The videos I watched became popular in ancient times

In the first year of the Tianli reign of Emperor Wenzong of Yuan Dynasty, there was a deafening cry in Baoding Prefecture. The Yuan army in Dadu, which had fallen into a state of madness, killed everyone they saw. The five brothers of the Zhang family, led by General Dingyuan Zhang Jingwu, all died tragically under the butcher's knife.

The cause of the incident was that after the death of Emperor Taiding of Yuan Dynasty, no clear successor was designated, so the Dadu faction and the Shangdu faction each established an emperor, and the two factions attacked each other, which is known in history as the Dispute of the Two Capitals.

At first, the Shangdu faction had the upper hand. After the Dadu army was defeated in the Battle of Zijing Pass, they fled to Baoding Prefecture where the Zhang family was located. The defeated soldiers robbed civilians and killed people at will along the way. General Zhang Jingwu of Dingyuan led his hometown militia to chase the defeated soldiers with sticks, and hundreds of people were beaten to death.

But later the situation reversed, and the Dadu faction eventually defeated the Shangdu faction and seized power. The victorious Dadu army decided to take revenge on the Zhang family of Baoding Prefecture who had beaten them with sticks, and the scene at the beginning of the article appeared.

The biggest victim of this tragedy, General Dingyuan Zhang Jingwu, was the son of Duke Cai Zhang Gui, whose father was the famous Zhang Hongfan, the first person to destroy the Song Dynasty.

"Zhang Hongfan's father was Zhang Rou, a famous general in the late Jin and early Yuan dynasties. His family had been farming in the Hebei region ruled by the Jin dynasty for generations."

"Zhang Rou once led local men to subdue bandits, and was favored by Jin Dynasty general Miao Daorun and was appointed as a general."

"In the 13th year of Yuan Taizu's reign, Zhang Rou led the Jin army to fight against the Mongolian army at Langya Ridge. After being defeated, he surrendered to Mongolia and was appointed as the commander of a thousand troops and the commander of Baozhou. Later, he followed Yuan Ruizong Tolui to attack Bianjing and Runan of the Jin Dynasty. He was awarded the Golden Tiger Talisman and the title of "Ten Thousand Households of Soldiers and Civilians" by Yuan Taizong Ogedei."

"Zhang Hongfan was born in the tenth year of Emperor Taizong of the Yuan Dynasty. At that time, Zhang Rou had become a leader of the Han army. The following year, the Yuan court placed more than 30 cities in Henan under his jurisdiction."

"When Zhang Hongfan was 20 years old, his elder brother Zhang Honglue went to Shouyang, the temporary capital, to submit a document to his superiors, reporting on the local governance situation, and left Zhang Hongfan in charge of Shuntian Road. Because Zhang Hongfan acted decisively, he was deeply trusted and loved by the local people."

"At that time, Mongolian soldiers often bullied local people. Zhang Hongfan punished the offenders with a stick and expelled them. After that, no Mongolians committed crimes within his jurisdiction."

"In the first year of Zhongtong, Zhang Hongfan was appointed as the chief of the Imperial Bureau."

"In the third year of Zhongtong, he was changed to the commander-in-chief of the army and followed Prince Borjigin Bochuo and his father Zhang Rou to Jinan to fight against the traitor Li Zhuo."

"Zhang Rou warned him that when the army set up camp around the city, the commander would consider the strategic location. If the enemy invaded, he would definitely come back to rescue, so he could take this opportunity to make a contribution."

"Zhang Hongfan followed his father's advice and set up camp in the west of the city, built a long fortress, hid his soldiers inside, ordered his soldiers to dig deep trenches at night, and opened the east gate to wait for the enemy to attack."

"As expected, Li Zhuo built a bridge to attack the camp the next day. All the troops were trapped in the trenches. When the soldiers climbed from the trenches to the main gate of the camp, the ambush troops arranged by Zhang Hongfan attacked and defeated Li Zhuo's army, and captured two enemy generals."

"In the third year of Zhongtong, the rulers of the Mongolian regime believed that Li Zhuo was causing chaos because he controlled too much power over soldiers and civilians, so they began to dismiss the sons of the vassal army from their posts, and Zhang Hongfan was also dismissed for this reason."

"In the first year of the Zhiyuan period, Zhang Honglue was transferred to the capital to serve as a guard. Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, recognized Zhang Hongfan's meritorious service in the battle of Jinan and awarded him the Golden Tiger Talisman. He replaced his brother as the chief administrator of Tianshun Road, and later transferred him to Daming."

