army to capture Zheng, directly threatening Qin's Guanzhong region."

"From the thirty-fifth to the thirty-seventh year of Wei Wenhou, Wu Qi led his army to attack Qin. It took two years, and he captured Linjin and built cities in both places."

Zhang Liang: Wu Qi, known as the Asian Sage among Soldiers.

In the Battle of Yinjin, 5 Wei soldiers defeated 50 Qin soldiers. From then on, the Qin State did not dare to go east through Hangu Pass for decades.

Later he fled to the State of Chu to carry out reforms, conquered the Baiyue in the south and conquered the powerful Wei in the north. At the same time, Wu Qi established the Wuzu system in Wei.

Wu Qi's reforms in Chu frightened the other princes, and he also left behind a military book, which meant he was a comprehensive talent.

Wu Qi was a ruthless man. He was from Wei and was born in a wealthy family in the early Warring States Period.

However, in order to seek political development, he ran around looking for ways, spent a lot of money, went bankrupt, and still did not get any official position.

As a result, he was ridiculed by his friends and relatives, so Wu Qi killed 30 people in anger and escaped.

Before escaping, he swore to his mother that he would never return to Wei unless he became a prime minister.

From this we can see that Wu Qi was a person who was extremely obsessed with fame and fortune and was vindictive.

Wu Qi initially studied Confucianism under Zeng Shen, the son of Zeng Shen, a disciple of Confucius.

Zeng Shen and his father Zeng Dian were both students of Confucius. A few years later, Wu Qi's mother passed away, but he did not go back to fulfill his filial piety as required by Confucianism.

Zeng Shen felt that he was disloyal and unfilial and was not worthy of being his disciple, so he severed ties with him.

But Wu Qi did not go home because he had killed too many people in his hometown and could not go back.

Being abandoned by Confucianism, Wu Qi had no choice but to abandon Confucianism and learn military skills;

When he arrived in Lu, he was highly valued by Duke Yuan of Lu. When Qi attacked Lu, Wu Qi wanted to lead the troops to fight.

But his wife was from Qi, and Duke Yuan of Lu suspected him.

In order to advance his career, Wu Qi actually killed his wife in order to gain the complete trust of Duke Yuan of Lu.

When talking about Wu Qi, we have to mention Gongshu Zhuo. In 387 BC, Tian Wen, the prime minister of Wei, died, and Wei Wuhou promoted Gongshu Zhuo to be the prime minister and married him to a princess.

When Gongshu Zhuo was the prime minister, Wu Qi was the governor of Xihe County in Wei State and began to train Wei Wuzu.

The Wei Wuzu had to be selected from strong and healthy soldiers, wearing triple armor, holding a spear and sword, carrying a bow and crossbow, and carrying fifty arrows.

They also have to carry three days of rations, and the assessment standard is to walk a hundred miles in six hours, so their physical fitness must be amazing.

The selection of elite soldiers and generals has ensured the excellence of this army, and Wu Qi also hired coaches to conduct training.

Train the Wei Wuzu in individual combat skills, battle formations, formations and liaison command to ensure that the troops obey orders and act as easily as using one's arms.

In addition, the treatment was improved, and rewards and punishments were strictly enforced. There were severe punishments and even greater rewards. If one person made a contribution, the whole family would be rewarded.

The training and organizational ideas that were ahead of their time enabled the Wei Wuzu to quickly become an elite force unrivaled in the world.

In 289 BC, Duke Hui of Qin mobilized an army of to attack Yinjin, which was occupied by the State of Wei.

Wu Qi asked Wei Wuhou for permission to lead 50,000 well-equipped but not yet accomplished soldiers into battle.

Marquis Wu of Wei agreed and sent a hundred chariots and three thousand cavalry to assist in the battle.

The Qin army and the Wei army fought a fierce battle in Yinjin. Although the Wei army was small, they were highly motivated and well-equipped. Although the Qin army was large, most of them were simply armed peasants who were poorly trained and equipped.

The Wei Wuzu took the lead in attacking the Qin army. After repeated attacks, the Qin army was unable to resist the Wei army and was completely defeated. The Wei Wuzu created a brilliant record of defeating 500,000 Qin troops with one against ten.

