The videos I watched became popular in ancient times

When Liu Rengui was young, his family was poor, and he was respectful and studious.

It happened to be the end of the Sui Dynasty, when the rule was brutal, the people were living in poverty, and peasant uprisings were frequent.

Despite this, whenever he had some free time from work, he would stretch out his fingers and write or draw in the air or on the ground to consolidate what he had learned.

Later, Liu Rengui became famous for his profound knowledge.

In the early years of Emperor Gaozu of Tang's Wude reign, Ren Gui, the ambassador of Henan Province, drafted a memorial to discuss state affairs. Liu Rengui revised the article for him and was appreciated. Rengui then appointed him as a military officer in Xizhou.

Soon after, he was transferred to be the lieutenant of Chencang County.

At that time, the commander of the army, Lu Ning, was arrogant and broke the law, and all the county officials in Chencang were unable to stop him.

After Liu Rengui took office, he specifically warned Lu Ning not to commit the same crime again, but Lu Ning remained as violent and tyrannical as before, so Liu Rengui beat him to death with a stick.

"In the autumn of the fourteenth year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong prepared to go hunting in Tongzhou."

"At that time, the autumn harvest had not yet ended, and Liu Rengui submitted a petition to dissuade the emperor from doing so. Emperor Taizong accepted the advice and issued an edict to commend him."

"Soon after, Liu Rengui was appointed as the magistrate of Xin'an County, and later became the Imperial Secretary."

"Liu Rengui was an honest and upright official, but he was disliked by the favored Zhongshu Shilang Li Yifu, and was demoted to the governor of Qingzhou after being ostracized and slandered by him."

"In the fifth year of Xianqing, Emperor Gaozong sent troops to attack Baekje. Liu Rengui, then governor of Qingzhou, was ordered to lead the navy, supervise sea transportation, and be responsible for logistical support."

"It was winter, and the weather was not suitable for going out to sea, but Li Yifu was eager for quick success and repeatedly urged Liu Rengui to transport supplies for the army."

"Liu Rengui repeatedly submitted petitions stating that it would be dangerous to go out to sea at this time, but Li Yifu simply did not listen."

"Under Li's repeated urging, Liu Rengui had no choice but to go out to sea. As a result, he encountered a strong wind, and the fleet was overturned by the waves, causing serious casualties among his men."

"The court sent the censor Yuan Yishi to interrogate Liu Rengui. Li Yifu not only shirked responsibility, but also added insult to injury."

"Emperor Gaozong thought it was reasonable and spared Liu Rengui's life. He only dismissed him from office and allowed him to serve in the army as a civilian."

"In the first year of Longshuo, Su Dingfang pacified Baekje. After the war, Liu Renyuan stayed to defend the city and was appointed as the Protector General. Together with Kim Intae, the youngest son of Silla King Kim Chunchu, he guarded the Baekje capital Sabi Castle."

"The Tang Dynasty established the Xiongjin Military Governor's Office in Baekje and appointed Wang Wendu, the General of the Left Guard, as the Xiongjin Military Governor."

"However, Wang Wendu died of illness while crossing the sea, and Baekje took the opportunity to raise an army to besiege Liu Renyuan, the Tang garrison commander. Emperor Gaozong then appointed Liu Rengui as the inspector of Daifangzhou to replace Wang Wendu as the commander of the army, and sent Silla troops to support him."

"After Liu Rengui was appointed governor of Fangzhou, he and the Silla army came to rescue Liu Renyuan, and repelled the Baekje army that was besieging them, and joined Liu Renyuan in the city."

"At that time, Su Dingfang had been besieging Pyongyang, the capital of Goguryeo, for a long time. However, due to unfavorable conditions and heavy snow, he withdrew from Pyongyang."

"Emperor Gaozong ordered Liu Rengui to lead his troops to Silla to discuss with Kim Beommin whether the Tang army should stay or go."

"When the time was right, Liu Rengui took the initiative and sent people to scout the military situation of Jinxiancheng, which was built by Buyeo Bok-sin."

"He then led the Silla army to attack Jinhyeon Castle at night, quietly climbed the walls, and broke into the city at dawn."

