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Sun Jian (155 AD - 192 AD), whose courtesy name was Wentai, was a native of Fuchun, Wujun (now Fuyang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang).

One of the heroes in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, he served as the prefect of Changsha and General Po Lu, and was one of the founders of the Sun Wu regime during the Three Kingdoms period.

In his early years, Sun Jian served as a county official and was brave and courageous. In the first year of the Xiping reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty (172 AD), the bandit leader Xu Chang of Kuaiji County and his son Xu Shao rebelled.
Sun Jian recruited more than a thousand soldiers and worked together with the state and county troops to quell the rebellion; Sun Jian was promoted to the position of Yandu County Magistrate, and later transferred to the positions of Xuyi County Magistrate and Xiapi County Magistrate.

In the first year of Zhongping (184 AD), the Yellow Turbans rebelled. General Zhu Jun recommended Sun Jian as the assistant military commander to help him suppress the Yellow Turbans.
Sun Jian was promoted to Sima of the Biebu Department for his meritorious service, and soon to Counselor. The bandit leader of Changsha County, Qu Xing, called himself a general and gathered more than 10,000 people to rebel. The court appointed Sun Jian as the governor of Changsha County.
Sun Jian personally led his troops to suppress the rebellion and defeated the rebels; Zhou Chao of Lingling County and Guo Shi of Guiyang County also rebelled, which were also suppressed by Sun Jian. The court praised Sun Jian's merits and conferred him the title of Marquis of Wucheng.

After Emperor Ling of Han died, Dong Zhuo seized power and became the hegemon of the state. In the first year of the Chuping reign of Emperor Xian of Han (190 AD), Sun Jian led his troops to join General Yuan Shu.

Yuan Shu recommended Sun Jian as General Breaking the Enemy and concurrently appointed him as the Governor of Yuzhou. Together with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao and others, they raised an army to attack Dong Zhuo. Sun Jian led his troops to defeat Dong Zhuo's army.

In February of the same year, Dong Zhuo moved the capital to Chang'an, and Sun Jian led his troops to attack Luoyang and repair the tombs of the Han emperors.

In the third year of Chuping (192 AD), Yuan Shu sent Sun Jian to attack Liu Biao, the governor of Jingzhou. Sun Jian defeated Huang Zu, a general under Liu Biao, and besieged Xiangyang.
While chasing Huang Zu, Sun Jian was accidentally shot to death by a volley of arrows.

After Sun Jian's death, his eldest son Sun Ce broke away from Yuan Shu and pacified Jiangdong; his second son Sun Quan established the Sun Wu regime and proclaimed himself emperor. He posthumously named Sun Jian the Wulie Emperor, gave him the temple name of the Ancestor, and buried him in Gaoling.

People at that time had mixed opinions about Sun Jian. For example, Liu Xie, the Emperor Xian of Han, Zhu Zhi, a general of Sun Wu, Chen Shou, a historian of the Jin Dynasty, and Lu Ji, a scholar of the Jin Dynasty, praised Sun Jian for his meritorious service in suppressing the rebellion.

He was a loyal and brave minister in the fight against Dong Zhuo;

However, Emperor Ming of Wei, Cao Rui, believed that Sun Jian's looting of prefectures and counties was for selfish purposes, and Hua Tan, a minister during the Wei and Jin dynasties, believed that Sun Jian was careless in the face of the enemy, which led to his death.

Later generations such as Southern Song historian Pei Songzhi, Northern Song scholar He Qufei, Southern Song scholar Hong Mai, Southern Song historian Xiao Chang, and late Ming and early Qing scholar Wang Fuzhi all believed that Sun Jian raised an army to attack Dong Zhuo.
He worked hard to support the country and was a loyal minister of the Han Dynasty.

However, Northern Song Dynasty scholar Chao Buzhi and Southern Song Dynasty scholar Wang Yinglin both believed that Sun Jian underestimated the enemy and advanced rashly, which led to his death and failure, and that he lacked the demeanor of a king.

Sun Jian was a native of Fuchun, Wu County (now Fuyang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang). It is said that he was a descendant of Sun Wu, the "military sage" of the Spring and Autumn Period. In his early years, he served as an official in the county government.

When Sun Jian was seventeen years old, he and his father sailed to Qiantang County (now in Hangzhou, Zhejiang).
The pirates were robbing merchants in the area and were dividing the spoils on the shore. Merchants stopped and their ships dared not move forward. Sun Jian told his father that he could fight against these pirates.

