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Xiahou Shang was good at planning when he was young, and Cao Pi of Wei State admired his brainpower very much.

In the ninth year of Jian'an (204 AD), Xiahou Shang followed Taizu Cao Cao to lead the cavalry to conquer Jizhou. After pacifying Jizhou, he was appointed as the military Sima.

In the 211th year of Jian'an ( AD), Xiahou Shang served as an official under Cao Pi - the Literary General of the Five Officials, mainly responsible for matters related to classics, history, and articles.

Two years later, the Dukedom of Wei was established and Xiahou Shang was transferred to be the Minister of the Imperial Court of Wei to assist in handling state affairs.

In the 218rd year of Jian'an (220 AD), the Wuhuan (one of the northern nomadic peoples) in Dai County rebelled. Xiahou Shang and Cao Zhang led the army to suppress the rebellion and finally returned victorious. In the th year of Jian'an ( AD), Emperor Taizu Cao Cao died in Luoyang.

"The court counted Xiahou Shang's achievements and conferred him the title of Marquis of Pingling Pavilion, granted him the title of Palace Attendant, and later promoted him to the rank of Commander of the Central Army."

"In the same year, Emperor Wen of Wei, Cao Pi, became emperor and changed Xiahou Shang's title to Marquis of Pingling Township. He was later promoted to General Zhengnan, and appointed as the Governor of Jingzhou, holding the imperial seals and commanding the military affairs of the south. Xiahou Shang became a major military and political figure."

"Not long after, Xiahou Shang pacified three prefectures and nine counties and was promoted to General of the Southern Expedition."

"In the third year of Huangchu (222 AD), Emperor Wen of Wei, Cao Pi, came to Wancheng (now Nanyang City, Henan Province) and ordered Xiahou Shang to lead the troops to besiege Jiangling together with Cao Zhen."

"Two years later, Xiahou Shang was given the title of Marquis of Changling Township. In April of the seventh year of Huangchu (226 AD), Xiahou Shang died and was posthumously named Marquis Dao. His son Xiahou Xuan succeeded him."

"In the fourth year of Zhengshi (243 AD), Xiahou Shang was allowed to be worshipped in Cao Cao's temple."

"Emperor Wen of Wei, Cao Pi, commented that Xiahou Shang was a man of planning and strategy with a promising future, and Cao Pi valued him very much."

"Xiahou Shang has followed Cao Pi since he was a child. He is loyal to him. Although they are of different surnames, they are as close as brothers. Xiahou Shang has long regarded him as his confidant."

"Such a strategic and wise man, unfortunately died young. It's really beyond our control."

"Wang Shen, a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty, believed that Xiahou Shang was a man of planning and wisdom. Chen Shou, a historian in the Western Jin Dynasty, commented in the Biography of Xiahou Cao in the Book of Wei that Xiahou Shang had made great contributions to the country and was deeply loved by the people."

"Emperor Wen of Wei, Cao Pi, and Xiahou Shang knew each other since childhood and were as close as brothers. Xiahou Shang's talents and strategies were also appreciated by Cao Pi."

"In the Hebei expedition after the Battle of Guandu, Xiahou Shang fought with Cao Cao and was later appointed as the military commander by Cao Cao."

"Since Cao Pi also participated in the battle in Hebei, Xiahou Shang may have been in the same army as Cao Pi."

"After conquering Yecheng, Cao Cao moved the political center from Xuchang to here. Cao Pi, Xiahou Shang and others also followed Cao Cao and made Yecheng (now Handan City, Hebei Province) their residence."

"In the 211th year of Jian'an ( AD), Xiahou Shang was appointed as the Literary Officer of the Five Officials."

"He was mainly responsible for matters related to classics, history and articles. Cao Pi himself was a famous scholar, and during this period, Liu Zhen, Xu Gan and Ying Yan, among the Seven Scholars of the Jian'an Period, were appointed as the literary official of the General of the Five Officials."

"Cao Wei ministers such as Wu Zhi were also responsible for matters related to classics, history, and articles."

"At this time, they have formed a group of confidants around Cao Pi. Xiahou Shang is also of royal blood and an official in the general's mansion. It can be seen that his position is very important."

