The six-dimensional pictures of emperors of all dynasties were exposed, and the ancestors panicked

Chapter 691: Treaty of Nerchinsk

On the canopy.

They sat on both sides of the long table.

The Qing Dynasty officials had no expression on their faces.

The Rakshasa official sitting opposite him said a lot of gibberish.

Then, the Western missionary standing behind the Qing official lowered his head and whispered:

"Lord Suo, the other party demands that the Heilongjiang River be used as the border between the two countries."

The Qing Dynasty official said calmly:
"Tell him that the area around the Heilongjiang River and even the land on the left bank of the Selenge River in the west has always been the land of our Great Qing, and the residents have been paying tribute every year."

"They should return the cities of Nerchinsk, Yaksa and all their territories to the Qing Dynasty."

The Western missionary nodded, straightened his body, and expressed his meaning to the Rakshasa official.

The official on the other side frowned and spoke in an anxious and impatient tone.

The Western missionary also frowned when he heard this, then lowered his head and said:
"He said, what evidence does the Qing have to prove that the area east of Nerchinsk is Qing territory? If there is no evidence, it is meaningless."

The Qing Dynasty official's eyes condensed and he said in a deep voice:
"If they insist on Selengaska and Nerchinsk, we can give them up, but we can trade with them, but we cannot station troops there."

The missionaries translated it and passed back the meaning of the Rakshasa officials.

"Sir, he said the two countries should be separated by the Amur River."

As soon as he finished speaking, the Qing Dynasty official slammed the table and stood up, knocking over the chair with a "bang".

Then he turned around and left.

He opened the curtain and strode away.

A voice came from outside the curtain.

"Tell him to prepare the city defense!"

……

[In July of the 1689th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi (), the two sides met in Nerchinsk.]

[The Qing representative was Suo Etu, the Minister of the Imperial Guard, who brought about 10,000 soldiers and followers as support.]

[The Russian representative was Army General Golovin, who led only 1,500 soldiers.]

[Peter the Great once secretly ordered Guruhu: "Yaksa may be ceded to China, but the right to trade cannot be given up."]

【At the same time, Kangxi also secretly ordered Soetu: "Nerchinsk can be ceded to Russia when necessary, but China and Russia must at least use the Ergun River as the boundary, and all the tributaries of the Heilongjiang River should belong to China."】

……

{There is a story behind this, which is also the reason that eventually led to the division of the Treaty of Nerchinsk.}
{After the Qing army lifted the siege of Yaksa, the Russian side repeatedly delayed, deliberately making the Qing court anxious, in order to increase its bargaining chips in the negotiations.}
{It was only a year and a half later that Golovin sent Stepan Korovin to Beijing to tell Kangxi that the negotiation site would be in Selenge.}
{Kangxi agreed, and in March of the 27th year, Suo Etu and others went to negotiate.}
Before leaving, Kangxi said to Soetu: "The Russians invaded our borders, occupied our Nerchinsk, Yaksa and other places, took in our traitor Gentemur, and built a city on the bank of the Heilongjiang River. We sent troops twice to force them to negotiate. Nerchinsk, Yaksa, and the entire Heilongjiang River are our territories, and we must not give up even an inch of land to the Russians. Gentemur and others must be returned by the Russians. As long as they return them, we will also return their captives. After the border is demarcated, the people on the border can be allowed to trade freely."
{Suo Etu and his men set out in May and arrived at the Kerulen River in late July, where they met Galdan.}
{At that time, Galdan had already defeated the Khalkha tribe of Mongolia and dominated the grassland.}
{The road ahead of Soetu and others was blocked, and Kangxi asked them to return to Beijing temporarily. The Qing court asked the vanguard general Solohi to go to Selenge to tell them the reason for the blockage and suggested that the Russian side send representatives to Beijing to renegotiate the place and time of the negotiations.}
{In April of the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Golovin again sent an envoy to Beijing, proposing to hold negotiations in Nerchinsk.}
{It was at this time that Galdan conquered the entire Khalkha territory, his power gradually grew, and he secretly colluded with Tsarist Russia and prepared to move south.}
{Due to the change in the situation, Kangxi and Suo Etu changed their minds and set the bottom line at the Ergun River, so that they could free up their hands to deal with Galdan as soon as possible.}
……

Tang Xuanzong Period
"No more to say."

Li Longji twisted his beard and said thoughtfully:

"Isn't Kangxi's bottom line too low?"

"If you compare them, you got beaten for nothing, right?"

Li Mi pointed at the territory in the sky with an expressionless face.

Just on the right side of Heilongjiang River, the three words "Galdan" were expanding rapidly.

"Judging from this trend, Kangxi only needs to maintain the original border line."

"After all, Galdan's expansion speed is too fast."

Li Longji glanced at the sky.

