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There were many famous generals in the late Qing Dynasty. In terms of achievements, Zeng Guofan was the first among the Han Chinese. As for the Manchu and Mongolian generals, Senggelinqin was the most outstanding.

He made many outstanding achievements in wars against the Anglo-French allied forces, the conquest of the Taiping Rebellion, and the suppression of the Nian Rebellion, and was highly valued by the Qing court.

However, the ending of this famous general was heartbreaking, as he was killed by an unknown soldier.

"Senggelinqin was born into an ordinary fourth-level taiji family. Senggelinqin's uncle, Sotnam Dobuji, married the third daughter of Emperor Jiaqing, Princess Zhuangjing Heshuo, and was the tenth generation Zasakduolo Prince of the Left Wing Rear Banner of Khorchin."

"Sotennamu Dobuji and the princess who died young had no offspring, so Emperor Daoguang selected an heir from among his clan. At that time, the young Senggelinqin was chosen because of his outstanding appearance and was adopted by Sotennamu Dobuji as his stepson."

"In July of the fifth year of Daoguang's reign, Sotnam Dobuji died, and Senggelinqin inherited the title of Khorchin Zasakduolo County King."

"In December of the fifth year of Daoguang's reign, Senggelinqin walked before the emperor and was later awarded the three-eyed peacock feather."

"In October of the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Daoguang, Emperor Daoguang chose Senggelinqin, the Zasak Prince of Khorchin, as his son-in-law, and he became the imperial consort."

"In November of the 12th year of Daoguang's reign, he was also in charge of the firearms camp."

"In the first month of the fourteenth year of Daoguang's reign, he was appointed as the Imperial Minister, promoted to the Minister of the Imperial Guards of the Plain White Banner, the Commander-in-Chief of the Plain Blue Banner Mongolians, and the Chief of the Field Army."

"In November of the 16th year of Daoguang's reign, he was appointed as the Manchu General of the Bordered White Banner and concurrently the Minister of the Banner."

"She is the most favored one among those who enter and leave the palace."

"In September of the 21st year of Emperor Daoguang's reign, he was appointed the Commander-in-Chief of the Plain Yellow Banner Manchuria."

"During his tenure, he was highly praised by Emperor Daoguang for exposing the illegal activities of Taiji Ganzhuerba Nomenhan in opening a ranch privately and the negligence of the Lifanyuan."

"In the 24th year of Emperor Daoguang's reign, he was appointed as the Supervisor of the Right Wing and the Commander-in-Chief of the Zhenglan Banner Manchuria."

"In February of the twenty-fifth year of Daoguang's reign, he was appointed as the Minister of the Imperial Guards of the Bordered Yellow Banner."

"In May of the 26th year of Daoguang's reign, he was appointed Minister of the Imperial Guards of the Plain White Banner."

"In the 30th year of Emperor Daoguang's reign, Senggelinqin was appointed as the Commander-in-Chief of the Bordered Yellow Banner Mongolians and continued to lead the Imperial Court."

"After Emperor Daoguang died and Emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne, he continued to favor Senggelinqin, and Senggelinqin became one of the ten ministers who advised him."

"In the first year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign, he was appointed as the Minister of the Imperial Court, in charge of the Imperial Guard."

"In the second year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign, he was awarded three levels of honor because he presided over the reburial of Emperor Daoguang with great respect."

"In the third year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign, after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established its capital in Tianjing, the Taiping Army led by Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang invaded the north, capturing cities and territories along the way, and marched towards Zhili."

"In May, the Northern Expedition Army invaded Henan, and Senggelinqin was ordered to supervise the patrol and defense of the capital."

"In August of the third year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's Northern Expeditionary Army invaded the capital."

"Emperor Xianfeng issued an edict to appoint Prince Hui Mianyu as the general, and Senggelinqin as the minister of counselor. The emperor went to the Qianqing Palace and personally handed over the precious sword used by Qing Taizu Nurhaci to Senggelinqin, and ordered him to lead the Beijing army to garrison Zhuozhou."

"In October, the Taiping Army captured Jinghai and prepared to attack Tianjin. Senggelinqin moved his camp to Wangqingtuo to prevent the Taiping Army from approaching the capital."

"The Taiping Army suffered heavy losses and retreated to Lianzhen."

"In the first month of the fourth year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign, Senggelinqin crossed the trench at night, broke into the camp, and launched an attack."

"The Taiping Army lost more than 2 people in the breakout. Senggelinqin led the troops to pursue and kill many of them."