"Two years later, Cao Cao conferred the title of Duke of Wei on the state, and the Dukedom of Wei was established."

"Xiahou Shang was transferred to Wei State as the Yellow Gate Minister to assist in handling state affairs."

"In the 23rd year of Jian'an, the ethnic minorities in Dai County rebelled. The court sent Cao Zhang, Marquis of Yanling, to fight against them, and Xiahou Shang was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the military."

"Cao Zhang, Xiahou Shang and others led the cavalry and charged in person. After a fierce battle, they defeated the Wuhuan and pursued them, crossing Dai County for hundreds of miles, killing thousands of enemies and capturing prisoners."

"The Xianbei leader Kebi Neng, who had been on the sidelines, was affected by this battle and immediately asked the court to surrender."

"In the 220th year of Jian'an ( AD), Cao Cao died of illness in Luoyang. Xiahou Shang, as the representative of the clan, escorted the coffin back to Yecheng."

"During the time when Xiahou Shang was carrying the coffin, his achievements were counted one after another, and he was conferred the title of Marquis of Pingling Pavilion, appointed as a Palace Attendant, and later promoted to the position of Commander of the Central Army."

Li Bai: Xiahou Shang, courtesy name Boren, everything about him in history is related to Cao Pi.
It can be said that to a certain extent, the relationship between Xiahou Shang and Cao Pi is even closer than that between Cao Zhen and others, and he is someone Cao Pi truly trusts.

After Xiahou Shang was recommended by Cao Pi, Cao Cao appointed him as the military secretary in the Battle of Jizhou, leading the cavalry to follow the expedition. Later, he served as the General of the Five Officials and Literature. This position was definitely a position of Cao Pi's confidant.

Compared to others, Xiahou Shang's promotion was relatively slow. When Cao Cao was alive, he probably didn't value the people around Cao Pi very much because he hadn't established a successor.
In the 18th year of Jian'an, Cao Cao was named Duke of Wei and established the Wei regime. Xiahou Shang was promoted to the position of Yellow Gate Minister. However, in the 23rd year of Jian'an, the Wuhuan rebelled.
Cao Cao's third son Cao Zhang was ordered to lead the army, and Xiahou Shang followed him. In the end, they won a great victory, which was also due to Xiahou Shang's contribution.

In the 25th year of Jian'an, Cao Cao died of illness in Luoyang. Xiahou Shang held the imperial seal and escorted Cao Cao's coffin back to Yecheng. All his previous merits began to be settled. Finally, he was granted the title of Marquis of Pingling Pavilion, appointed as Palace Attendant, and promoted to Commander of the Central Army.

Soon after Cao Pi ascended the throne and became emperor, Xiahou Shang's official career soared. He was renamed Marquis of Pingling Township, promoted to General Zhengnan, made Governor of Jingzhou, and given the title of General-in-Chief of the Southern Military.

Afterwards, he was responsible for the confrontation with Liu Bei's Shu Han, and captured Shangyong in wars of varying sizes. The Shu general Meng Da and others surrendered, and Liu Feng was defeated. Later, Cao Pi promoted Xiahou Shang to the rank of 'General of the Southern Expedition' with a stroke of his pen.

Everyone knows that Cao Pi was a monarch with great ambitions and aspirations. He was capable and devoted himself to state affairs. He could be said to be a great ruler.

After the Cao Wei regime stabilized, he began to launch expeditions to Eastern Wu and Shu Han. At the beginning, he attacked Eastern Wu, and Xiahou Shang was also transferred there to lead the army to besiege Jiangling together with Cao Zhen, with remarkable results.

In the end, Xiahou Shang's death was quite sad. Xiahou Shang had a concubine whom he particularly loved, and he loved her even more than his wife. However, because his wife was a member of the Cao family, Cao Pi sent someone to strangle his concubine to death.

This made Xiahou Shang very sad, even in a trance, and he often went to the cemetery to sit in a daze.

After hearing this, Cao Pi was very disappointed with him and thought that Du Xi, one of the four famous scholars of Yingchuan, was right to look down on Xiahou Shang. However, because Xiahou Shang was really his confidant, he did not neglect him because of this incident.