"Baekje King Buyeo Pung suspected that Guishi Bok-sin was vying for power and killed him."

"He also heard that the Tang army was approaching, so he quickly sent envoys to Wa and Goguryeo to ask for help."

"In the third year of Longshuo, the Japanese general Mao Ye Zhizi and others led 27,000 troops to attack Silla. The court ordered the Right Guard General Sun Renshi to lead his troops across the Bohai Sea to join forces with Liu Rengui and others. The morale of the Tang army was greatly boosted."

"According to the Tang army's divisions, Sun Renshi, Liu Renyuan and Silla King Kim Beommin led the land forces to advance, while Liu Rengui, Du Shuang and Buyeo Long led the navy to march along the Ungjin and Baekgang River to join the land forces."

"Rengui encountered the Japanese army at the mouth of the Baijiang River. The Tang army won four battles and burned 400 Japanese warships. For a time, "the smoke and flames rose to the sky and the sea turned red." The Japanese army was defeated."

"Fuyu Feng escaped and his sword was seized."

"Baekje princes Buyeo Chungseung and Buyeo Chungji led their troops, the Japanese army, and the Tamra envoys to surrender. Only the Imchun Castle occupied by the commander Chi Suxin has not been captured."

"Back then, when Su Dingfang destroyed Baekje, the commanders Shazha Xiangru and Heichi Changzhi gathered the defeated soldiers and used the strategic location to support Guishi Fuxin."

"After the Battle of Baekgang, the two surrendered to the Tang army."

"Liu Rengui showed his sincerity by letting them capture Rencun City to prove his sincerity, and also replenished their weapons and food supplies."

"Shazha Xiangru and others eventually conquered Rencun City, Chi Shouxin fled to Goguryeo alone, and the remaining forces of Baekje were completely wiped out."

"Sun Renshi and his men returned to the imperial court, and the imperial court ordered Liu Rengui to lead his troops to stay in Baekje."

"Baekje suffered two wars and its territory was severely damaged. Liu Rengui ordered to bury the dead and hold memorial ceremonies."

"He re-registered households, set up government offices, opened roads, built villages, repaired dams and ponds, provided relief to poor families, encouraged agricultural production, and built land temples for them, so that the people of Baekje could settle down."

"The defenders then cultivated the land and planned to pacify Goguryeo."

Su Shi: As a descendant of Liu Xiu, Liu Rengui came from a royal family.

However, when he was born, the Eastern Han Dynasty had been destroyed for hundreds of years, and the Liu family's royal status had lost its meaning.

Although his family was poor, they still adhered to the fine tradition of farming and studying.

Liu Rengui studied hard and became a learned and talented person.

With the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Rengui entered the official career with his knowledge.

He was known for his integrity, selflessness and fearlessness of power, and was highly appreciated by Li Shimin.

During the Zhenguan period, Liu Rengui had been working at the level of county magistrate, and was not a particularly important figure in the Tang Dynasty at that time.

He probably never imagined that one day in the future he would lead a great army and fight a war that would influence the history of East Asia for thousands of years.

However, in the 23rd year of Zhenguan, Liu Rengui was transferred to Qingzhou, Shandong to serve as governor, and it was this transfer that changed his destiny.

While serving as governor of Shandong, the Tang Dynasty decided to use military force against the Korean Peninsula.

Liu Rengui was drawn into this war and became an important commander of the Tang army.

However, he offended the prime minister Li Yifu, which led to his being demoted to a commoner.

Li Yifu also tried to kill Liu Rengui, but thanks to Li Zhi's intelligence, Liu Rengui was spared.

Later, Liu Rengui was sent to the Xiongjin Military Governor's Office as the governor, responsible for fighting against the Baekje Kingdom.

It was at this time that Liu Rengui became an important commander in the Tang Dynasty's war against Goguryeo.

Goguryeo was a regime with a long history and a powerful opponent for the Tang Dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty formulated a strategy of harassing Goguryeo year after year in order to weaken Goguryeo's strength.

Liu Rengui participated in many battles against Goguryeo and won important victories for the Tang Dynasty. The Battle of Baekgang was launched against this background.