"In the second year of the Zhiyuan period, a severe flood occurred in the Daming area. The floods were so severe that the people had no homes and the farmers had no harvest."

"Zhang Hongfan then exempted the local area from taxes. The court punished him for his arbitrary use of power."

"Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty thought that Zhang Hongfan was sensible and did not pursue his crime any further."

"But Zhang Hongfan's career was not smooth sailing. In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Hongfan was dismissed from office again."

"Then he claimed that it was Darughachi Xi'ailu who gave the task of managing the inventory to the wrong person, and Zhang Hongfan's defense not only failed to save Xi'ailu, but also caused him to be dismissed from office because of his joint signature."

"From then on, Zhang Hongfan lived a short and carefree life of poetry and wine, not caring about power."

"In the sixth year of the Zhiyuan period, the Mongolian regime gathered troops from all directions and surrounded Xiangyang, an important city of the Southern Song Dynasty."

"At this time, Zhang Hongfan had been granted the title of 10,000-man army commander in Yidu, Zibo, Lai and other routes, and was given the golden tiger seal again. He was responsible for leading the brave and difficult-to-subdue former troops of Li Zhuo and camped at Lumen Fort."

"Zhang Hongfan believed that Xiangyang was connected to Jiangling and other places in the south. When the river was high tide, merchants, soldiers and food and fodder would flow into the city in an endless stream, and the Mongolian army could not take care of them. So he proposed to build a city at Wanshan to cut off the passage to the west, and set up a fence at Guanzitan to cut off the passage to the east, thus cutting off the supply of the Song army."

"The Mongolian army headquarters adopted his plan and ordered Zhang Hongfan to guard Wanshan Fort."

"When fighting the Song army, the soldiers around Zhang Hongfan thought that the Mongolian army was outnumbered and were unwilling to attack. Zhang Hongfan put on his armor and mounted his horse, personally led the army to attack, and the Song army was defeated."

"The Battle of Wanshan blocked the Song army's rescue of Xiangyang, and the situation in Xiangyang became increasingly critical."

"In the eighth year of the Zhiyuan period, Zhang Hongfan led his army to build a city in the shape of a square between Xiangyang and Fancheng, blocking the joint defense between the armies of the two cities and breaking through the outer city walls of Fancheng."

"In the ninth year of Zhiyuan, before the formal attack on Fancheng, Zhang Hongfan believed that Xiangyang and Fancheng could communicate with each other. If Xiangyang sent troops to support the Mongolian army when attacking Fancheng, it would be bad. So the best way was to cut off the waterway, cut off Fancheng's reinforcements, and attack Fancheng by land and water, so that Fancheng would fall without a fight."

"Ashu quickly adopted Zhang Hongfan's suggestion and burned the floating bridge connecting Fancheng and Xiangyang. Under the leadership of Ali Haiya, the Mongolian army attacked Fancheng with Huihui cannons, and Fancheng was broken."

"Afterwards, Xiangyang garrison commander Lü Wenhuan accepted the Mongol general Ali Haiya's persuasion to surrender, and accompanied by Zhang Hongfan, he and his entire army accepted the Yuan court's brocade clothes, platinum, precious saddles and other rewards."

"In the 11th year of the Zhiyuan period, the Yuan court sent Zhang Hongfan as the vanguard, accompanying Prime Minister Bayan to march south from the Han River to attack the Song Dynasty."

Su Shi: As the rulers of the Later Jin Dynasty ceded the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun to the Khitans, the local Han people once again faced such an embarrassing situation.

The so-called orthodox Han regime is still there, but it no longer cares about itself. They have to learn to deal with the Hu regime.

For the Han people in the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun who were the first to become wandering ghosts, they had two even more embarrassing points.

First, the Central Plains dynasty quickly integrated after they were sold, and the newly established Song Dynasty had unified all Han areas.

Second, the Han people in the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun were too weak to overthrow the rule of the Khitans.

While the abandoned Han people were forced to learn how to deal with the Hu regime, the rulers of the Hu regime, whose main ethnic group was small in number, also had to try to deal with the Han people under their rule.

After several rounds of adjustments, the Han people in the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun and the Khitan rulers of the Liao Dynasty basically reached a tacit understanding.

