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Bayan was a military strategist of the Yuan Dynasty, a member of the Mongolian Balin clan, and a founding hero of the Mongol Empire.

His great-grandfather Shirgu'etu was originally a vassal of the Taiyichiwu tribe, and later a vassal of Genghis Khan.

His grandfather Alahei and great-uncle Naya'a were both founding fathers of Genghis Khan, serving as the head of a thousand households and the head of ten thousand households in the central government respectively.

His father Xiaogutai and he himself were subjects of the family of Tolui, the youngest son of Genghis Khan, and grew up in the Ilkhanate.

He is known for his profound knowledge and good judgment, and his faith and teachings are warm and sincere.

"In 1253, he followed Hulagu on his expedition to the West."

"In 1265, he was sent by Ilkhan Hulagu to the Great Khan's court to report on state affairs. He was highly appreciated by Kublai Khan and was retained as a courtier to assist him in state affairs."

"In the second year of Zhiyuan, he was appointed as the left prime minister of the Secretariat, and later moved to the right prime minister of the Secretariat."

"In the seventh year, he was appointed as the co-director of the Privy Council."

"In 1273, Kublai Khan appointed him as the supreme commander of the army that invaded the Song Dynasty."

"In the eleventh year, he was reappointed as the left prime minister, and the army was divided into three routes to attack the Song Dynasty. Together with Ashu, he led the central route, captured Ezhou, Hanyang and other places, and marched eastward along the Yangtze River. The following year, he captured Huangzhou, Qizhou, Jiangzhou, Anqing, Chizhou and other places, and defeated the army of Song Prime Minister Jia Sidao at Dingjiazhou. He captured Taipingzhou and Chuzhou, and went down to Jiankang. He was soon promoted to the right prime minister of the Secretariat."

"In November, the troops were divided into three routes and marched into Lin'an. The Right Prime Minister Atahai took the middle route and controlled the troops to advance together."

"In the thirteenth year, they captured Lin'an, captured the Emperor of Song, Empress Dowager Xie and others and brought them back north, and took over 37 prefectures, 128 states and more than 700 counties in Song territory."

"In the fourteenth year, the prince Xiliji and others rebelled and captured the prince of Beiping, Namhan, and attacked Karakorum from Alimali to the east. I was ordered to lead the army northward and defeated the rebels at the Orkhan River."

"In the eighteenth year, I followed the Crown Prince Zhenjin to pacify the army in Mobei, and gave Yi Tengzhou, 4,000 Maru and more than 100 households, as my fief."

"In the twenty-second year, Daizong Wang Azhiji led his army to the northwest."

"In the 24th year, I followed Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty to suppress the rebellion of Wang Naiyan."

"In the 26th year, he was appointed as the head of the Privy Council, and was assigned to the Helin branch."

"In the 29th year, he persuaded the rebel king Mingli Temur to surrender and repeatedly defeated the rebels in Haidu."

"Because of the slander of court officials, he was dismissed from his post and lived in Datong."

"In the 31st year, Emperor Taizu died, and Temur ascended the throne under the imperial order, and was appointed as the head of the Privy Council again."

"He died of illness in December of the same year, and in the eighth year of Dade, he was posthumously named King of Huai'an."

"In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty, Boyan was appointed by Hulagu to report to the Great Khan. His demeanor and talent were highly appreciated and valued by Emperor Taizu, so he was retained in the Yuan court as a courtier to help him with state affairs."

"In the second year, he was appointed as the Left Prime Minister of the Secretariat, and later moved to the position of Co-director of the Privy Council, becoming a core member of the Yuan court's decision-making body."

"In the first month of the eleventh year, after the Southern Song's military stronghold Xiangyang was taken, Emperor Taizu considered the strategy and candidates to take advantage of the victory to pacify the Song Dynasty. The old minister Shi Tianze proposed it, and Emperor Taizu decisively chose Boyan to take on this important task."

"In March, the two Privy Councils in Jinghu and Huaixi, the front lines of the Song-Yuan war, were changed to the Second Secretariat."

"Bo Yan and Shi Tianze were both appointed as the left prime ministers, and jointly took charge of the affairs of Jinghu Province."

"Soon after, according to Shi Tianze's suggestion, in order to unify the command, the Huaixi Province was changed to the Xingyuan, and Shi Tianze himself resigned due to old age and illness and returned to the north."

"So Bayan was appointed to command all the troops attacking the Song and Yuan armies except those in Sichuan and Huaidong."

"In July, when the emperor was leaving for the war, Emperor Taizu personally instructed Boyan to follow the example of Cao Bin, the great general who pacified the south of the Yangtze River in the early Song Dynasty, and not to kill people indiscriminately in order to win the hearts of the people of the Song Dynasty."