The following year, Xiahou Shang was seriously ill. Cao Pi visited him many times in person, holding his hand and crying bitterly. But Xiahou Shang died in the second year of his illness.

Xiahou Shang could be said to be Cao Pi's most trusted general. When Xiahou Shang was appointed General of the Southern Expedition, Cao Pi even gave him the power to "abuse power and kill people".
This is the power of life and death without reporting to the court, which is enough to show Cao Pi's trust in him. Even the final outcome is still sad.

"In the same year, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, and Xiahou Shang was renamed Marquis of Pingling Township, promoted to General Zhengnan, appointed Governor of Jingzhou, and given the title of Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Military."

"So Xiahou Shang and Xu Huang led a part of the soldiers to capture Shangyong in one fell swoop. Shangyong Shu general Meng Da and Liu Feng were at odds, so Meng Da led more than 4,000 troops to surrender to Cao Wei. Liu Feng was defeated and fled. Xiahou Shang pacified three prefectures and nine counties, and was promoted to General of the Southern Expedition for his merits."

"At that time, although Sun Quan was a vassal of Wei, Xiahou Shang stepped up his preparations for attack. Soon, Wu and Wei indeed went to war again."

"In the third year of Huangchu (222 AD), Emperor Wen of Wei, Cao Pi, came to Wancheng and ordered Xiahou Shang to lead the troops to besiege Jiangling together with Cao Zhen."

"The general of the Eastern Wu, Zhuge Jin, and the army of Xiahou Shang were facing each other across the river. Zhuge Jin led his troops across the river to a small island in the middle of the river and dispersed the navy on the nearby river surface."

"Xiahou Shang used many small boats at night to transport more than 10,000 infantry and cavalry, and quietly crossed the river from the lower reaches to attack Zhuge Jin's troops, burning their boats. He defeated Zhuge Jin's army by attacking them from both land and sea."

"Although the Wei army won many victories in the peripheral battles during its attack on Jiangling, it encountered many difficulties in the siege battles." "Because of the protracted battle, the Wei army suffered heavy casualties."

"Plus, there was an epidemic in Jiangling at the time, so Xiahou Shang was forced to withdraw his troops."

"This battle lasted for more than six months and brought great disaster to the Jiangbei area of ​​Sun Wu's Nanjun."

"The people suffered heavy casualties and were displaced, and farmland was abandoned and could no longer be cultivated."

"Many people who survived the disaster chose to migrate to the south bank of the Yangtze River to avoid the war."

"Afterwards, he was given an additional 600 households, making a total of 1,900 households. He was granted the fake Huangyue and promoted to the governor of Jingzhou."

"Jingzhou was a desolate and barren land, bordering ethnic minorities and separated from the Wu State by the Han River. Most of the original residents lived in the Jiangnan area."

"After Xiahou Shang captured Shangyong, he used it as a passage to advance westward for more than 700 miles. Mountain people and ethnic minorities all came to him for help. In the fifth and sixth years of Huangchu, thousands of households surrendered to him and became his allies."

"In the fifth year of Huangchu (224 AD), Xiahou Shang was renamed Marquis of Changling Township."

"Xiahou Shang has a concubine who is very favored. Her favor far exceeds that of his wife."

"Xiahou Shang's original wife was a princess of the Cao family, so Emperor Wen of Wei, Cao Pi, sent someone to kill the concubine."

"Xiahou Shang was very sad when he found out, and he became confused and fell seriously ill."

"After Xiahou Shang buried his concubine, he couldn't help missing her and dug her out of the tomb."

"Emperor Wen of Wei, Cao Pi, was very angry when he heard this and said that Du Xi's contempt for Xiahou Shang was indeed justified, but because he was an old minister, his favor towards him remained the same."

"In the sixth year of Huangchu (225 AD), Xiahou Shang returned to the capital due to illness. Emperor Wen Cao Pi visited him many times, holding his hand and shedding tears. Xiahou Shang died and was given the posthumous title of Daohou."

"Xiahou Shang's son Xiahou Xuan inherited his title. Emperor Wen of Wei granted Xiahou Shang's family a fief of 300 households and gave Xiahou Shang's younger brother's son Xiahou Feng the title of Guannei Hou."

