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Li Guang was a native of Chengji County, Longxi Prefecture. His family practiced archery for generations. His ancestor, Li Xin, a general of the Qin Dynasty, once captured Prince Dan of Yan.

In the 14th year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu invaded Xiaoguan. Li Guang joined the army as a "good family boy".

Because he was good at riding and archery and took many enemy heads, he was named Hanzhonglang.

Li Guang's cousin Li Cai was appointed as Zhonglang.

Both of them also served as Wuqi Changshi, with an annual salary of 800 stones.

When Li Guang went hunting with Emperor Wen of Han, he killed ferocious beasts with his bravery.

Emperor Wen of Han believed that if he had lived in the era of Emperor Gaozu, it would have been no problem for him to be granted the title of Marquis of Ten Thousand Households.

"In the seventh year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty died. After Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, Liu Qi, ascended the throne, he appointed Li Guang as the commander of Longxi, and later changed him to the commander of the cavalry."

"When the seven states of Wu and Chu rebelled, Li Guang served as the commander of the cavalry and followed the Grand Commandant Zhou Yafu to fight back against the rebels of Wu and Chu."

"Before the city of Changyi, Li Guang captured the enemy's flag and became famous for his meritorious service."

"However, because King Xiao of Liang secretly gave the general's seal to Li Guang, the court did not reward Li Guang after he returned to the court."

"Afterwards, Li Guang was transferred to be the governor of Shanggu County and fought against the Xiongnu many times. Gongsun Kunxie, the governor of the vassal state, cried to Emperor Jing of Han,"

"Li Guang's talent is unparalleled in the world, but he relies on his ability and keeps fighting the Huns. I'm afraid he will die on the battlefield."

"So, Emperor Jing of Han transferred Li Guang to be the governor of Shangjun."

"After that, Li Guang was transferred to Longxi, Beidi, Yanmen, Daijun, Yunzhong, Shangjun and other counties. In each of his terms, he was famous for his fierce fighting."

"When the Xiongnu invaded Shangjun in large numbers, Emperor Jing of Han sent an eunuch to study with Li Guang."

"Once, when the eunuch was leading dozens of cavalrymen on a gallop, they encountered three Huns."

"During the battle, the three Huns not only shot and wounded the eunuch, but also killed almost all of the cavalry he led."

"After the eunuch escaped and returned to Li Guang, he explained the situation. Li Guang believed that these three people must be the Xiongnu's eagle-shooting experts."

"So Li Guang led a hundred cavalrymen to pursue them."

"After catching up with the three Huns, Li Guang ordered his cavalry to spread out to the left and right and encircle them from two directions, and he personally shot and killed them,"

"In the end, two were shot dead and one was captured alive. Just as Li Guang expected, they were indeed the Xiongnu's eagle archers."

"At this time, several thousand Xiongnu cavalrymen came from a distance. They thought Li Guang was a cavalryman sent to lure the enemy, so they set up their battle formation on the mountain."

"Li Guang's hundred cavalrymen were terrified and wanted to turn their horses and flee."

"Li Guang thought that they were dozens of miles away from the main army. According to the current situation, if they fled on horseback, the Xiongnu would chase and shoot them and they would be killed immediately."

"But if they stay, the Xiongnu will think they are decoys sent by the main army and will not dare to attack them."

"So Li Guang ordered the cavalry to move forward until they were about two miles away from the Xiongnu position, and then stopped and ordered everyone to dismount and remove the saddles."

"The cavalry were worried that the enemy was too numerous and too close, and they didn't know what to do if there was an emergency."

"Li Guang thought that this move would make the enemy more convinced that they were decoys. Sure enough, the Xiongnu cavalry did not dare to attack them."

"A Xiongnu general on a white horse came out to guard the soldiers. Li Guang immediately mounted his horse and galloped with a dozen cavalrymen, taking the opportunity to shoot him dead."

"Then he returned to his own cavalry, unsaddled the horses as before, and told the soldiers to let the horses go and lie down as they pleased."

"It was dusk at that time, and the Xiongnu army was surprised by the performance of Li Guang and his cavalry, so they did not dare to attack."