"In September, Bayan arrived in Xiangyang and joined the generals in the front, Ashu and Ali Haiya."

"According to Mongolia's combat practices, the Yuan army advanced in three directions, all with the aim of distracting the Song army and supporting and coordinating the main battle."

"Bo Yan himself and Ashu led an army of 200,000 including infantry, cavalry, artillery and navy to advance southeastward along the Han River."

"The Yuan army first headed for Yingzhou in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River, but encountered heavy rain and floods along the way, making the march difficult."

"When the army arrived at Yingzhou, the Song people built two cities, old and new, on both sides of the Han River."

"The Yuan army sent troops to attack the city, but they were repelled by the Song defender Zhang Shijie."

"At this time, Bayan learned that there was a stream called Tenghu Lake near Huangjiawanbao downstream, which was only a few miles from the river. Boats could be towed into the lake and then into the Han River."

"Boyan knew the urgency of military operations. The purpose of the Yuan army's expedition was to destroy the Song Dynasty, not to gain or lose a city or a place. Since Yingzhou could not be taken overnight, in order to save time and seize the opportunity, he resolutely decided to abandon Yingzhou and send troops to attack Huangjiawan Fort, successfully crossing the first barrier to entering the Song Dynasty."

Chen Yuanyuan: The Song army from Yingzhou came to pursue, and Boyan personally guarded the rear, killed the Song general with his own hands, and led his troops to defeat the pursuing troops.

In October, the Yuan army passed through Shayang and Xincheng, where Song garrison commanders Wang Huchen and Bian Juyi put up a tenacious resistance.

General Bayan launched a fierce attack, captured two cities in succession, and continued to advance deep into Song territory.

In November, the governor of Fuzhou of Song surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty, and Boyan ordered his generals not to enter the city to disturb the people. In the second half of the month, the army arrived at Caidian. Boyan went to observe the situation in Hankou and saw that the enemy army had deployed defenses tightly along the river. The Song general Xia Gui led 10,000 warships to occupy key points. The city defense of Yangluo Fort at the ferry north of the river was strong, and there were also Song guerrilla troops guarding the middle of the river.

In response to this situation, Bayan first besieged Hanyang and threatened to cross the river from Hankou in order to attract Xia Gui to move his troops to support him.

At that time, the generals requested to cross the river from Shawukou and seize the Song army's warships on the south bank.

Boyan refused and ordered the preparation of siege equipment to capture Yangluo Fort, a strategic pass in the north of the Yangtze River.

The Song army defending the fort fought hard, and the Yuan army attacked for three days without success, and the battle was in a stalemate.

Boyan held a secret meeting with his most trusted deputy Ashu, and they both agreed to take advantage of the fierce battle in Yangluo Fort.

After the plan was completed, Bayan sent Alihaya to supervise Zhang Hongfan and others to attack Wuji Fort to attract the attention of the Song people. At the same time, Ashu led Yan Che'er and others to go upstream for 40 miles to the west and anchored at Qingshanji. Ashu's army took advantage of the snowy night to cross the natural barrier, seized the sandbar on the south bank of the barrier, and built a floating bridge. Bayan was overjoyed when he received the news, and quickly led his troops to capture Yangluo Fort.

The navy commanded by Alihaya also fought a fierce battle with the navy of Song general Xia Gui in the river, and the Song army was defeated.

In this battle, hundreds of thousands of Song troops were almost all killed or wounded.

More importantly, the breakthrough in the river defense meant that the Southern Song Dynasty lost a natural barrier, which shook the areas along the river and caused dozens of cities behind it to fall into the hands of the Yuan army without a fight.

After the great victory at Yangluo, Bayan adopted the advice of his deputy Ashu and decided to first take over nearby E and Han to "be on the safe side" and consolidate the results of the battle, and then expand to Qi, Huang and other places in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

The Yuan army approached Ezhou and set fire to thousands of Song army's warships. The flames shot up to the sky. The Southern Song defenders in Ezhou, Hanyang and Deyang were frightened by the Yuan army's prestige.

Bayan arranged the military and civilian affairs of the newly annexed cities, replenished the military pay on the spot, and left the right prime minister Alihaya with 40,000 soldiers to garrison Ezhou in order to further seize the unconquered areas of Jinghu. He himself and Ashu led the main force along the Yangtze River.

From the occupation of Ezhou to February of the twelfth year of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yuan army had smooth sailing along the way without encountering any resistance, and occupied Chizhou in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River without bloodshed.

Cities along the river, including Huangzhou, Qizhou, Jiangzhou, Nankang, and Anqing, surrendered one after another.