We complement each other and also watch out for each other. In short, we have to get by with life.

During the Jin Dynasty's war to conquer the Liao Dynasty, the Song army wanted to take the opportunity to march north to recover the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun.

However, the local Han people did not welcome the royal army with tears. Instead, they shared the same hatred with the Khitans and fought a desperate battle with the Song army.

After the Jurchens who destroyed the Liao Kingdom unexpectedly gained a great advantage and took over the entire north, they had to start learning how to deal with the Han people, but their principles were relatively simple and crude.

The Han people are only responsible for farming, and the main force of the army must be the Jurchens.

After the Song-Jin War gradually subsided, many members of the Han ethnic groups had already taken control of the region's economic lifeline by owning land. In terms of personnel, these descendants of the ethnic groups could also enter the Jin Dynasty's power system, and some even achieved very high positions.

In this way, the Han ethnic group initially achieved economic independence in the Jin Dynasty, and political independence could be considered half completed, except for the military. However, as long as the Jin rulers were not stupid, they would not hand over the sword to the Han people who outnumbered them. However, sometimes, some things were beyond their control.

"Zhang Hongfan led the troops of the left wing and followed the Han River to capture Yingxi and Wuji Fort."

"As for the Song army, Prime Minister Jia Sidao led the army in Wuhu to block the Yuan army from advancing southward, and the palace commander Sun Huchen stationed his troops in Dingjiazhou."

"After the Yuan army crossed the river southward, Zhang Hongfan led the army to fight against them. The follow-up army continued to attack the Song army along Zhang Hongfan's route, and the Song army was defeated all the way."

"Under the leadership of Zhang Hongfan, the Yuan army marched all the way to Jiankang."

"The Yuan Emperor sent an envoy to Boyan, warning him not to underestimate the enemy and not to rush in, and that it was the height of summer, so he could stop the army and rest."

"Boyan followed his plan and went to the capital to inform Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty of the military situation, and then marched in accordance with the emperor's order."

"In the 13th year of the Zhiyuan Period, he followed the Southern Expedition Marshal Wuliangha Ashu to fight against the Song navy led by Zhang Shijie and Sun Huchen at Jiaoshan. Zhang Hongfan led his troops to charge into the battle line, defeated the Song army, captured 80 warships, and captured 1,000 people."

"In the same year, Zhang Hongfan followed Dong Wenbing to join Boyan's army by sea and arrived at the suburbs of Lin'an City where Song Gongzong Zhao was located."

"Song Gongzong submitted a letter of surrender, in which he referred to himself and Yuan Shizu as uncle and nephew."

"Boyan ordered Zhang Hongfan to enter the city. Zhang listed the crimes of the Song emperor in detail, explained that the Song dynasty was finished, and persuaded Song Gongzong to change his surrender and become a servant of Yuan Shizu."

"In March, Boyan led his army into Lin'an, and the Song royal family was escorted to Yuan Dadu."

"In the same year, people in many places were unwilling to surrender with the Song court, and a rebellion broke out in Taizhou, Zhejiang. Zhang Hongfan sent people to persuade them to surrender, but the garrison commander killed the envoy and burned the books. After Zhang Hongfan led his army to capture Taizhou, his generals requested to massacre the city according to the old Mongolian custom, but Zhang refused and only executed the garrison commander. The people of Taizhou were very grateful to him."

"After the Yuan army returned, Zhang Hongfan was appointed as the general of the state and the envoy of Jiangdong Road."

"In the 15th year of Zhiyuan, Song officials Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie established Zhao Bing, the third son of Song Duzong and Prince of Guang, as emperor in Yuzhou, and changed the reign title to Xiangxing. The military and civilians in Fujian and Guangdong responded."

"Zhang Hongfan came to the court to ask for the title of Marshal of the Mongolian and Han armies."

"Emperor Shizu personally gave Zhang Hongfan a brocade robe and a jade belt, but Zhang refused to accept them and only asked for a sword and armor. Emperor Shizu gave him the following words:"

"This sword is given to you. Anyone who disobeys my orders can be put to death with this sword."

"Zhang Hongfan appointed Li Heng as his deputy general and his brother Zhang Hongzheng as the vanguard. He selected 20,000 officers and soldiers from Yangzhou and marched south."

"The Yuan army won victory after victory, successively capturing Sanjiang Village, Zhangzhou, and Baopu Village, and the Song army in many counties and cities along the coast surrendered."