"In April of the seventh year of Huangchu (226 AD), Xiahou Shang died of illness."

"The relationship between him, whose courtesy name was Boren, and Cao Pi was exactly as Wang Dao recorded in the book. I did not kill Boren, but Boren died because of me."

"Emperor Wen of Wei, Cao Pi, issued an edict to mourn Xiahou Shang. He had served me since he was a teenager. Although we were of different surnames, we were as close as blood. I had long regarded him as my confidant and served him as my lackey."

"He was very intelligent and resourceful, but unfortunately he died young. What can we do about it?"

"They were as close as family, open-hearted, and wise, but unfortunately they died young."

"Such sad and regretful words even remind people of Cao Cao's remembrance of Guo Jia."

"In the fourth year of Zhengshi (243 AD), Xiahou Shang was enshrined in Cao Cao's temple. He was posthumously named Daohou."

Su Shi: When talking about the famous generals of the Three Kingdoms, most people admire Guan Yu's loyalty and bravery, Zhang Liao's courage, but few people know Xiahou Shang
He was not only the General of the Southern Expedition who pacified Jingzhou and defeated the Eastern Wu, but also the "most infatuated man in the Three Kingdoms" who died of depression due to the death of his concubine.

Xiahou Shang came from a prominent family and his family was closely connected with the Cao Wei regime.

He was the cousin of General Xiahou Yuan, the General who Conquers the West. He had been friends with Cao Pi since childhood and the two were as close as brothers.

When Cao Cao pacified Jizhou, Xiahou Shang had already emerged and led cavalry to fight in all directions. Later, he followed Cao Zhang on the expedition to Wuhuan and quelled the rebellion in Dai County, becoming one of the best generals of the new generation of Cao Wei.

After Cao Pi became emperor, Xiahou Shang was entrusted with the important task of guarding Jingzhou.

Facing the threat from Shu Han in Shangyong (now Zhushan, Hubei), he proposed the strategy of "taking the enemy by surprise and winning with surprising forces". He led his army to raid Shu, pacified three counties and nine counties in one fell swoop, forced the Shu general Meng Da to surrender, and completely thwarted Shu Han's Northern Expedition.

This battle not only consolidated Cao Wei's southern border, but was also praised by later generations as "a classic battle on the hidden front of the Three Kingdoms."

The Eastern Wu rebelled, and Zhuge Jin led a large army to invade Jingzhou.

Xiahou Shang attacked the Wu army's water camp with fireboats at night, advancing both by land and sea, burning countless warships and defeating Zhuge Jin.

This battle demonstrated his extraordinary tactical dispatching ability, and even Cao Pi exclaimed: "If Jingzhou is safe, the whole world will be safe!"

If it were only based on his military achievements, Xiahou Shang might have been just an ordinary general in history books.

What really made him famous in history was a thrilling love tragedy.

Xiahou Shang's legal wife was the Lady of Deyang, a member of the Cao clan. This marriage was intended to consolidate the political alliance between Cao Wei and the Xiahou clan.

However, Xiahou Shang fell deeply in love with an unknown concubine and even neglected his wife.

When Cao Pi learned about this, he was furious - in his opinion, this was not only a trampling on the Cao family's reputation, but also a challenge to the relationship between the monarch and his subjects.

In order to maintain the dignity of the imperial power, Cao Pi sent people to sneak into Jingzhou and strangled Xiahou Shang's concubine with a white silk.

He was in a trance and even dug up his concubine's grave just to see her remains one last time.

A year after his concubine died, Xiahou Shang became terminally ill.

Cao Pi visited him in person, held his hand and cried bitterly in regret, but it was too late to change the situation.

This famous general, who was only in his forties, died suddenly and was posthumously named "Dao Hou" - the word "Dao" fully describes his tragic life.

Xiahou Shang's story has sparked controversy for thousands of years. Some people praised him for his "love as strong as gold", while others mocked him for "putting personal interests above public interest".

In the Cao Wei Dynasty, where aristocratic families abound, Xiahou Shang's marriage was destined to be a bargaining chip for power.

His obsession with his concubine was actually a rebellion against fate.

What he pursues is not only love, but also the sincerity that is rare in troubled times. (End of this chapter)