In order to save the fate of destruction, the Southern Song court sent its Prime Minister Jia Sidao to command an army of 130,000 troops and 2,500 warships across the river, and deployed defenses in the Wuhu area in a posture of decisive battle, in an attempt to stop the Yuan army from continuing to advance eastward.

Jia Sidao first sent an envoy to write to Boyan, repeating his old trick, offering to pay annual tribute in exchange for the Yuan army's withdrawal to the north. Boyan flatly rejected the Song request and ordered Jia Sidao to come to negotiate in person.

The peace talks failed, and the Song and Yuan armies encountered each other at Dingjiazhou, where a fierce battle broke out.

Faced with the overwhelming attack, the Song army was overwhelmed in momentum, and its commander Xia Gui fled first.

Under the command of Bayan, the Yuan army pursued the enemy for a hundred and fifty miles.

"Countless Song soldiers were drowned, and the water turned red. Other things such as warships, military supplies, weapons, maps, books and seals were also seized by the Yuan army."

"This battle, like the Battle of Yangluo, dealt a heavy blow to the main force of the Song army. The Southern Song Dynasty basically lost its ability to fight back. It also laid the foundation for the Yuan Dynasty to destroy the Song Dynasty and cleared the way for the Yuan army to march straight to Lin'an."

"After the battle of Dingjiazhou, the officials guarding the Southern Song counties in Jiangdong and Huaixi, such as Taiping, Wuwei, Zhenchao, Hezhou, Liyang, Zhenjiang, Jiangyin, and Ningguo, either fled or surrendered because of the might of the Yuan army."

"In addition to sending troops to plunder Jiangxi, the main force of the Yuan army, led by Boyan and led by Dong Wenbing, drove straight down and successfully entered Jiankang, an important town in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River."

"In March, the imperial envoy Lian Xixian went south to deliver the imperial edict."

"Bo Yan was ordered to station at Jiankang with the Executive Secretariat, and made some adjustments to the deployment, with Atahai and Dong Wenbing, formerly from the Huaixi Executive Privy Council, stationed at Zhenjiang, while Ashu sent troops north to attack Yangzhou, in preparation for the next move.

"At that time, an epidemic broke out in Jiangdong, and the residents were short of food."

"Boyan ordered the opening of warehouses to provide relief for the famine and dispatched doctors to treat the sick, thus calming the society and the people's hearts."

"But in fact, the Yuan army slowed down its offensive and temporarily shifted its focus to other areas."

"In May, Bayan was promoted to the above post. When he passed through Zhenjiang, he summoned his generals to discuss matters. When he arrived in Shangdu, he met with Emperor Taizu and persuaded him to allow the Yuan army to continue its attack on Lin'an."

"In August, after Bayan was promoted to the position of Right Prime Minister, he returned south with a letter of surrender to the Song Dynasty and ordered the Yuan army under the command of Marshal Boluhuan of the Eastern Huai River to "advance along the Huai River."

"In September, Bayan commanded the Yuan army in Huaidong to attack Huai'an City and capture its southern fortress."

"In October, the Yuan army surrounded Yangzhou. Bayan summoned the generals to "instruct them on strategies" and deployed Boluhuan and others to guard the Wantou Castle."

"In the same month, he arrived in Zhenjiang, abolished the Privy Council, and appointed Atahai and Dong Wenbing to co-manage the provincial government."

"Obviously, the Yuan army's actions at this stage focused on the north of the Yangtze River, with the aim of eliminating the threat posed by the Song army in the Huaidong area to the Yuan army's flank."

"In November, the Yuan army resumed its offensive against Lin'an."

"Boyan decided to advance in three directions and finally meet in Lin'an."

"The right wing army was led by the Vice Minister Alahan, who led the infantry and cavalry from Jiankang to Lishui and Guangde, took Dusong Pass, attacked Lin'an from the west, and cut off the Song Dynasty's escape route to the interior."

"The left route was led by Vice Minister Dong Wenbing, who led a fleet from Jiangyin, out of the Yangtze River estuary, along the coastline, into Hangzhou Bay, and blocked the Song Dynasty's escape route via the sea route."

"Boyan and the right chancellor Atahai led the troops to attack Lin'an from Changzhou, Pingjiang and Jiaxing in the middle of the road."

"Bo Yan and his central army first arrived at Changzhou. The city had surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty, but later returned to the Song Dynasty. They elected Yao Chen as the city defender and resolutely resisted the attack of the Yuan army."

"Boyan failed to persuade the enemy to surrender, so he personally led the battle and attacked the city."

"The Song army came to rescue twice but was defeated each time. Changzhou held out for two days before it was lost and the Yuan army massacred the city."

