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Jia Chong (217 AD - 282 AD), whose courtesy name was Gonglu, was a native of Xiangling County, Pingyang Prefecture (now Xiangfen County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province). He was an official during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. He participated in planning the Sima family's usurpation of Wei and was a founding hero of the Western Jin Dynasty.

Jia Chong was the son of Jia Kui, a senior official of the Cao Wei Dynasty. During the Cao Wei period, he served as Sima of the General's Office and Tingwei, and was a close confidant of the Sima family.

In the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Cao Wei (260 AD), Jia Chong ordered General Cheng Ji to kill Emperor Cao Mao of Wei and participated in the plot to replace Wei with Jin.

In December of the second year of the Xianxi reign of the Cao Wei Dynasty (February 266 AD), Sima Yan forced Emperor Yuan of Wei, Cao Huan, to abdicate and ascended the throne as Emperor Wu of Jin, establishing the Jin Dynasty.

Jia Chong was credited with supporting the enthronement of the Jin emperor and was successively promoted to the posts of General of Chariots and Cavalry, Palace Attendant, and Minister of the Secretariat. He was deeply favored by Emperor Wu of Jin, Sima Yan. Later, he was successively promoted to the posts of Sikong and Taiwei, and was granted the title of Duke of Lu.

"From the first year of Xianxi (264 AD) to the third year of Taishi (267 AD), Jia Chong, under the order of Sima Zhao, took the lead in compiling the Jin Code."

"In the fifth year of Emperor Wu of Jin's reign (279 AD), Jia Chong was appointed as the Grand Commander, given the Yellow Axe, and led the army to destroy the State of Wu, thus ending the Three Kingdoms period."

"In April of the third year of Emperor Wu of Jin's reign (282 AD), Jia Chong died at the age of . After his death, he was posthumously awarded the title of Grand Chancellor and the posthumous title of Duke Wu."

"Tang Dynasty Prime Minister Fang Xuanling summarized the evaluation of historians in the Book of Jin, believing that Jia Chong was essentially a flatterer with mediocre talents, who only gained power temporarily because of his attachment to the Sima family. Jia Chong rebelled against the emperor and shirked the responsibility of attacking Wu. He was a sinner to both the Wei and Jin dynasties."

"Wang Fuzhi, a thinker in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, believed that Jia Chong prevented the invasion of Wu because it was Yang Hu who proposed it,"

"Du Yu's advancement cannot be regarded as his primary achievement; and Jia Chong's own ambitions are quite deep."

"Jia Chong's father, Jia Kui, served as the governor of Yuzhou during the Cao Wei period and was granted the title of Marquis of Yangliting."

"Jia Kui gave birth to Jia Chong in his later years. When Jia Chong was young, Jia Kui died and Jia Chong inherited his father's title."

"When Jia Chong came of age, he entered the officialdom and was appointed as Shangshu Lang. Later, he was promoted to Huangmen Shilang and Jijun Diannong Zhonglangjiang."

"In the second year of the Zhengyuan reign of the Cao Wei Dynasty (255 AD), Jia Chong served as a military officer in the General's Office."

"In the same year, General Zhendong Guanqiu Jian and Governor of Yangzhou Wenqin rebelled in Shouchun (now Shou County, Anhui Province) and led their troops westward to Xiang County (now the western suburbs of Huaidian Hui Town, Shenqiu County, Henan Province). Jia Chong followed General Sima Shi to lead the army to suppress the rebellion."

"When Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin were defeated, Sima Shi happened to be seriously ill and returned to Xuchang ahead of schedule, leaving Jia Chong behind to supervise the military affairs."

"After the rebellion was quelled, Jia Chong was given an additional 350 households for his meritorious service and was highly valued by the Sima family."

"After Sima Shi died of illness, his brother Sima Zhao succeeded him as the general and continued to run the government. He appointed Jia Chong as the general's office Sima, and later transferred him to the position of right chief secretary."

"Sima Zhao had just taken over the government, and he was worried that the generals stationed in the four directions might have objections."

"In the second year of the Ganlu reign of Cao Wei (257 AD), Sima Zhao sent Jia Chong to Huainan to visit Zhuge Dan, using the opportunity of attacking Wu as an excuse to spy on his intentions."

"Jia Chong discussed current affairs with Zhuge Dan, and once tentatively said that everyone in the world now hoped that the Emperor of Wei would abdicate, and asked Zhuge Dan for his opinion."

"Zhuge Dan immediately refuted Jia Chong, saying that as the son of Jia Kui, a minister of Cao Wei, Jia Chong had received great favors from Wei for generations, so how could he help others plot against the country?"