Although the Japanese army outnumbered the Tang army several times, the Tang army still won the final victory.

This war not only completely defeated the Japanese navy, but also allowed Japan to witness the strength of the Tang Dynasty and submit to it.

This war had a profound impact on the history of East Asia for thousands of years. During the Tang Dynasty, the government did not publicize the Battle of Baekgang too much, nor did it regard it as an important historical event.

Later, with the development of history, the Tang Dynasty gradually declined, and the records and research on this war gradually decreased.

In addition, since modern times, historical consciousness and national identity have gradually been awakened, and attention to this period of history has also increased accordingly.

However, due to incomplete and controversial historical data, the importance and impact of this war have not been fully recognized.

"Liu Renyuan returned to the capital. Emperor Gaozong appreciated Liu Rengui and promoted him six levels out of the ordinary, officially appointing him as the governor of Daifang Prefecture. He also awarded him a house in Chang'an and gave him additional gifts to his family."

"Emperor Gaozong sent a special envoy to deliver a document with the imperial seal to commend Liu Rengui."

"During the Zhenguan and Yonghui years of Emperor Taizong, the imperial court sent special envoys to express condolences and pay tribute to the fallen soldiers, and some even passed on the official positions and titles bestowed upon them to their descendants."

"After Xianqing, rewards for soldiers who went to war almost ceased to exist."

“When it came to the pacification of Baekje and the siege of Pyongyang, those who had made contributions were not selected and appointed at all.”

"When the prefectures and counties recruited soldiers, people were reluctant to go to war. Those who were healthy and well-off could use their money to bribe the government officials and evade conscription."

"The people we recruited were weak, poor, and lacked the will to fight."

"Liu Rengui comprehensively discussed the drawbacks of rewarding soldiers without considering their merits, and asked the court to reward soldiers who went on the expedition in order to boost their morale."

"Liu Rengui also submitted a memorial suggesting that Buyeo Long be appointed to pacify the people of Baekje."

"Gojong agreed to his suggestion and appointed Buyeo Long as the governor of Ungjin."

"At that time, Liu Renyuan was appointed as the governor of Beilie Road. Emperor Gaozong ordered him to replace Liu Rengui in Baekje, and then the two returned to the country together."

"So he explained the interests to the court and asked to stay in Baekje."

"The Emperor agreed and therefore considered Liu Renyuan disloyal."

"In the second year of the Linde reign, when Emperor Gaozong went to Mount Tai to offer sacrifices to the gods, Liu Rengui led the chieftains of the four vassal states of Silla, Baekje, Danluo and Wa to Mount Tai to participate in the ceremony."

"Emperor Gaozong was very pleased and promoted Liu Rengui to be the Grand Censor and concurrently the Minister of State Affairs."

"In the third year of Qianfeng, Liu Rengui was appointed as the Deputy Ambassador of Liaodong Road, Deputy Chief of the Liaodong Road, Ambassador of Xiongjin Road, and Chief of the Peijiang Road."

"He first went to Silla in June to mobilize its troops to attack Goguryeo, and then went north to serve as the deputy of Li Ji, the prime minister, to assist him in conquering Goguryeo."

"In September of the same year, the Tang army marched straight into Pyongyang and captured it in one fell swoop."

"At this point, Goguryeo was completely pacified, and the Korean Peninsula was under the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty."

"In August of the first year of Xianheng, he was again appointed governor of Longzhou to prepare for the Tubo."

"In the third year of Xianheng, he was appointed as the Prince's Left Assistant and the Third Rank of the Secretariat, and was in charge of compiling the national history."

"In the fifth year of Xianheng, he served as the chief governor of Jilin Province and led an expedition to Silla."

"He led the Tang army across the Hulu River and captured the important city of Chichongcheng in Silla."

"He was promoted to Duke of Lecheng County for his meritorious service, and three of his sons and nephews were granted the title of Shangzhuguo, which made the village feel honored."

"In the second year of Shangyuan, he was appointed Shangshu Zuo Pushe, Tongzhongshu Menxia Sanpin, and also served as the Prince's guest. He continued to supervise the national history."