"Song Dynasty Prime Minister Wen Tianxiang and Minister of Rites Deng Guangjian were captured at Wupoling."

"In the first month of the sixteenth year of the Zhiyuan period, Zhang Hongfan captured Song scouts Liu Qing and Gu Kai, and learned the location of Song's young ruler Zhao Bing - Yashan."

"Zhang Hongfan led his army to Yashan. At this time, more than a thousand warships of the Song army were anchored in the sea, and watchtowers were built on the ships to defend the city, which looked like a copper wall and iron fortress."

"Zhang Hongfan was at a disadvantage and his several attacks on the fleet were fruitless, so he discussed with Li Heng and ordered him to lead two warships to guard the north."

"In February, Zhang Hongfan divided his army into four groups, and led a fleet one mile away. He issued an order: When the tide rises, the Song warships will surely flee eastward, and they should be attacked quickly and not allowed to escape. If they hear the music and then fight again, those who disobey the order will be executed."

"He then ordered a fleet from the north to attack on the tide, but it failed, so Li Heng led his troops to retreat along the tide."

"At this time, the music started playing, and the generals of the Song army thought that the enemy had stopped fighting. Unexpectedly, Zhang Hongfan led the fleet to attack again, so they fired thousands of arrows at the Yuan army."

"Zhang Hongfan had ordered his soldiers to lie down under the curtains on the boats with their shields on their backs, and to move out only when they heard the horn."

"When the two armies' ships came into contact, the Yuan army sounded the horn and removed the curtains, and immediately the bows, crossbows and artillery were used. The Song army was caught off guard and seven warships were destroyed in an instant."

"Song Dynasty Prime Minister Lu Xiufu saw that the situation was hopeless, so he jumped into the ocean with the young emperor Zhao Bing in his arms and died."

"Zhang Shijie fled and reached Jiaozhi, where a strong wind overturned his boat and he drowned at Hailing Harbor. The rest of the Song officials surrendered."

"After that, Zhang Hongfan pacified Guangdong and Guangxi, and then he carved a stone to commemorate his achievements on the south side of Yashan Mountain before returning."

"In October of the 17th year of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Hongfan returned to the court, and Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty gave him a banquet to comfort him."

"Not long after, Zhang Suo's malaria suddenly broke out, and Emperor Shizu ordered the imperial physician to examine him."

"We also sent people to guard him to prevent strangers from disturbing his recovery."

"Zhang Hongfan felt that he was dying, so he bathed, changed his clothes, and invited his relatives and friends to a banquet to say goodbye to them one by one. He entrusted the sword and armor given by Emperor Shizu of Yuan Dynasty to his son Zhang Gui."

"After he finished speaking, he sat upright and passed away at the age of forty-three."

"Emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty posthumously awarded Zhang Hongfan the title of Silver and Green Honorary Official and Pingzhang Zhengshi, and posthumously named him Wulie."

"In the fourth year of Zhida, he was given the titles of Loyal and Benevolent Minister, Grand Tutor, Grand Master of the Imperial Court, Supreme Pillar of the State, Duke of Qi, and his posthumous title was changed to Zhongwu."

"In the sixth year of Yanyou, he was promoted to the title of King of Huaiyang and given the posthumous title of Xianwu."

Wang Anshi: After the Battle of Yehuling between Jin and Meng, the Jin army gradually lost the ability to fight against the Mongolian cavalry on the vast plains. As a result, the vast North China plain became a hunting ground for the Mongolian cavalry to roam freely.

During the first Mongol invasion of the Jin Dynasty, they adopted the most primitive and barbaric scorched earth strategy. After capturing a city, they massacred and looted the city and then burned it down.

This brutal tactic once resulted in the destruction of thousands of miles of the prosperous North China Plain.

The imperial court was no longer reliable, but people had to find ways to survive at all times, especially in North China, which had a tradition of separatism whenever there was chaos in the country.

The Han people in Hebei once again chose to unite as a group to protect themselves against the Mongolian attack, just like their ancestors did.

In the past, the rulers of the Jin Dynasty would never accept the Han people commanding the army, but now under the impact of the Mongolian iron hoof, even the rulers of the Jin Dynasty are always facing the crisis of national destruction. The Han people in Hebei recruited their own soldiers and paid for them themselves, so the rulers of the Jin Dynasty have no control over them. (End of this chapter)