"Zhuge Dan said that if Luoyang was in trouble, he would die for his country."

"After hearing this, Jia Chong remained silent. After returning to Luoyang, he reported to Sima Zhao that if Zhuge Dan continued to guard Yangzhou, his reputation would grow and he would surely attract people to serve him. "

"Looking at his plan now, he will definitely rebel in the future. Jia Chong also suggested to Sima Zhao that Zhuge Dan would rebel sooner or later."

"It is better to summon him back to the court as soon as possible to reduce the influence of his rebellion. If we wait for him to become powerful, he will definitely become a disaster."

"Sima Zhao followed Jia Chong's advice. In May of the same year, Sima Zhao summoned Zhuge Dan back to the court to serve as Minister of Works. As expected, Zhuge Dan raised an army in Shouchun (now Shou County, Huainan, Anhui) and rebelled."

"Jia Chong also followed Sima Zhao to fight against Zhuge Dan. He gave Sima Zhao advice, suggesting digging trenches and building high fortifications to keep the rebels at bay. Sima Zhao followed his advice, and the army captured Shouchun City."

"After Sima Zhao returned to Luoyang, he asked Jia Chong to take care of the aftermath. Because Jia Chong had made a great contribution, after returning to Luoyang, Sima Zhao promoted him to the title of Marquis of Xuanyang and increased his fief by 1,000 households."

Li Bai: Jia Chong was later promoted to the position of Chief Justice. He was good at law and was known for redressing unjust imprisonment.

In May of the first year of Jingyuan in Cao Wei (260 AD), Emperor Cao Mao of Wei was dissatisfied with Sima Zhao's monopoly of power, and personally led the palace guards and servants to the prime minister's residence to attack Sima Zhao. Jia Chong led his troops to fight at the southern gate of the prime minister's residence.

Cao Mao rushed forward with a sword in hand, and Jia Chong's subordinates were afraid and did not dare to fight him.

At this time, the prince's servant Cheng Ji asked Jia Chong what he should do. Jia Chong answered without hesitation that the general was keeping you alive for today, so there was nothing to hesitate about.

Cheng Ji then took the order, stepped forward with a spear in hand, and killed Cao Mao, the Emperor of Wei.

When Shangshu Chen Tai found out about it, he and Taifu Sima Fu cried and wailed while lying on Cao Mao's body.

Seeing this, Sima Zhao asked Chen Tai how people in the world would view him next.

Chen Tai claimed that only by beheading Jia Chong could he apologize to the people of the world. However, Sima Zhao did not punish Jia Chong, but made Cheng Ji a scapegoat and exterminated his three clans.

In June of the same year, Cao Huan, Emperor Yuan of Wei, ascended the throne. Jia Chong was promoted to Palace Attendant, and was given the title of Marquis of Anyang, with an additional fief of 1,200 households.

In the first month of the first year of the Xianxi reign of the Cao Wei Dynasty (264 AD), General Zhenxi Zhong Hui plotted a rebellion in Chengdu. Sima Zhao ordered Jia Chong to lead the troops in Guanzhong and Longyou, to grant him the authority to garrison Hanzhong in order to suppress Zhong Hui.

Before Jia Chong took office, Zhong Hui died in a rebellion. At that time, the court affairs were complicated, and Jia Chong was involved in the planning of confidential affairs. Together with Pei Xiu, Wang Shen, Yang Hu, Xun Xu and others, he became Sima Zhao's confidant.

In March of the same year, Sima Zhao was made Duke of Jin and king, establishing the State of Jin. He ordered Jia Chong to revise the laws, awarded him a golden seal, granted him a mansion, and promoted him to the title of Marquis of Linyi, making him a founding hero of the Western Jin Dynasty.

Jia Chong was deeply favored and received special treatment from Sima Zhao, and even his salary and rewards were more generous than those of other ministers.

Sima Zhao, the Prince of Jin, once wanted to let Sima Shi's descendants inherit his legacy and pass the throne to Sima You, the Prince of Qi.

In front of Sima Zhao, Jia Chong praised Sima Yan for his magnanimity and kindness, saying that as the eldest son, he had the virtues of a king. Sima Zhao then made Sima Yan the crown prince.

In August of the following year, Sima Zhao died of illness and Sima Yan succeeded to the throne as King of Jin. Sima Yan was very grateful to Jia Chong and promoted him to General of the Guards of Jin State, Yitong Sansi, and concurrently as Jieshizhong, and changed his title to Linying Hou.

