The six-dimensional pictures of emperors of all dynasties were exposed, and the ancestors panicked

Chapter 767 Daoguang: Leading the army in person? Who? Me?
【Emperor Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty·Daoguang】

[Military achievements: pacified Zhang Geer, safeguarded national unity and territorial integrity, and maintained peace and stability in the northwest border.]

[Opium War, signing of treaty, loss of Hong Kong and Macau. ]

[Evaluation C level, 2 points]

……

{Temple name: Xuanzong, final posthumous title: Emperor Cheng}
……

Western Han Dynasty - Emperor Cheng
Liu Ao released little Liu Xiu's hand and rescued his gorgeous beard.

He raised his chin and said to Zhao Hede:

"Is he scolding me?"

Zhao Hede leaned on the imperial desk with her chin in one hand.

With one hand, he poked little Liu Xiu's chubby butt with his fingertips.

"It's not certain who is scolding whom."

Liu Ao was stunned for a moment, then became furious!
"I am not as good as him?!"

Zhao Hede looked at little Liu Xiu's hand slapping towards her and immediately pulled her hand back.

After seeing the little thing take his hand away, he continued to poke and said:

"After all, Daoguang also put down the rebellion in the Western Regions."

"Even though Wenzhi can't see anything, he still does something."

"He is indeed a king who maintains the status quo."

"But the environment has changed. We should not defend it in such a big change."

"But...it has no control over whether it wants to defend or not."

"As for your majesty..."

Liu Ao waited for a long time.

"Gone?!"

"talk!"

……

｛In fact, there are two points worth thinking about regarding the failure of the Qing Dynasty.｝
{First, was the Qing Dynasty's defeat in the Opium War inevitable or accidental?}

{Secondly, does the main historical responsibility for the failure of the Opium War lie with Emperor Daoguang?}
……

Datang.

“These are two good questions!”

Li Shimin looked at everyone.

"What do you think?"

Wei Zheng was the first to speak:

"It is true that England was more advanced at the time, while the Qing Dynasty was economically backward, with corrupt officials and dilapidated military equipment."

"If you fall behind, you will be beaten. This sentence is concise and to the point."

"But specific analysis is still needed for specific events."

"The Opium War, from both strategic and tactical perspectives."

"From a strategic point of view, the Qing Dynasty had a population of 400 million during the reign of Emperor Daoguang, which was like a great country."

"England traveled across the ocean and made a long-distance attack, using movement to counter stillness and labor to counter leisure. The Qing Dynasty could have defeated England."

"From a military perspective, England attacked, while the Qing dynasty defended. Britain had fewer soldiers, while the Qing army had more. The British army was too far behind, while the Qing army was fighting on its home turf."

"From the perspective of public opinion, England was the aggressor and the Qing dynasty was the anti-aggressor, and they had certain public support."

“That’s the strategic aspect.”

"And from a tactical point of view..."

Wei Zheng shook his head.

The Qing Dynasty's tactics compared with England's can only be described in four words.

It's a mess.

Fang Xuanling and others agreed very much.

"As for responsibility."

"Daoguang was in charge of pacification, and there was an incident where Lin Zexu was dismissed."

"Daoguang was in charge of suppression, and there was the incident of Yishan and Yijing."

"It goes without saying."

……

{Let me put it this way. Emperor Daoguang once asked, "Is there a land route from England to the various tribes in Xinjiang?"}
{This is a common sense issue that was already clear during the reign of Emperor Kangxi.}
{Daoguang knew nothing about Western politics, economy, military and geography, but he was ignorant and fearless, and he still looked down upon Britain's powerful ships and guns!}

{If only he had the spirit of Nurhaci who personally commanded the Battle of Sarhu, the will of Huang Taiji who personally commanded the Battle of Songjin despite his illness, and the courage of Kangxi who personally led the three expeditions against Galdan!}

{If he led the army in person and mobilized the people of the country to "serve the king", and waited for the invading army to land in Dagu, Tianjin, and then annihilated them, this war would definitely not be lost, and of course there would be no shame of the "Nanjing Treaty".}
{…Who do you think he is? Li Erfeng?}

……

Qing Dynasty, Daoguang Period
Daoguang blinked and pointed at his nose in disbelief.

"The emperor is going to conquer it personally?"

"Who?"

"I?"

Are you kidding!
but……

Daoguang thought of those treaties again.

How can I face my ancestors...

"have a look."

See how Yi Ning is doing.

Even if he is just a king who maintains the status quo.

Daoguang gritted his teeth.

Then I did it too!
……

【Institutional construction: reform the grain transport and salt administration, and lift the ban on mining. 】

[In the fourth year of Daoguang's reign (1824), the high weirs in the south of the Yangtze River overflowed, and too much clear water was released. The river from Gaobao to Qingjiangpu was shallow and blocked, and ships could not sail smoothly, and the grain transport was once again tense.]