"At midnight, the Xiongnu soldiers thought that the Han Dynasty had ambushed them nearby and wanted to attack them at night, so they led their troops to withdraw."

"Only the next morning did Li Guang return to the army camp. It turned out that the army was unable to meet him because they did not know where Li Guang had gone."

"In the third year of Hou Yuan, Emperor Jing of Han died and Emperor Wu of Han, Liu Che, ascended the throne. Because all the ministers around him thought that Li Guang was a famous general,

"So Emperor Wu of Han transferred Li Guang from the governor of Shangjun to the Weiyang Palace Guard."

"When Li Guang was appointed as the Weiyang Palace Guard, Cheng Bushi was appointed as the Changle Palace Guard."

"Cheng Buzhi and Li Guang both served as governors of border counties and were in charge of garrison troops, but their styles of commanding troops were different."

"When attacking the Xiongnu, Li Guang's troops did not have a strict formation or battle array."

"They would also camp in places with abundant water and grass, and would not guard the night watch. The shogunate would simplify all paperwork and records."

"However, Li Guang deployed sentries at a distance, so the army was not in danger."

Li Bai: Cheng Buzhi had strict requirements on the organization of the troops, the marching formations, and the camping formations. He not only beat the night watch,

Moreover, military officials had to deal with official documents all night long, so the troops had no rest, but they were never in danger.

Cheng Buzhi believed that Li Guang's military management was simple and easy, but if the enemy suddenly attacked,
He could not stop it, and although his army was troubled by military affairs, the enemy was unable to invade.

At that time, Li Guang and Cheng Buzhi were both famous generals in the border counties of the Han Dynasty, but the Huns were afraid of Li Guang's strategy, and most of the soldiers were willing to follow Li Guang, but found it difficult to follow Cheng Buzhi.

In the second year of Yuanguang, Emperor Wu of Han followed Wang Hui's advice and ambushed heavy troops in the valleys on both sides of Mayi City, intending to encircle and annihilate the Xiongnu.

Li Guang was appointed General of Cavalry, and was under the command of General Han Anguo, the Guard General.

However, the Huns discovered the Han army's plan and the army returned without success.

In the fifth year of Yuanguang, Li Guang was appointed general from the position of Weiwei, and went out of Yanmen Pass to attack the Huns.

Li Guang was defeated and captured alive by the Huns.

At that time, Li Guang was seriously injured, so the Xiongnu cavalry placed him between two horses and let him lie in a rope net bag.

After walking more than ten miles, Li Guang pretended to be dead.

He glanced at the Xiongnu boy beside him riding a good horse, so he suddenly jumped onto the Xiongnu boy's horse and took his bow.

Afterwards, Li Guang rode his horse south for dozens of miles, met the remnants of the army again, and led them into the pass.

After returning to the capital, the court handed Li Guang over to law enforcement officials.

The officials believed that Li Guang had suffered heavy losses and was captured alive by the enemy, so he should be beheaded. Li Guang redeemed the death penalty with money and was demoted to a commoner.

After being redeemed as a commoner, Li Guang lived in seclusion in Lantian with Guan Qiang, the grandson of the late Yingyin Marquis Guan Ying, and often went hunting in the Nanshan Mountains.

One night, he went out with a horse-riding attendant and drank with others in the fields.

When they arrived at Ba Ling Pavilion on their way back, the Ba Ling Wei was drunk and shouted at Li Guang and forbade him to pass.

Li Guang's followers said he was the former General Li. The guard said that the current general was not allowed to pass, let alone the former one.

Li Guang was then detained and made to spend the night at the Ba Ling Pavilion.

In the first year of Yuanshuo, the Xiongnu invaded and killed the governor of Liaoxi. General Han Anguo was defeated and transferred to Youbeiping, where he died of illness a few months later. Therefore, Emperor Wu of Han summoned Li Guang again and appointed him governor of Youbeiping.

Li Guang immediately requested to send Ba Ling Wei to take up the post together. When he arrived at the army, he killed Ba Ling Wei.

When the Huns heard that Li Guang was stationed in Youbeiping, they called him "the Flying General of the Han Dynasty" and did not dare to invade for several years.

After Shi Jian's death, Emperor Wu of Han summoned Li Guang and asked him to succeed Shi Jian as Langzhongling.