In December, Sima Yan replaced Wei with Jin and accepted the abdication of Cao Huan, the Emperor Yuan of Wei. In the third year of Taishi (267 AD), Jia Chong led the compilation of the Jin Code, which was known as the Taishi Code.
Jia Chong became a founding hero of the Western Jin Dynasty. He was successively promoted to General of Chariots and Cavalry, Palace Attendant, and Minister of the Secretariat, and was granted the title of Duke of Lu. His mother, Liu, was also granted the title of Lady Taifu of Lu because of Jia Chong.

Jia Chong also served as the Minister of the Court and the Minister of Chancellery, and presided over the government. During his administration, he developed agriculture, saved expenses, streamlined institutions, cut down on officials, and recommended talents, so many scholars attached themselves to him.

Wang Xun, the uncle of Emperor Wu of Jin, Sima Yan, once slandered Jia Chong, but Jia Chong did not hold a grudge against him. Instead, he recommended Wang Xun.

Some people secretly joined forces with other powerful officials to exclude Jia Chong, but Jia Chong did not care. However, Jia Chong did not have upright moral integrity and was good at flattering Emperor Wu of Jin, which also caused dissatisfaction among other officials.

Shizhong Ren Kai and Zhongshu Ling Yu Chun were both upright in character and were very jealous of Jia Chong.

Jia Chong's daughter became the princess consort of Sima You, the King of Qi, and everyone was even more worried that Jia Chong would become more powerful in the future.

"In the seventh year of Taishi (271 AD), the Di and Qiang tribes in the northwest region rebelled, and Emperor Wu of Jin was deeply worried."

"The Minister of the Court Ren Kai and the Minister of the Central Secretariat Yu Chun took the opportunity to suggest that a prestigious and talented minister could be sent to govern Guanzhong, and they proposed that Jia Chong was the best candidate."

"Emperor Wu of Jin accepted their advice, and the ministers who had given advice to the emperor were glad that Jia Chong had left the court."

"Jia Chong thought he was framed and fell from power, and he hated Ren Kai and others, but he could do nothing about it."

"The Palace Attendant Xun Xu, the Yueqi Commandant Feng Xun and others advised Jia Chong and helped Emperor Wu of Jin to accept his daughter Jia Nanfeng as the Crown Princess."

"Jia Chong was able to survive the crisis and continue to serve in the capital."

"In the eighth year of Taishi (272 AD), Jia Chong was promoted to Sikong, Shizhong, and Shangshu Ling, and assisted the government together with Shizhong Ren Kai."

"Jia Chong was still resentful of Ren Kai's recommendation to Emperor Wu of Jin to govern Guanzhong, so he tried every means to exclude Ren Kai and try to take control of the government. Then the two men clashed."

"For a time, the court ministers each had their own affiliations and were divided into two opposing factions."

"When Emperor Wu of Jin learned about it, he summoned the two men to a banquet and pointed out that ministers should be harmonious, but he downplayed the matter and did not make any accusations."

"Therefore, although Jia Chong and Ren Kai respected each other on the surface, their resentment towards each other had not been resolved."

"Jia Chong later deliberately recommended Ren Kai as the Minister of Personnel, so that his chances of meeting Emperor Wu of Jin gradually decreased."

"Then he took the opportunity to join forces with Xun Xu, Feng Xun and others to make suggestions to Emperor Wu of Jin, who eventually deposed Ren Kai. Jia Chong thus got rid of a major threat."

"In the second year of Xianning (276 AD), Yang Hu submitted a petition requesting an expedition against the State of Wu."

"Emperor Wu of Jin had originally accepted his opinion, but Jia Chong joined forces with Xun Xu, Feng Xun and others to strongly oppose it, causing the plan to attack Wu to be shelved."

"Soon after, Jia Chong was promoted to Grand Commandant, Grand Tutor of the Crown Prince, and Recorder of the Secretariat."

"In the third year of Xianning (277 AD), there was a solar eclipse. Jia Chong requested to give up his position, but was not granted permission by Emperor Wu of Jin.

"Soon after, Emperor Wu of Jin added Gongqiu County of Pei State to Jia Chong's fiefdom, and showed him even more favor. All the ministers in the court were awed by this."

"In the fifth year of Xianning (279 AD), Wang Jun and Du Yu successively submitted petitions requesting to attack Wu. They argued with reason and received support from Zhang Hua. Emperor Wu of Jin finally made up his mind."