"Emperor Xianfeng was overjoyed when he received the good news and bestowed upon Senggelinqin the title of Tuanduo Baturu."

"The Taiping Army fled all the way to Fucheng County, where Senggelinqin led his troops to besiege it, but the Taiping Army still put up a tenacious resistance."

"In the first month of the fifth year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign, Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang led their troops to break out from Fucheng to Lianzhen, Dongguang County, risking their lives to attack the Qing army. They were all annihilated by Senggelinqin, and Lin Fengxiang was captured and escorted to the capital."

"The area around the capital was peaceful, and because of this special merit, Emperor Xianfeng bestowed upon Senggelinqin the title of Prince Duoyu Gatai in February, promoted his son Boyan Nemo Yanghu, a second-class guard, to serve in front of the emperor, and ordered the troops to be mobilized to Gaotang Prefecture to supervise military affairs."

"In April, Gaotang was under siege for a long time and Senggelinqin pretended to relax the defense to lure the Taiping Army to break out."

"Li Kaifang and his cronies Huang Yiduan and eight others were captured and taken to the capital to be killed. Senggelinqin was granted the title of hereditary prince."

"In May, he returned to the capital in triumph and was rewarded with a set of imperial beads and a jacket with four dragon patches."

"Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang were both famous generals of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, brave and good at fighting. Senggelinqin fought hundreds of battles in two years, all of which were annihilated without a single escape, and thus his reputation spread throughout the country."

"At the time, he was as famous as Zeng Guofan, who suppressed the Taiping Rebellion in the south, and they were called the Zeng of the South and the Monk of the North."

"In the sixth year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign, the Second Opium War broke out. The British and French allied forces captured Guangzhou and then led their troops northward."

"In the eighth year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign, Zhili Governor-General Tan Tingxiang and Zhili Admiral Dong'e Tuoming'a were defeated in their defense of Tianjin Dagu Pass."

"After the British and French forces captured Dagukou, they immediately occupied Tianjin and threatened to occupy Beijing."

"Because of the defeat, we had to sign the Treaty of Tianjin with Britain, France and other countries."

Su Shi: Senggelinqin came from a Mongolian noble family and inherited the title of Zasakdoro Prince.

During the reign of Emperor Daoguang, Senggelinqin went to Beijing to take up office, and served as an imperial attendant, imperial minister, minister in charge of the imperial guards, commander-in-chief of the Mongolian Plain Blue Banner, and commander-in-chief of the Manchu Bordered White Banner.

At that time, the combat effectiveness of the Eight Banners soldiers was extremely poor and they were a hopeless case. Only the cavalry led by Senggelinqin had strict military discipline and strong combat effectiveness, which impressed the Qing court. Therefore, Senggelinqin was able to be reused during the reigns of Daoguang, Xianfeng and Tongzhi.

As a famous Mongolian general, Senggelinqin, the King of Monks, once led troops to suppress the Northern Expedition Army of Li Kaifang and Lin Fengxiang of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. After hundreds of battles, he wiped out all the rebels and made his reputation throughout the country.

During the war between the Anglo-French Allied Forces, Senggelinqin was ordered to resist, and he inflicted heavy damage on the Allied Forces in the Battle of Dagukou, which greatly encouraged the Qing court.

Senggelinqin was good at comforting his soldiers and was strict in military discipline. In addition, he was brave and courageous and had no fear of life and death. Therefore, he was relied upon as a pillar by the Qing court, but also became a nightmare for the Taiping Army and the Nian Army.

However, Senggelinqin also had his own weaknesses: he was too brave and reckless, and was unfamiliar with the enemy's situation. In battles, he often only sought short-term gains and failed to plan for the long term, thus laying the groundwork for his eventual downfall.

Starting from the tenth year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign, Senggelinqin was ordered to hunt down the Nian Army in Zhili and Shandong. He defeated hundreds of thousands of people and captured hundreds of thousands of people. He also arrested and executed Chen Yucheng, the commander of the Taiping Army, Zhang Lexing, the chief of the Nian Army, and Miao Peilin, the leader of the rebellious militia, and achieved brilliant results.

After Zhang Lexing's death, the Nian Army hated Senggelinqin. The new leader Zhang Zongyu decided to take advantage of Senggelinqin's weakness of arrogance and underestimation of the enemy, and adopted the tactic of siege and fighting in various places to lure Senggelinqin and annihilate him after his army was exhausted. In May of the fourth year of the Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, Senggelinqin, who was dragged down by Zhang Zongyu, fell into the trap of the Nian Army and was surrounded in Gaolouzhai, Caozhou, Shandong.