[Some people petitioned to divert the Yellow River into the canal and build more dams, but in the end, the Yellow River water carried a lot of silt and accumulated on the riverbed, so the canal boats were still unable to pass. ]

【Emperor Daoguang was determined to eliminate the long-standing malpractices in the grain transport system and effectively solve the grain transport problem.】

[From the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, the method of sea transportation was effective. It was also tried during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty.]

【Later, some court officials and clerks in charge of the grain transport opposed it on the grounds of wind and waves and "pirates", so it was never implemented.】

【Emperor Daoguang expressed his own views when his court officials said, "Some said it could be tried, while others said it was absolutely not feasible, and there was no definite opinion yet."】

……

On the canopy.

Daoguang pointed to the river on the territory map and said to his ministers:

"Jiangsu, Song, Chang, Zhen, Zhejiang Hangzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou and other prefectures are located on the coast of the sea. Merchant ships load goods and sail to the North Sea, unload and sell them at the ports of Shandong, Zhili and Fengtian. In a year, they are open to the wind and travel back and forth several times."

"It seems that the sea route is not necessarily unfeasible. We order the Liangjiang Governor Wei Yuanhao, the Grain Transport Governor Yan Jian, the Jiangsu Governor Zhang Shicheng, the Zhejiang Governor Huang Mingjie and others to take into account the situation in their respective places."

"Consult widely, make comprehensive plans, and think carefully without prejudice."

"Plan all matters related to sea transportation carefully."

The ministers looked at each other secretly.

……

[However, these officials were unwilling to bear the risk of shipping, and all believed that shipping was difficult to implement, so they still advocated the use of the method of "diverting the Yellow River to transport" and Panba to transport.]

[The result of this method was that it not only failed to fundamentally solve the problem of water transport, but also wasted a lot of money. ]

[In June of the fifth year of Emperor Daoguang's reign (1825), Emperor Daoguang dismissed, demoted, or transferred Grand Secretary Sun Yuting, who had obstructed sea transportation and failed to come up with a solution for grain transport, as well as relevant local officials in Jiangsu and Zhejiang.]

[Qi Shan was appointed as the Governor-General of Liangjiang, and Tao Shu, the governor of Anhui Province who was full of reform spirit and outstanding political achievements, was appointed as the governor of Jiangsu Province, and they were ordered to make practical arrangements for sea transportation.]

【Then he submitted a memorial advocating the transportation of grain by sea.】

……

The Yuan Dynasty: Emperor Shundi
"Does this even need to be mentioned?"

Huan Temur watched Daoguang arguing with his ministers and really couldn't understand it.

Just like he didn't understand why the Ming Dynasty emperor refused to open the sea.

Tuotuo didn't understand either.

"Our dynasty has a vast territory and a large population. We rely on grain from the southeast to supply the capital, and we regard the Han, Tang, and Song dynasties as more important."

"He was a wise man who pioneered the sea transportation and followed the ancient way of tribute. His contribution is immeasurable." "Why don't you want to open the sea?"

The sixteen-year-old Zhu Chongba looked at the two people staring at him and scratched his head in naivety.

"We don't know either."

Huan Temur and Tuotuo looked at each other.

Tuotuo smiled and patted Zhu Chongba on the shoulder, saying:

"The doctor said your father has woken up."

"Go back and have a look."

Zhu Yuanzhang still nodded naively, saluted awkwardly, and then left.

"You said he..."

Huan Temur wanted to say something but stopped himself.

Tuotuo stroked his beard and was speechless for a moment.

At the beginning, the intention was to eliminate the trouble permanently.

But after looking at the Ming and Qing dynasties, this problem doesn't seem to be a big deal.

……

Ming Dynasty Yongle Period
"Don't say anything else."

Zhu Di drank a mouthful of hot soup and grimaced:
"The Yuan Dynasty's navigation technology, the efficiency and economy of sea transportation were far superior to river transportation."

“But why abandon sea transport and adopt river transport?”

"Because it oppresses the people of the whole country with the power of a conqueror."

"It sacrificed many innocent lives and caused immeasurable disaster to the Jianghuai region."

“But we also have to acknowledge that shipping is beneficial to the economies of the north and south.”

Zhu Zhanji's eyelids twitched when he heard this.

"Grandpa...you don't want my dad to open a shipping business, do you?"

"He won't agree to it."

Zhu Di looked at Zhu Zhanji as if he were a fool.

"Why can't you think straight?"

“Does it matter whether he agrees or not?”

"It's over if we both agree!"

The corners of Zhu Zhanji's mouth twitched.

Zhu Di looked him up and down and said in a long voice:
"You don't want Ming Dynasty to remain poor forever, do you?"

"You don't want to always hear your father say that he has no money, do you?"

"You don't need the Renxuan Reign to be a flash in the pan, do you?"

"You don't want to be just a little Xuanzong, do you?"