"Jia Chong and his companions were only afraid of a victory in the war against Wu. They themselves had no merit and were still stubbornly opposed to the war against Wu. As a result, they angered Emperor Wu of Jin, and Jia Chong had to kowtow and apologize."

"In November of the same year, Emperor Wu of Jin sent General Zhenjun Sima Yi, General Andong Wang Hun, General Jianwei Wang Rong, General Pingnan Hu Fen, General Zhennan Du Yu, General Longxiang Wang Jun and others to lead an army of more than 200,000 troops to attack Wu."

"Emperor Wu of Jin appointed Jia Chong as the Grand Commander, with the imperial seal and the yellow axe as the commander-in-chief of the six armies."

"Jia Chong still insisted on his previous attitude, repeatedly stating the disadvantages of attacking Wu, and using his old age as an excuse for not going out on the expedition."

"Emperor Wu of Jin was furious and said that if Jia Chong did not go to war, he would lead the army himself;"

"Jia Chong therefore dared not disobey orders again, and accepted the imperial seal and axe, becoming the commander-in-chief of the army. He also appointed General Yang Ji as his deputy, and stationed the central army in Xiangyang."

"After Wang Jun conquered Wuchang, Jia Chong again petitioned Emperor Wu of Jin to withdraw his troops, but the emperor refused."

Su Shi: When Du Yu heard that Jia Chong had submitted a petition to withdraw his troops, he then submitted another petition to insist on attacking Wu, and he argued with him based on reason.

In March of the following year, Wang Jun led a large army to Jianye, the capital of Wu. Sun Hao, the ruler of Wu, surrendered and the Wu Kingdom was destroyed.

After pacifying the State of Wu, Jia Chong, who had always opposed the invasion of Wu, felt ashamed and afraid, and took the initiative to apologize to Emperor Wu of Jin. However, Emperor Wu of Jin not only did not pursue Jia Chong's fault, but instead appeased him with kind words.

In March of the third year of Taikang (282 AD), Jia Chong was seriously ill. He presented his seal and requested to resign from all his positions.

Emperor Wu of Jin sent his courtiers to inquire about the illness, and also sent imperial physicians to deliver medicine. He also gave him bed sheets, money and silk, showing great care for him.

The crown prince and members of the royal family also went to visit him. In April of the third year of Taikang (282 AD), Jia Chong died of illness at the age of .

Emperor Wu of Jin was extremely saddened and posthumously conferred the title of Grand Chancellor on Jia Chong. He also held a funeral for Jia Chong according to the funeral specifications of Huo Guang and King Xian of Anping, gave him one hectare of land for his burial, and offered him a sacrifice in the temple together with Shi Bao and others for his royal merits. He also posthumously named him "Wu" and posthumously conferred the title of Duke Shang of Lu on Jia Chong's son Jia Limin.

Jia Chong was a man of great generosity and far-sighted vision. He was a skilled warrior with the ability to fight against enemies and a man of foresight in governing a country. He was able to rally people's hearts with his credibility and command a great reputation overseas.

Jia Chong violated the moral code, disrupted the state laws, brought shame to the ancestors, and was also the root cause of the chaos in the court.

He believed that Jia Chong was essentially a flatterer with mediocre talents who could not handle emergencies, and that he only gained power because of his close relationship with the Sima family.

Jia Chong was guilty of treason and regicide, and also of shirking the responsibility of conquering Wu. He was a sinner in both the Wei and Jin dynasties.

It was because Jia Chong and his descendants received rewards without merit and held high positions without virtue that they suffered the disasters that followed.

When the Sima family first seized the Wei Kingdom, all the ministers in the court were old ministers of the previous dynasty, and the only confidant that the Sima family could trust was Jia Chong.

Since Jia Chong instigated Cheng Ji to rebel and kill the emperor, he has been in the same boat with the Sima family. It is for this reason that Jia Chong became an important official in the Jin Dynasty.

The Sima family of the Jin Dynasty usurped the Wei throne with the help of Jia Chong, but also lost the country because of the rebellion of Jia Chong and his descendants.

Wang Shen, Jia Chong and others were all ministers of Cao Wei, but they had the intention of usurping the throne. They proposed to replace Wei with Jin and helped Sima family usurp the power of Cao Wei. They were traitors and villains.

The reason why Jia Chong stopped the great cause of attacking Wu was that this cause was proposed by Yang Hu and promoted by Du Yu, and it could not be considered his primary contribution.

From the fact that Jia Chong married his daughter to the foolish prince, we can see that he hid his ambitions very deeply. (End of this chapter)