He asked his father to let him attack. His father dissuaded him, but Sun Jian immediately went ashore with his sword in hand, directing with his hands as if he was deploying soldiers to surround the pirates.

The pirates thought the soldiers were coming to arrest them, so they left their property behind and fled. Sun Jian chased them, cut off the head of one pirate, and then returned.

His father was greatly surprised, and Sun Jian became famous because of this, and the county government appointed him as acting county lieutenant.

In the first year of the Xiping reign of Emperor Ling of the Han Dynasty (172 AD), Xu Chang, the leader of the Kuaiji County bandits, rebelled in Juzhang County (today's southeast of Yuyao City, Zhejiang Province).

He called himself Emperor Yangming, and together with his son Xu Shao, he encouraged the people of all counties to rebel, gathering tens of thousands of people. In the third year of Xiping (174 AD), Sun Jian, as the military commander of the county government, gathered more than a thousand elite warriors.
Together with the state and county troops, they went to fight the rebels and work together to put down the rebellion.

The governor of Yangzhou, Zang Min, reported the army's meritorious service to the court, and the court issued an edict appointing Sun Jian as the magistrate of Yandu County. A few years later, he was transferred to Xuyi County, and later to Xiapi County.

In the first year of Zhongping (184 AD), Zhang Jue, the leader of the Yellow Turban Army, started an uprising in Wei County, pretending to have received instructions from the gods to send eight messengers to teach the people the Way of Taiping.
However, they secretly colluded with each other, calling themselves "Huang Tian Tai Ping" and plotting rebellion. In March of the same year, the rebels in 36 Yellow Turban strongholds suddenly launched an action.

People all over the country responded; the Yellow Turbans set fire to county and prefecture governments and killed local officials. The court sent General Huangfu Song and General Zhu Jun to lead troops to suppress the rebellion.

He submitted a petition requesting that Sun Jian be appointed as Assistant Military Commander to assist him in suppressing the Yellow Turban Rebellion.

At that time, the young men from the same hometown who followed Sun Jian in Xiapi County were willing to continue to follow him. Sun Jian recruited warriors from various merchants.

He also recruited soldiers in the Huaishui and Sishui areas, and obtained more than a thousand men. Sun Jian led his troops to join forces with Zhu Jun and fought hard against the Yellow Turban Army.
The rebels could not be stopped, and the Yellow Turbans in the Rushui and Yingshui areas were forced to flee to Wancheng (now in Nanyang City, Henan Province) and defend it.

Sun Jian led his troops to attack the city wall first, and then the main force arrived and defeated the rebels. Zhu Jun reported the battle situation to the court, and Sun Jian was promoted to Sima of the other department for his merits.

Previously, Bian Zhang and Han Sui rebelled in Liang Province, and the court sent General Zhonglang Dong Zhuo to lead an army to suppress them, but they returned without success.

The imperial court sent Minister of Works Zhang Wen to act as General of Chariots and Cavalry and lead a large army to the west to attack Bian Zhang and his men. Zhang Wen submitted a petition requesting that Sun Jian be sent as his military advisor.

The army was stationed in Chang'an. Zhang Wen took out the emperor's edict to summon Dong Zhuo, but Dong Zhuo took a long time to come to see Zhang Wen. Zhang Wen accused Dong Zhuo of being negligent.

Dong Zhuo's response was very disrespectful. Sun Jian, who was sitting there at the time, walked up to Zhang Wen and whispered in his ear, suggesting that he should kill Dong Zhuo for not being punctual when summoned.

Zhang Wen believed that Dong Zhuo had always been very powerful in Xiliang. If he was killed, the army would have no support in Xiliang. Sun Jian advised again.
Sun Jian believed that Zhang Wen should lead the army to the west and did not need to rely on Dong Zhuo. Sun Jian listed three crimes of Dong Zhuo: one was contempt for his superiors.
The second was that he did not do his best to suppress the rebels, and the third was that he delayed in responding to the call and was arrogant. Sun Jian also took Sima Rangju
Using the examples of beheading Zhuang Jia and Wei Jiang executing Yang Gan, Sun Jian suggested that Zhang Wen kill Dong Zhuo to establish his authority. Zhang Wen still did not act, so Sun Jian had to get up and leave. When Bian Zhang, Han Sui and others heard that the imperial army was coming to attack them, their subordinates fled and asked to surrender.

After the army withdrew, the court officials discussed that the army did not engage in combat with the enemy, so no rewards would be given.

However, when the court officials heard that Sun Jian had listed three crimes of Dong Zhuo and repeatedly advised Zhang Wen to kill Dong Zhuo, they all praised him, so the court appointed Sun Jian as a counselor.