"In the second year of Yifeng, Tubo invaded. Liu Rengui was appointed as the ambassador to guard the Feihe Road to resist Tubo."

"In the second year of Yonglong's reign, he concurrently served as the crown prince's tutor. Not long after, he submitted a petition requesting retirement."

"Emperor Gaozong agreed to his resignation as Shangshu Zuo Pushe, but he continued to be in charge of government affairs as the crown prince's tutor."

"In the first year of Yongchun, Emperor Gaozong traveled to Luoyang, the eastern capital, and left Crown Prince Li Xian in Chang'an to handle military and political affairs, ordering Liu Rengui, Pei Yan, and Xue Yuanchao to assist the crown prince."

"In August of the following year, Li Xian was ordered to rush to Luoyang. Tangchang County Prince Li Chongfu took over as governor, and Liu Rengui was appointed as deputy governor."

"In 683 AD, after Emperor Gaozong of Tang passed away, Wu Zetian took over the government and reappointed Liu Rengui as Shangshu Zuo Pushe."

"In the first year of Empress Wu's Guangzhai reign, he was granted the title of Special Advancement, and was appointed Shangshu Zuo Pushe, specializing in the affairs of the Western Capital, and was further granted the title of County Duke."

"Liu Rengui declined the post on the grounds of old age and frailty, requesting to be relieved of his post."

"He also took the opportunity to recount the Western Han Dynasty's Empress Lü's chaotic rule and downfall, in order to express his satire and admonition to Wu Zetian."

"After Wu Zetian received the imperial edict, she sent her nephew Wu Chengsi to Changhe to comfort Liu Rengui."

"In the first year of Chuigong, I followed the new order and was appointed as the Left Prime Minister of Wenchang and the third rank of Fengge Luantai."

"He died on the twenty-second day of the first lunar month at the age of eighty-four."

"Wu Zetian suspended court for three days and ordered officials in Beijing to visit his home to pay tribute to him. She posthumously awarded him the title of Grand Commander of the Three Officials and the title of Grand Commander of Bingzhou, buried him in Qianling Mausoleum, and granted his family a fief of 300 households."

Xin Qiji: The Tang Dynasty was a glorious era in history and had a profound impact on the development of history.

The Battle of Baekgang, as a part of it, has an important historical position.

The victory of the Battle of Baekgang was due to Liu Rengui's wisdom and courage and the powerful strength of the Tang Dynasty, which also has far-reaching significance for our national security and development today.

We should learn from Liu Rengui's persistence and bravery, maintain the power of civilization, uphold justice, and have the courage to defend the interests of the country.

After the victory of the Tang army, Baekje's power to restore the country was completely weakened, and Japan's intervention was also repelled by the Tang Dynasty.

This war was a gamble for Japan. Victory would bring huge benefits, but failure would be a complete defeat.

The Tang Dynasty's victory not only consolidated its position on the Korean Peninsula, but also declared its powerful strength.

However, despite the great significance of this war to the Tang Dynasty, there are very few records of it in history books, and many people are not even aware of it.

This may be because at the time, Japan was not considered a worthy opponent, and the Tang Dynasty's main goal was to weaken Goguryeo's power and seize the strategic advantage behind it.

As continental civilization spread to Japan, Japan gradually entered the feudal era.

During the Sui Dynasty, Japan carried out the Taika Reform, which affected the interests of many old aristocrats and plunged Japan into internal strife.

However, when Baekje requested assistance, the Japanese government was busy resolving internal strife and had no time to send troops to support.

Baekje was eventually destroyed, the prestige of the Japanese imperial court was damaged, and the achievements of the Taika Reform were also criticized.

However, under pressure from Liu Rengui, the Baekje restoration faction once again asked for help.

After more than two years of preparation for sending troops, Japan sent more than 30,000 elite troops to support Baekje.

This war was a gamble for Japan. Victory would bring huge benefits, but failure would be a complete defeat.

In the Battle of Baijiangkou, Liu Rengui led the Tang army and the Silla coalition to defeat the Japanese army and forced it to withdraw to the country. (End of this chapter)