In the sixth year of Yuanshuo, Li Guang was appointed as the rear general and followed the general Wei Qing to fight against the Huns.

Many generals were awarded titles of nobility for their military achievements, but Li Guang's army had no military achievements.

"In the second year of Yuanshou, Li Guang, in his capacity as a doctor-in-chief, led 4,000 cavalrymen out of Youbeiping. Zhang Qian, Marquis of Bowang, led 10,000 cavalrymen to go out with Li Guang, and they went in two different routes."

"After marching for several hundred miles, the Xiongnu Zuoxian King led 40,000 cavalrymen to surround Li Guang. The soldiers were very scared, so Li Guang sent his son Li Gan to ride into the Xiongnu army on horseback."

"Li Gan galloped alone with dozens of cavalrymen, penetrated the Xiongnu cavalry formation, and broke out from its left and right wings. After returning, he reported to Li Guang that the Xiongnu enemy soldiers were easy to deal with, and the soldiers were relieved."

"Li Guang deployed his troops in a circular formation, facing outwards. The Xiongnu attacked fiercely, and arrows rained down on them."

"More than half of the Han soldiers were killed, and they have run out of arrows."

"Li Guang ordered his soldiers to draw their bows fully and not to release arrows, and then he personally shot the Xiongnu deputy general with a large yellow crossbow. After killing several people, the Xiongnu army gradually dispersed."

"It was already late at night, and the officers and soldiers were all pale, but Li Guang remained calm and paid more attention to organizing the troops. From then on, everyone in the army admired Li Guang's bravery."

"The next day, Li Guang continued to fight hard, and Zhang Qian's army also arrived, and the Xiongnu army lifted the siege and retreated."

"At this time, Li Guang's army had been almost completely wiped out, so he had no choice but to withdraw his troops and return to the capital."

"According to Han Dynasty law, Zhang Qian was slow in his march and missed the deadline, so he should be sentenced to death, but Zhang Qian paid money to redeem his sin and was demoted to a commoner."

"Li Guang's merits and demerits offset each other, so he received no reward."

"Li Guang's cousin Li Cai once served Emperor Wen of Han together with Li Guang."

"During the reign of Emperor Jing of Han, Li Cai was awarded an official salary of 2,000 dan because of his military merits.

"In the fifth year of Emperor Wu's reign, Li Cai was appointed General of Light Chariots. Later, because of his meritorious service in following Wei Qing in attacking the Right Xian King of the Xiongnu, he was granted the title of Marquis of Le'an."

"In the second year of Yuanshou, Li Cai was appointed Prime Minister. Although Li Cai's reputation was not as good as Li Guang's, he was granted the title of Marquis and was promoted to the rank of Three Dukes."

"Li Guang once had a private chat with Wang Shuo, recalling that since the Han Dynasty attacked the Xiongnu, he had never failed to participate in a single battle. There were dozens of officers below the rank of lieutenant in various departments whose talents were not even average, but who were granted titles of nobility due to their military merits."

"He felt that he was no worse than others, but he had no military merit to be awarded a fiefdom. He ended up in such a situation. He didn't know whether it was because he didn't have the bones to be awarded a fiefdom, or whether it was his fate."

"Wang Shuo asked Li Guang to think about whether he had done anything regrettable."

"Li Guang said that when he was the governor of Longxi, the Qiang people rebelled and he lured more than 800 people to surrender, but in the end he deceived them and killed them all."

"Wang Shuo believed that this was the reason why Li Guang was not granted a title of nobility."

"In the fourth year of Yuanshou, General Wei Qing and General Huo Qubing led their troops to attack the Xiongnu, and Li Guang requested to accompany them."

"At first, Emperor Wu of Han thought that he was too old and did not agree, but after Li Guang's repeated requests, Emperor Wu of Han finally appointed him as the general."

"After Li Guang followed Wei Qing out of the border, Wei Qing captured a Xiongnu soldier alive and learned where the Chanyu lived."

"So Wei Qing led his elite troops to pursue the Chanyu, and ordered Li Guang to join forces with the Right General and attack from the east."

"The eastern route is long and circuitous, lacks water and grass, and the army will certainly not be able to march in a single column."