At that time, the monk king's troops had no food, and they broke out at night, leading only a small number of them to break out in the direction of Wujiadian. Senggelinqin fell off his horse due to injuries on the way, and had to hide in a wheat field, hoping to avoid being hunted down by the Nian Army.

In the end, Senggelinqin failed to escape this disaster. He was searched out by a 16-year-old soldier of the Nian Army, Zhang Piliang, and beheaded in a wheat field. He was 54 years old.

"In June, Emperor Xianfeng appointed Senggelinqin as the imperial commissioner to oversee coastal defense and rebuild the Dagu Fort."

"At the end of August, Senggelinqin and the Minister of Rites Ruilin came to Dagukou and started the reconstruction of Dagu Fort."

"Senggelinqin was a staunch advocate of war, and he firmly demanded the withdrawal of the negotiating representatives, the mobilization of all the troops in the country, the use of all the grain in the country, the reorganization of the troops, and the expulsion of the invaders."

"But because the peace faction prevailed, his opinion was not adopted."

"In June of the ninth year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign, the British and French fleets, led by Rear Admiral Hobb, the commander of the British naval forces invading China, arrived outside Dagukou and immediately launched armed provocations."

"The British and French allied forces marched northwards, with a fleet consisting of a cruiser and 13 gunboats. When they reached Dagukou, Tianjin, the British and French invaders refused to land at Beitang and entered Dagukou."

"Senggelinqin, the commander of the army, fought hard and destroyed three British warships, causing 464 British casualties and seriously injuring British naval commander Hope."

"After several days of stalemate, the British and French warships withdrew."

"At the end of the ninth year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign, Senggelinqin built five artillery batteries on the original sites of the north and south bank artillery batteries, and built a new stone crevice artillery battery to the north of the north bank artillery battery."

"We built dikes around the forts, built earthen cellars along the walls, and covered them with gun ports and loopholes. We dug trenches outside the dikes, placed wooden fences, and connected them into a giant raft to block the key pass of the seaport and prevent the enemy from landing and outflanking."

"As an important flank defense of Dagukou, Beitang Fort was also rebuilt to prevent the British and French allied forces from sailing in from the north of Dagu."

"Soon the Qing army was defeated in the battle on the right bank, the artillery fort was captured, and Senggelinqin retreated to Tongzhou. Emperor Xianfeng ordered Senggelinqin to be stripped of his three-eyed peacock feather, and to be stripped of his positions as Minister of the Imperial Guards of the Plain Yellow Banner and Commander-in-Chief of the Manchus of the Bordered Blue Banner."

"We continued to fight and were defeated at Baliqiao in Tongzhou. Ruilin was defeated outside Andingmen again, and the coalition forces entered the capital."

"After the Old Summer Palace was destroyed, Emperor Xianfeng issued an edict to remove Senggelinqin from his title and official post, but he still retained the title of imperial commissioner."

"In September of the tenth year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign, the peace talks were successful. At that time, the Nian Army in Shandong was rampant and unbridled. The imperial court restored Senggelinqin's title of Prince and ordered him and Ruilin to go and suppress them."

"Emperor Xianfeng issued an edict urging Senggelinqin to go to Jining and Yanzhou to supervise the army."

"In December, Senggelinqin led more than 10,000 Qing troops to pursue the Nian Army and met them in Juye. Xiangrui Qilin and Deputy Governor-General Ge Tingjin Qian'e were located to the west of them and killed many Nian Army soldiers, but Ge Tingjin Qian'e was killed in the battle."

"In February of the 11th year of Emperor Xianfeng's reign, a large number of Nian troops marched northward from Jiangsu. Senggelinqin fought against the Nian troops in Lijiazhuang, Heze. The Qing army was defeated, and the governor of Chahar, Yishichengbu, was killed. The Qing army returned and stationed in Tangjiakou."

"In August of the first year of the Tongzhi reign, the Nian Army crossed the canal and invaded Tai'an and Jinan."

"Senggelinqin personally led the army in pursuit, and the Nian Army was defeated step by step."

"The victory report reached the court, and Senggelinqin was reinstated as the imperial minister, rewarded with the yellow reins, and appointed as the commander of the Han army of the Red Banner, in charge of Fengchen Garden."

"When Emperor Muzong ascended the throne, he issued an imperial decree to commend his contributions and to restore his title of Prince Legatai, and soon issued an imperial decree to inherit his title."

"The court authorized Senggelinqin to control and dispatch troops from the five provinces of Zhili, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, and Anhui."