"I just feel a little sorry."

"Open up new territories..."

Who can resist the temptation of these four words?
Don’t worry about whether the land will be useful after it is conquered!

Who knows when our descendants will come into use of it in the future?

"such a pity."

……

[On the seventh day of the seventh month, the location was set in an open space near the river in Nerchinsk, and the negotiation site was a tent set up outside the city.]

[The principle of negotiation is equality. Neither party can put itself above the other. Envoys from both countries can bring 300 guards with them. The guards can only bring cold weapons, not firearms.]

[Outside the venue, both sides can deploy 500 guards. ]

[In addition to Suo Etu, Tong Guogang, Ma La, Sabsu, Lang Tan and others, the Chinese delegation also included two Western missionaries, Zhang Cheng and Xu Risheng, who were responsible for translation.]

[The Russian representatives are Golovin, Vlasov and Kornitsky. ]

[The Russian representative insisted that the Heilongjiang River should be the border between the two countries.]

[The Qing representatives disagreed, and the two sides were deadlocked. At one point, the situation became tense. Tsarist Russia sent an additional 300 artillerymen, and Soetu also took measures to prepare to encircle Nerchinsk.]

……

The period of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty
Liu Qi looked at the sky, not knowing what he was thinking about, and suddenly let out a long sigh.

"The first is to attack the enemy, then the second is to attack the enemy, the second is to attack the army, and the third is to attack the city."

"But looking at the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, attacking diplomatic relations was actually a continuation of attacking cities."

"The Qing Dynasty was able to counterattack Yaksa because the Qing army won both battles of Yaksa."

"If Kangxi hadn't won the war, how could he have set a bottom line..."

Little Liu Che looked at his father who suddenly became depressed, and knew that he was thinking about the Huns across the street again.

"Father! Don't worry!"

"Leave everything to my son!"

"My son will beat the Xiongnu so badly that even his mother won't be able to recognize him!"

Liu Qi looked at the chubby little Liu Che and felt relieved. The child had grown up and knew how to care about his parents' emotions.

"And father, just be at ease and be the emperor! See how your son captures the Chanyu and presents him to the Imperial Ancestral Temple!"

Uh-huh???!
Liu Qi suddenly realized something was wrong!
What emperor?!
You kid want to rebel!
wrong……

You want to capture the Chanyu? ! !
Little Liu Che was so happy that he danced with joy. He picked up the wine cup and put it down, then picked up the pottery jar and put it down, and said to Liu Qi, "I'm so happy!

"Father, what are you looking for?"

"Che'er, can you help me find it?"

Liu Qi took off his shoes, weighed them, nodded with satisfaction, and smiled at little Liu Che:
"Don't worry, my son. Just look at what's in the sky."

Little Liu Che turned his head and looked at the sky.

Liu Qi's expression changed instantly! He raised his shoes high!
Queen Wang on the side covered her face and refused to look.

“Ah!!!! Father!!!”

In the Weiyang Palace.

The birds flew away in fright.

……

[Although the Russian Empire was stubborn, the Qing Dynasty had already made concessions and its army was ready. In addition, the ethnic minorities in the Nerchinsk area had long been unable to endure the oppression of the Tsar and were ready to unite with the Qing army to jointly resist the Russian Empire.]

[The Russian army in Nerchinsk was not strong to begin with, and there were no troops in Siberia to support it. If the Qing army was forced to go to extremes, it would likely cause unrest in the entire colony east of Lake Baikal. Golovin did not want to take that risk.]

[On July 23, after repeated consultations, China and Russia finally signed the Treaty of Nerchinsk]

[According to the treaty, the eastern section of the border between China and Russia is bounded by the Xing'an Mountains to the sea, the Kerbichi River and the Ergun River.]

[The city of Yaksa was demolished, and the Russian soldiers and civilians in the city moved back to Russia.]

[People living in the two countries, except those in Yaxica, are allowed to stay and do not need to be sent back to their home countries.]

[From now on, people holding "current checks" (passports) will not be restricted from trade. As for those who cross the border to hunt, rob, or kill people, they will be arrested and severely punished by local officials.]

[Both sides built a permanent boundary marker at the border. After the treaty was signed, the border between China and Russia remained unchanged for 150 years.]

[The Qing court considered this a great victory in the history of Chinese diplomacy. The Russian court also considered this a great victory in the history of Russian diplomacy.]