He captured five cities, defended Xihe River, and protected the State of Wei, so that the Qin army dared not to move eastward.

At this time, Wu Qi had made great contributions and had a high prestige in the army. Gongshu was very afraid of Wu Qi and worried that Wu Qi would become the prime minister of Wei.

One of Gongshu Zhu's retainers told him that Wu Qi could be easily eliminated.

Wu Qi is a man of integrity, honesty and reputation. You can talk to Wei Wuhou first.

"In the 38th year of Wei Wenhou's reign, Wu Qi attacked Qin again, marched westward to Zhengyi, captured Luoyin, and continued to attack Zheng of Qin, where he built a city."

"At this time, the State of Wei completely occupied the Hexi region and established Xihe County. Wu Qi was appointed as the governor of Xihe County."

"From the 39th to the 42nd year of Wei Wenhou's reign, Wei sent Le Yang, Prince Ji and Wu Qi to jointly destroy Zhongshan State and seize a large area of ​​Rongdi land in the north of Hexi and set it up as Shangjun."

"In the seventh year of Wei Wuhou, Duke Hui of Qin sent out an army of 500,000 to attack Yinjin of Wei."

"Wu Qi led an army of 50,000 men, 500 chariots and 3,000 cavalrymen and defeated the Qin army."

"In the ninth year of Wei Wuhou's reign, Wuhou appointed Wu Qi as his general and led his army to attack Qi, and returned as far as Lingqiu."

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"In addition to his military exploits, Wu Qi also learned Confucianism from Confucius' disciple Zixia, who lived in Xihe at the time."

"He also reformed the military system of Wei, created the Wuzu system, and built Wucheng to resist the attack of Qin."

"In the fiftieth year of Wei Wenhou's reign, Wei Wenhou died. The next year, his son Wei Wuhou succeeded him and still appointed Wu Qi as the governor of Xihe County."

"During the reign of Wei Wuhou, after Wei Xiang Tian Wen died, the new Gongshu Zhuo was very wary of Wu Qi and wanted to drive him away."

"Gongshu Zhuo's servants suggested that Gongshu Zhuo persuade Wei Wuhou to use the method of marrying the princess to test Wu Qi. If Wu Qi agreed to marry the princess, it would mean that he intended to stay in Wei for a long time."

"That day, Gongshu Cuo invited the princess and Wu Qi to his house, and deliberately provoked the princess in front of Wu Qi. The princess got angry and ridiculed Gongsun Cuo on the spot."

"Wu Qi saw that the princess despised the prime minister of a country, so when Wei Wuhou proposed a marriage, he politely declined."

"Wei Wuhou therefore began to doubt Wu Qi and stopped using him."

"Wu Qi was afraid of a greater disaster, so he left Wei and went to Chu."

"In the twelfth year of King Dao of Chu, Wu Qi arrived in Chu. The King of Chu, Duke Dao of Chu, immediately appointed him as the governor of Wancheng."

"In the thirteenth year of King Dao of Chu, Wu Qi, who had served for a year, was promoted to Ling Yin and presided over the reform of Chu."

"Wu Qi carried out drastic reforms in Chu, from disciplining nobles and powerful officials, rectifying the administration of officials, to building a strong army, which enabled Chu to go from weakness to strength in a short period of time."

"After Wu Qi's reforms, Chu's national strength increased greatly. It attacked Baiyue in the south, annexed Chen and Cai in the north, and attacked Qin in the west, expanding Chu's territory to the Dongting Lake area. It also joined forces with Zhao to defeat the Wei army."

"The strength of Chu State caused concern among the other vassal states, who believed that Chu State's strength posed a new threat;"

"At the same time, his reforms also harmed the interests of the domestic nobles, aroused their resentment, and sowed the seeds of his own death."

"In the 21st year of King Dao of Chu, when the Chu army was winning, King Dao of Chu died, and the ministers of the royal family started a rebellion and attacked Wu Qi."

"Wu Qi fled to the place where the king's body was laid, and he lay on top of it. The pursuers took the opportunity to shoot Wu Qi with arrows."