"After that, the Yuan army encountered no effective resistance in Wuxi, Pingjiang, Jiaxing, Huzhou and other places."

"In December, Boyan led his army to Wuxi, where he met Liu Yue, a Song envoy."

"Liu, as Song Duzong had just passed away, begged the Yuan army to withdraw and expressed his willingness to pay tribute every year to maintain peace."

"Bo Yan claimed that the Yuan army's killing was because the Song army had detained the Yuan envoy Hao Jing for a long time and they were calling for punishment. In addition, the Song generals killed the Yuan envoy Lian Xixian on the way this year."

"If you want the Yuan army to stop advancing, the Song court must surrender."

"It completely destroyed the Song people's hope of surviving in peace."

"When Boyan's army arrived in Pingjiang, the Song court once again sent Shangshu Xia Shilin and others to beg for peace, saying that as long as the Yuan army left a way out for the Song court, the Song emperor was willing to respect the Yuan emperor as his uncle."

"And the annual tribute is 250,000 taels of silver and 250,000 pieces of silk."

Li Shishi: Boyan ignored it and sent people to drive the Song envoy back to Lin'an to urge surrender.

In the first month of the thirteenth year, the Yuan army advanced to Gaoting Mountain near Lin'an. The Southern Song royal family had no choice but to send the Lin'an prefect and clan members to present the imperial seal and a letter of surrender to Bayan's army to ask for surrender.

At that time, Empress Dowager Xie and the young emperor Zhao Shang of the Song Dynasty remained in the Lin'an Palace, while the prime ministers Chen Yi Zhong, Zhang Shijie and others supported the Song emperor's brothers, Prince Yi Zhao and Prince Guang Zhao, and fled south.

Bayan urgently dispatched Alahan, Dong Wenbing and others to guard the key points to prevent the Song royal family from escaping again, and sent another elite force to hunt down the two kings Yi and Guang, but they failed to catch up and returned.

Bayan made proper arrangements for the surrender of the Southern Song royal family.

In order to maintain the normal social order in Lin'an, he stationed his army in the nearby Huzhou and strictly prohibited soldiers from entering the city to disturb the people. He only sent former Song generals who surrendered to Lin'an with yellow notices to comfort the soldiers and civilians inside and outside Lin'an, so that they could "remain safe as before."

He brought his close entourage to inspect Lin'an and observe the situation. He then sent troops to "garrison at key points" to protect the palaces and tombs of the Song Dynasty.

He ordered important officials to enter the city to register the amount of money and grain of the military and civilians, inspect the warehouses, collect imperial edicts and seals, dismiss the Song government, reorganize the Song army in the three yamen and other departments, and at the same time send newly surrendered officials to Huguang and Sichuan to recruit officials from the prefectures and counties that had not yet surrendered.

The entire surrender and handover process was orderly, avoiding the destruction and devastation that often occurs during changes of dynasties.

In February, Emperor Shao of Song led all civil and military officials to the north to pay tribute and submit a letter of surrender.

In March, Bayan officially entered Lin'an and confiscated the Song Dynasty's ritual and sacrificial vessels, imperial books, ceremonial objects, and books.

He left Alahan and Dong Wenbing in charge of provincial affairs and continued to govern Fujian and Guangdong, while he escorted the emperor and his ministers of the Song Dynasty to the north to pay homage to the emperor.

After pacifying the Song Dynasty and returning to the capital, Emperor Taizu trusted him even more and once personally instructed Crown Prince Zhenjin.

Therefore, after the fall of the Song Dynasty, when the northern kings rebelled from time to time and threatened the security of the Yuan Dynasty, Boyan took on the important task of guarding the northern border.

In the 14th year of the Zhiyuan period, border alarms were reported repeatedly in the northern desert, with urgent reports that the kings Xiliji had kidnapped the King of Beiping Namhan and the right prime minister Antong, "forcing the princes to rebel."

Kublai Khan ordered Bayan to lead his troops to the north, stationed in Karakorum, and command all the troops to quell the rebellion.

That autumn, Bayan led his troops and met the rebels at the Oluhuan River.

The two armies faced each other across the water for a whole day. Bayan ordered his subordinates to raise horses and prepare food to confuse the enemy, and the enemy fell into the trap and became lax.

Bayan caught the enemy by surprise, divided his army into two, and outflanked the enemy, defeating them severely. Xiliji was defeated from then on.

In the eighteenth year, Prince Zhenjin of Yan followed his father's order to inspect the northern border, and Boyan was assigned to accompany him. He discussed the affairs of the world with the prince every day and served as his advisor.

Zhenjin also treated him with respect. In fact, Boyan used his rich experience in military management to help the prince hone his abilities in practice. (End of this chapter)