In October of the fourth year of Zhongping (187 AD), Qu Xing, the bandit leader of Changsha County, proclaimed himself a general, gathered more than people in rebellion, and attacked cities everywhere.

The court appointed Sun Jian as the governor of Changsha County. After Sun Jian took office, he determined the strategic plan to suppress the rebellion and personally led his soldiers to fight for a month.
The rebels were defeated. Zhou Chao also rebelled in Lingling County, and Guo Shi rebelled in Guiyang County, echoing Qu Xing. Sun Jian led his troops across the borders of the counties to fight against them.

He put down the rebellion and restored order in the three counties of Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang. The court praised Sun Jian for his merits and conferred him the title of Marquis of Wucheng.

After Emperor Ling of Han died, Dong Zhuo became a monopolistic ruler and acted arbitrarily in the capital.

Han Fu, governor of Jizhou, Yuan Shao, governor of Bohai, Zhang Miao, governor of Chenliu, Cao Cao, general of the Fenwu Army, and others all raised their armies to attack Dong Zhuo and nominated Yuan Shao as their leader.

Sun Jian also raised troops in Changsha to respond. Wang Rui, the governor of Jingzhou, had always been rude to Sun Jian. When Sun Jian led his troops through, he
Sun Jian led his troops to Nanyang (now Nanyang City, Henan Province), with tens of thousands of troops under his command. When Zhang Zi, the governor of Nanyang Prefecture, heard about the arrival of the army,
Sun Jian treated Zhang Zi as if nothing had happened and did not take it seriously. He gave Zhang Zi cattle and wine as gifts. The next day, Zhang Zi returned the favor with gifts. Sun Jian served wine to entertain Zhang Zi.
When the wine was half drunk, the chief clerk of Changsha came in and told Sun Jian that he had sent a letter to Nanyang County to ask them to prepare to welcome the army, but now the road was not repaired.

The army had not prepared any food or supplies, so they suggested arresting the Nanyang County Chief Clerk and asking him to punish him. Zhang Zi was terrified and wanted to leave, but he was surrounded by soldiers guarding him.
Soon, the chief clerk came to report that the governor of Nanyang County had deliberately delayed military intelligence and should be executed. Sun Jian immediately dragged Zhang Zi to the gate of the military camp and beheaded him. The officials and people in Nanyang County were terrified and dared not neglect Sun Jian's request again.

Sun Jian led his army to Luyang (now Lushan County, Henan Province) and met with General Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu presented a memorial to the court, recommending Sun Jian as General Breaking the Enemy and concurrently the Governor of Yuzhou.

Sun Jian stationed in Luyang City and trained his soldiers. When he was about to march to attack Dong Zhuo, Sun Jian sent his chief historian Gong Chou Cheng to
He led the officials of Yuzhou to Yuzhou to urge the transportation of military rations. Sun Jian set up a tent outside the east gate of Luyang City and held a farewell banquet for Gongchou Cheng, and all his officials came to the banquet.

Unexpectedly, Dong Zhuo sent his generals Hu Zhen and Lu Bu to lead tens of thousands of infantry and cavalry to attack, and the vanguard of light cavalry arrived at the city of Luyang first.

Sun Jian was still drinking and joking after hearing this, and at the same time ordered his soldiers to reorganize the team and not to act rashly. Seeing the enemy's cavalry approaching from the rear,
As the enemy gathered more and more, Sun Jian ended the banquet and ordered the guards to enter the city. Sun Jian told his subordinates that the reason he did not get up and enter the city immediately was
They were afraid that the soldiers would trample on each other and cause chaos. Dong Zhuo's soldiers saw that Sun Jian's army was very well-organized and did not dare to attack the city, so they had to retreat.

Sun Jian led his army to the east of Liang County and stationed there, but was attacked massively by Dong Zhuo's army. Sun Jian was defeated and broke out with only dozens of cavalrymen.

Sun Jian usually wore a red felt hat, so he took off his hat and let his trusted general Zu Mao wear it. Dong Zhuo's cavalry rushed to catch up with Zu Mao.

Sun Jian was able to escape through a small path. Zu Mao was chased to a dead end and had no choice but to dismount and hang his red felt hat on a burnt wooden pillar in the middle of the cemetery.
Then he hid in the bushes. When Dong Zhuo's cavalry saw it, they surrounded the wooden pillar in several layers. When they approached, they found that it was just a piece of wooden pillar, so they turned around and left.
After Sun Jian escaped, he gathered his scattered soldiers and assembled his army. He fought a fierce battle with the enemy at Yangren (now west of Linru, Henan Province) and defeated them.