"Li Guang requested that he had fought against the Xiongnu since he was a teenager, but only now had the chance to fight against the Chanyu. He was willing to be the vanguard and fight to the death with the Chanyu first."

"However, Wei Qing was secretly warned by Emperor Wu of Han, who believed that Li Guang was old and had a bad fate, so he did not allow him to fight against the Chanyu, lest the goal of capturing the Chanyu would fail."

"At that time, Gongsun Ao had just lost his title of Marquis and followed Wei Qing to the battlefield as Lieutenant General. Wei Qing wanted Gongsun Ao to fight against Chanyu with him, so he deliberately transferred Li Guang away."

Du Fu: Li Guang knew the inside story, so he firmly asked Wei Qing to withdraw the transfer order.

However, Wei Qing not only refused, but also ordered the Chief Secretary to write a document and send it to Li Guang's headquarters, asking him to quickly join the Right General's army.

Li Guang was angry and led his troops on the journey without saying goodbye to Wei Qing. He joined forces with the right general Zhao Shiqi and set out from the east.

As a result, because the army had no guide and lost its way, Li Guang fell behind Wei Qing.

However, the Xiongnu Chanyu fled during the battle and Wei Qing had no results, so he had to turn back.

When Wei Qing was traveling south across the desert, he met Li Guang and Zhao Shiqi.

After Li Guang met with Wei Qing, he returned to his army.

Wei Qing sent his chief secretary to bring dry food and wine to Li Guang, and also asked Li Guang and Zhao Shiqi about the situation of getting lost, because Wei Qing was going to report detailed military information in a letter to Emperor Wu of Han.

But Li Guang did not answer. Wei Qing sent a chief secretary to order the officers of Li Guang's shogunate to go to Wei Qing's shogunate for trial and confrontation. Li Guang believed that the officers were not guilty and that he had lost his way, so he was willing to go to Wei Qing's shogunate in person for trial and confrontation.

After arriving at Wei Qing's office, Li Guang told his subordinates that he had fought more than 70 battles with the Xiongnu since he was a teenager.

Now I have the honor to follow the general to fight against the Chanyu's army, but the general has ordered his troops to take a long and circuitous route, and they have lost their way. This may be God's will.

Besides, he was already over sixty years old and did not want to be insulted by those clerks anymore.

Afterwards, Li Guang drew his sword and committed suicide.

After Li Guang's death, all the soldiers in Li Guang's army cried bitterly.

When the people heard the news, they all shed tears for Li Guang.

The Right General Zhao Shiqi was handed over to the law enforcement officials alone and should have been sentenced to death, but Zhao Shiqi used his property to redeem his sins and was demoted to a commoner.

Li Guang had three sons, namely Li Danghu, Li Jiao and Li Gan, all of whom served as palace officials.

Li Danghu and Li Jiao both died before Li Guang.

Li Gan once served as a colonel and followed Huo Qubing to attack the Xiongnu Zuoxian King. He was granted the title of Guannei Hou for his military achievements and succeeded Li Guang as the Langzhong Ling. Later, he was shot to death by Huo Qubing for injuring Wei Qing.

Li Gan's son Li Yu was favored by the prince, but Li Yu was greedy for money and profit, and the Li family gradually declined.

Li Ling, the posthumous son of Li Danghu, once served as a cavalry commander. He was lured into surrender during the attack on the Xiongnu and later married the daughter of the Xiongnu Chanyu. As a result, Emperor Wu of Han killed his mother, wife, children and the entire family.

From then on, the Li family's reputation fell into disrepute, and people in Longxi who had once been Li's followers were ashamed of this.

Li Guang was a descendant of Li Xin, a famous general of the Qin Dynasty. In the 14th year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty, the Huns invaded Xiaoguan on a large scale. Li Guang was named Han Zhonglang because he captured many enemy heads.

After Emperor Jing of Han, Liu Qi, ascended the throne, he appointed Li Guang as the commander of Longxi and later changed him to the rank of General of the Cavalry.

When the seven states of Wu and Chu rebelled, Li Guang served as the commander of the cavalry and followed the Grand Commandant Zhou Yafu to fight back against the Wu and Chu rebels, and became famous. (End of this chapter)