"Wu Qi was shot dead, but the nobles were still not satisfied and dragged his body out and dismembered it."

"After King Dao was buried, the successor King Su of Chu ordered that all those who shot Wu Qi and King Dao's body be beheaded and buried with him. As a result, more than 70 royal relatives and nobles were exterminated."

Han Xin: Wu Qi is a wise man. Our Wei State is a small country at the marquis level and borders the powerful Qin State. I am afraid that Wu Qi does not want to stay in Wei State for a long time.

Wei Wuhou must have asked, what should we do then?

You can take this opportunity to tell Wei Wuhou that you can betroth a princess to Wu Qi. If he is willing to stay in Wei, he will certainly accept it. If he is not willing to stay in Wei, he will certainly decline. This way you can test his mind.

Then you can personally invite Wu Qi to your house and let the princess deliberately get angry and insult you.

When Wu Qi saw how the princess looked down on him, he thought that he would also be looked down upon, so he refused to accept the offer.

So Gongshu followed the plan, and Wu Qi really saw the princess insulting Gongshu and resigned from Wei Wuhou.

Wei Wuhou was suspicious of Wu Qi and no longer trusted him. Wu Qi had no choice but to leave Wei and go to Chu.

From then on, Gongshu Zhuo secured his position as prime minister.

Gongshu Zhuo was a person who cared relatively less about national interests and more about his own interests.

At this time, the leader of Chu was King Chu Dao, who had heard of Wu Qi's glorious history and admired him very much.

Follow me and work hard, I will not treat you unfairly. I hope you can restore the glory of Chu State to the state of Chu Zhuangwang.

King Dao of Chu ordered Wu Qi to guard Wancheng against Han and Wei.

A year later, he was promoted to Ling Yin, or prime minister, and Wu Qi finally realized his dream of becoming a prime minister.

The reward for King Dao of Chu was to formulate reform measures and preside over the reform. This was the famous Wu Qi Reform in history.

After Wu Qi's reforms, the national strength of Chu State became increasingly stronger, allowing King Dao of Chu to realize his ambition of expanding the territory.

However, Wu Qi's actions seriously infringed upon the interests of the Chu nobles. From the day of the reform, Wu Qi was hated by the Chu royal family and was put on the death list of the nobles.

But for Wu Qilai, he didn't care. He had the support of King Dao of Chu, and those who disliked him could only curse him behind his back.

But things are unpredictable. In 381 BC, the former Chu State sent troops to aid Zhao, and the two countries' coalition forces defeated the Wei army.

Just when the Chu army was winning a great victory, King Dao of Chu died.

When Wu Qi rushed to the funeral, the royal ministers of Chu State took the opportunity to shoot Wu Qi. Although Wu Qi had made preparations early on, he did not expect it to come so soon.

Before the body of King Dao of Chu had cooled down completely, those people gathered together to kill him.

Wu Qi did not surrender, but lay on the body of King Dao of Chu. When Wu Qi lay on the body of King Dao of Chu, he was also planning to take a gamble.

He bet that these old nobles of Chu would not dare to touch the body of the King of Chu, but he lost the bet.

Wu Qi never expected that his reforms had driven these old aristocrats crazy.

Although they knew that the State of Chu had a law that anyone who used beautiful soldiers to attack the king's corpse would be exterminated along with his entire clan, this group of old nobles had obviously been badly bullied and would rather be exterminated along with their entire clan than kill Wu Qi.

Soon, Wu Qi and the King of Chu were shot into hedgehogs in an instant.

The lives of scholars and officials in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period ended in such splendor: they did not return home after their mothers’ death, killed their wives to seek generalship, sucked out sores to protect their soldiers.

Wu Qi was slandered throughout the world throughout his life, but his achievements were unparalleled and he struggled for decades.

I am tired and old in Chu State. If you want to kill me, we will die together.

Because according to the laws of the Chu State, damaging a Chu corpse was considered treason.

When the newly appointed King Su of Chu saw this scene, he went berserk on the spot: Who shot him? Find out and kill them all. For this, seventy-four wealthy families of Chu were buried with Wu Qi. (End of this chapter)