He killed Hua Xiong and other generals of Dong Zhuo. At this time, someone spoke ill of Sun Jian in front of Yuan Shu, alienating the two. Yuan Shu suspected Sun Jian and stopped sending him military rations.

Yangren was more than a hundred miles away from Yuan Shu's base in Luyang (now Lushan County, Henan Province). Sun Jian rode on horseback to meet Yuan Shu overnight and explained the situation by gesturing on the ground.

Sun Jian complained that he had no hatred against Dong Zhuo, and that he charged into battle fearlessly, yet was instead suspected by Yuan Shu. Yuan Shu became uneasy after hearing what he said, and immediately dispatched military rations, so Sun Jian immediately returned to his base.

Dong Zhuo was afraid of Sun Jian's bravery, so he sent his general Li Jue and others to seek peace, and asked Sun Jian to list relatives and sons who could serve as provincial governors and county magistrates.

They agreed to submit a petition to the court and appoint all of them as officials. Sun Jian believed that Dong Zhuo was violating the will of heaven and committing treason, and resolutely refused to reconcile. Sun Jian then led his troops to advance to Dagu Pass.
It was only ninety miles away from Luoyang. Dong Zhuo had no choice but to order the capital to move westward to Hangu Pass and set fire to Luoyang.
He repaired the tombs of the former emperors of the Han Dynasty and filled in the pits of the tombs dug by Dong Zhuo. After completing these tasks, Sun Jian led his troops back and stationed in Luyang (now Lushan County, Henan Province).

In the third year of Chuping (192 AD), Yuan Shu sent Sun Jian to lead an army to attack Jingzhou and attack Liu Biao, the governor of Jingzhou. Liu Biao ordered his general Huang Zu to lead an army to meet the enemy between Fancheng and Dengxian.

Sun Jian defeated Huang Zu's army, pursued them across the Han River, and surrounded Xiangyang City. Sun Jian pursued Huang Zu and rode alone to Xian Mountain (to the south of Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province).
As a result, he was shot to death by Huang Zu's soldiers. Huan Jie, a native of Changsha, had been recommended by Sun Jian as a filial and honest official in his early years. He took the risk to visit Liu Biao and asked him to handle Sun Jian's funeral. Liu Biao admired his righteous act and agreed.

After Sun Jian's death, his brother Sun Qiang's son Sun Ben led his subordinates to submit to Yuan Shu, who then recommended Sun Ben as the governor of Yuzhou.

Later, Sun Jian's eldest son Sun Ce broke away from Yuan Shu and led his army to pacify Jiangdong. After Sun Ce's death, Sun Jian's second son Sun Quan established the Sun Wu regime and proclaimed himself emperor. He posthumously named Sun Jian the Wulie Emperor, gave him the temple name of the Ancestor, and buried him in Gaoling.

People at that time had mixed opinions about Sun Jian. Emperor Xian of Han, Liu Xie, praised Sun Jian for his contribution in suppressing the rebellion.

Dong Zhuo, a powerful official in the Eastern Han Dynasty, believed that Sun Jian was good at employing people; Zhu Zhi, a general of the Wu Kingdom, commented that Sun Jian raised an army to fight against Dong Zhuo, and that "his reputation was the best in China, and the righteous men were inspired by him."
Chen Shou, a historian of the Jin Dynasty, commented that Sun Jian was "brave, sincere and resolute" and once advised Zhang Wen to kill Dong Zhuo, "having a loyal and heroic spirit";
Both Gongsun Zan, a warlord in the late Han Dynasty, and Lu Ji, a scholar in the Jin Dynasty, believed that Sun Jian remained loyal and brave during the chaotic times in the late Han Dynasty, raised troops for the court to quell rebellions, attack Dong Zhuo, and stabilize the ancestral temple, and could be regarded as a loyal minister.

However, Emperor Ming of Wei, Cao Rui, believed that Sun Jian "plundered prefectures and counties and became a group of villains", and later Sun Ce and Sun Quan established their own states in Jiangdong and harbored rebellious intentions;
Hua Tan, a minister during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, believed that although Sun Jian was praised by his contemporaries and made great contributions in the campaign against Dong Zhuo, he was careless when attacking Xiangyang and was eventually shot and killed by the enemy.

Pei Songzhi, a historian of the Southern Song Dynasty, commented: Sun Jian had the most loyal reputation among the generals who led the uprising against Dong Zhuo. If he had obtained the imperial seal of the Han Dynasty,