"In June of the second year of the Tongzhi reign, Jiangning was restored, and the army was rewarded generously. An imperial edict was issued to commend Senggelinqin for his military achievements and to promote him to the rank of Beile."

"Senggelinqin led the Mongolian cavalry and the troops provided by the five provinces to defeat the Nian Army many times. He captured more than 100,000 Nian Army soldiers and dispersed more than 100,000 of them at Heishifu, Huoshan, in eastern Hubei. The Qing army also suffered heavy losses."

"In May of the fourth year of the Tongzhi reign, tens of thousands of Nian troops entered Shandong again and reached the Gaolouzhai area northwest of Heze."

"Senggelinqin was lured by the Nian Army to Gaolouzhai in Caozhou, Shandong, and the Qing army attacked in three directions. The Qing army entered the ambush area, and the Nian Army's ambush troops suddenly emerged, advancing on horseback and infantry, and also attacked the enemy in three directions. Senggelinqin was surrounded."

"Senggelinqin led a small number of followers to risk their lives to break out on May 5. When they fled to Wujiadian, northwest of Caozhou, Senggelinqin was injured and fell off his horse. He hid in a wheat field and was beheaded by Zhang Piliang, a member of the Nian Army. He was 18 years old."

"Senggelinqin's death on the battlefield shocked the entire Qing court, who all mourned the loss of a pillar of the country, and court officials and scholars wrote poems to mourn him."

"When the news reached the imperial court, Emperor Tongzhi ordered his guards to rush to the imperial post to welcome the coffin to the capital, present it to the two Empress Dowagers, and personally offer sacrifices. He granted a golden funeral, and a temple dedicated to loyalty to Zhao. After the success, a special temple will be built to accompany the Imperial Ancestral Temple, and the posthumous name will be Zhong, and a portrait will be hung in the Purple Light Pavilion."

"In the seventh year of the Tongzhi reign, the Nian Rebellion was defeated, and officials were sent to offer sacrifices on an altar."

"In the 15th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the Empress Dowager returned to power and ordered the construction of a special shrine in Anding Gate in the capital to honor the loyalty."

"My son Boyan Nemo Yanghu inherited the title of prince, and my grandson Naersu was awarded the title of Beile, and my second grandson Wendusu was made Duke of Fuguo."

Li Bai: When the tragic news of Senggelinqin's death came, Empress Dowager Ci'an and Empress Dowager Cixi were shocked and issued an edict to bury him with honor, reward him, and provide generous pensions to his family.

At the same time, the two Empress Dowagers issued strict orders to officials in Shandong, Anhui and other places to closely apprehend the murderer of Senggelinqin, and once caught, he would be executed immediately.

Zhang Piliang, who killed Senggelinqin, soon left the Nian Army and returned to his hometown, Zhanglou Village, Woyang County, Anhui Province. He used the money he robbed to buy land and houses in the local area, and married and had children.

Later, he opened a workshop and made a living by brewing wine, selling grain and oil, and lived a pretty good life.

Zhang Piliang knew that the Qing government was hunting down the murderer of Senggelinqin, so he never dared to tell anyone about it until the twelfth year of the Tongzhi reign.

At that time, Senggelinqin had been killed for eight years, but Shandong Governor Ding Baozhen was still looking for the murderer and sent spies to gather intelligence in the Huaibei area.

It happened that a spy sneaked into Zhanglou Village and heard Zhang Piliang, drunk, talking to his friends about killing the monk king in the winery. He immediately reported it to his superiors.

Ding Baozhen immediately sent people to arrest Zhang Piliang and escorted him to Jinan.

Zhang Piliang once wanted to deny it and insisted that he was bragging, but when Ding Baozhen found the monk Wang Chaozhu in his home, Zhang Piliang had no choice but to confess the truth.

After seeing Zhang Piliang's confession, the Qing court ordered the execution of him by lingchi.

In the same year, Zhang Pilang was executed by slow slicing in Jinan at the age of 24.

Shortly after Senggelinqin was killed in battle, the news of his death reached Beijing. The Qing court was shocked and ordered the guards to rush to bring the coffin back to the capital and suspend court for three days to show mourning and respect.

Senggelinqin was the last military commander of Manchu and Mongolian origin in the Qing Dynasty. After his death, Empress Dowager Cixi ordered Zeng Guofan and others to supervise and suppress the Nian Army. From then on, military power fell into the hands of Zeng Guofan of the Hunan Army and Li Hongzhang of the Huai Army. (End of this chapter)