……

{The Sino-Russian Treaty of Nerchinsk was the first treaty signed between China and Russia.}
{The official text is a Latin text signed and sealed by the representatives of both parties, with a total of six articles.}
{There are also Manchu and Russian texts, neither of which is an official text, but the contents of the three texts are similar.}
{Is this a humiliating treaty?}

{It's hard to say. From today's point of view, he definitely ceded land. After all, those lands were once part of the Qing Dynasty.}
{Nerchinsk and Lake Baikal are both Chinese territories. The problem is that in terms of actual territorial control, these places are in the hands of the Mongolian Desert. In name, they are Chinese territories, but in reality, they are controlled by the Mongolian Desert, but in reality, they are in Russia.}
{So Soetu proposed from the beginning that the Lena River was the boundary and Lake Baikal also belonged to China.}
{Goloven was not to be outdone, claiming that "the Baikal Lake area has been the Tsar's land since ancient times" and that the Heilongjiang River was the boundary for dividing the land.}
{In fact, Russia did occupy the Baikal Lake area earlier than the Qing Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty made territorial claims because it believed that the Qing emperor was also the Khan of Mongolia, and Buryatia was part of the Mongolian desert.}
{After the Treaty of Nerchinsk, Emperor Kangxi conquered Galdan three times and incorporated Khalkha Mongolia into the territory of the Qing Dynasty, which made it possible for the Qing Dynasty and Russia to negotiate again.}
{Then in 1724, Catherine I sent negotiators, and the secret stipulation given to the negotiators was that the border demarcation with China should be based on the Siberian map drawn by the Russian side, and Russia could not give up the Baikal region, Udinsk, Selensky and Nerchinsk. In other words, Russia did not intend to give up any land.}
{In fact, the Qing Dynasty did not have much desire for the Baikal Lake area. After all, the Qing Dynasty's biggest concern was the Dzungar Khanate.}
{In the fifth year of Yongzheng's reign, Russia and the Qing Dynasty signed the Treaty of Kyakhta, which demarcated the border between the two countries in the Mongolian region. The Qing Dynasty recognized that the Buryat Mongols belonged to Russia, and Russia recognized that the Kharkov Mongols belonged to China.}
{At this point, the Qing Dynasty completely gave up its claim to the land around Lake Baikal.}
{So in terms of the essence at that time, the Treaty of Nerchinsk should be an equal treaty.}
{The Chinese and Russian representatives conducted negotiations within the scope designated in advance by their respective governments, and neither side imposed its will on the other.}
｛Even some Soviet books later said: "The Nerchinsk negotiations were formal and equal negotiations" and "the treaty consolidated and expanded the harmonious relations between the two peoples." ｝
{In fact, the reason why this treaty is considered to be an unequal treaty that humiliates the country is that the Maomingan nomadic land has not been recovered so far.}
{But to be honest, the Treaty of Nerchinsk was concluded on the basis of maintaining a fair and just principle, which prevented further aggression by Tsarist Russia, ensured the peaceful life of border residents, and consolidated the northern border.}
{More importantly, given the situation at the time, only after the signing of the Treaty of Nerchinsk could Kangxi free up his hands to fully suppress Galdan's rebellion of splitting China. Otherwise, he would have to fight on two fronts.}
……

Song Zhenzong period
"no!"

Zhao Heng was anxious!

"Why does he do that?"

Who can't understand this? The implication is that there is nothing that can be done about it, and it is understandable!
"Then why should my Chanyuan Alliance be criticized?"

"I have also promoted a hundred years of peace!"

Liu E said helplessly:
"They ceded the land as quickly as possible as a last resort."

Zhao Heng was even more dissatisfied!

He raised his hands to the sky and shouted:
"I am helpless too!"

"What Galdan does he have? I still have the Tanguts over there! And there's also a coward like Wang Chao!"

"I'm no harder than him!"

Liu E held her forehead and said:
"Maybe there's a compensation missing."

Zhao Heng choked and his face suddenly turned red.

"What compensation? I didn't send anyone there... I asked the three departments to send people to Xiongzhou for delivery!"

Then came a series of incomprehensible words like "Thinking of the heavy troubles faced by the people of Hebei"

What is "to help the army with the local conditions and to make up for the shortfall with gold and silk."

……

Ming Dynasty, Yongle period.

Zhu Di looked at the standard territory map and his face did not look very good.

That Lake Baikal has not been in the hands of the Central Plains since the Yuan Dynasty.

Moreover, that area was originally a world of nomadic herding and fishing and hunting.

Just because you've been there doesn't mean you can control it.

Everything still depends on the use of force.

……

Qing Dynasty Yongzheng Period
I don’t know whether others are losing money or not.

Yongzheng felt that he had suffered a great loss!
"Ugh……"

Endless sorrow turned into a long sigh.

In exchange for Tsarist Russia's neutrality in the Qing-Zungarian War, China made a lot of concessions on border issues.

Tsarist Russia did abide by the treaty...

The problem is that the battle was not won... Hetongbo lost miserably...

"Military...diplomatic..."

Yongzheng lowered his eyes and sighed again.

……

(End of this chapter)