"You don't want to either..."

Zhu Zhanji pulled Zhu Di's sleeve and said sincerely:

"Grandpa, I agree!"

Zhu Di snorted lightly, then sighed:

"But it is also because the canal is gradually being dredged that we decided to use the canal instead of sea transportation to become the main artery for transporting grain from the south to the north."

"The canal has become the only north-south transportation lifeline to ensure the normal operation of the court, but this lifeline is related to many uncertain factors."

"We thought, we can't just hop on one leg, we still have to walk on two legs."

“Maritime transport must be reopened.”

……

Emperor Daoguang agreed to the trial and set up a Maritime Administration in Shanghai, which was managed by officials sent from Jiangsu, and a branch office in Tianjin, which was inspected and accepted by officials sent by the court.

[After the shipping plan was finalized, Tao Shu went to Shanghai to supervise it.]

[On the first day of February in the sixth year of Daoguang (1826), the first batch of sea transport ships, loaded with more than dan of imperial rice, set sail.]

[The ship sailed from Wusongkou, headed east to the ocean to Sheshan, north to Tiechashan, passed Chengshan, turned west to Zhifu Island, and slightly north to Tianjin, a total water distance of more than 4,000 miles.]

[Emperor Daoguang sent important officials of the court to Tianjin to inspect the rice. The rice was bright and clean, and the transportation time was shortened and the shipping cost was low. ]

【After this, the grain continued to be transported by sea.】

[By the beginning of June, all the grain transported to Jiangnan had been completed.]

……

{The transportation of grain by sea was an event no less significant than the Opium War.}
{Looking at the development of shipping maps during the Ming and Qing dynasties, we find that the rise and fall of shipping is closely related to the important historical event of the shipping of grain.}
{It can be said that the rise and fall of the three dynasties' maritime transport is a microcosm of the rise and fall of the grain transport by sea.}
{During the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the political and economic centers were separated in the north and south, and the normal operation of the capital required the transfer of large amounts of grain from the south of the Yangtze River.}
{So starting from the Yuan Dynasty, the issue of transporting grain to the north accompanied the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.}
{According to the "Sea Road Classic" and "Guangyutu", in the 21st year of the Yuan Dynasty, Prime Minister Bayan suggested opening sea transportation to transport grain. Zhu Qing and Zhang Xuan were given the title of Wanhu and were ordered to transport 35,000 dan of grain to the north.}
{According to the "Yuan History·Food and Goods Records", the sea route in the early Yuan Dynasty started from Liujiagang, went out to the sea at Wanli Changtan, went north along the coastline, passed through Yancheng County and Donghai County, and reached Chengshan.}
{The exploration of sea transportation of grain in the early Yuan Dynasty linked the political center with the economic center. Sea transportation gradually flourished in the Yuan Dynasty and became the lifeblood of the country.}
{The Ming Dynasty established its capital in Nanjing in the early years, eliminating the pressure of grain transport caused by the separation of the political and economic centers in the north and south. However, the Northern Yuan Dynasty retreating to the desert brought huge military pressure along the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty.}
{Whether the grain can be transported to the north smoothly is related to whether the northern border of the Ming Dynasty can maintain long-term stability.}
{Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang inherited the tradition of shipping grain from the Yuan Dynasty and used the old shipping routes of the Yuan Dynasty to transport grain to the north.}
｛Based on the Yuan Dynasty's sea transportation, a sea transportation channel to Liaodong was added to solve the problem of food for the soldiers stationed in Liaodong.｝
{As the farming in the north began to show results during the Hongwu period, the military significance of transporting grain to the north was gradually replaced. Maritime transport then began to decline.}
……

Ming dynasty.

"By sea..."

Zhu Yuanzhang understood what Tianmu’s descendants meant.

This ties maritime transportation to the rise and fall of the Ming and Qing dynasties.

After all, you are still blaming me!

"A group of people, it's easy to talk while standing!"

Zhu Yuanzhang put one foot on the chair, rested his elbow on his knee, and sneered:
"The Yuan Dynasty was the first time in Chinese history that the capital of a unified dynasty was located on the northern edge of the North China Plain. The difficulty of transporting grain from distant places such as Jiangnan to the capital was unprecedented."

"The cost of shipping grain by sea is lower than that of shipping by river. With favorable winds, a grain ship from the south of the Yangtze River can reach Zhigu in ten days."

“The distance is shortened, the freight is reduced, the transportation time is saved, and the efficiency is greatly improved.”

"It takes less than ten days or half a month to reach all the capitals, and the work is completed at the turn of spring and summer, and we return in late autumn. We put in little effort but achieve great results."

"At first glance, it is true that the people do not have to work hard to transport the goods, and the country has the wealth of savings."

“It can be called a good law for this generation.”

Zhu Biao poured Zhu Yuanzhang a cup of tea.

Old Zhu looked at his reflection in the tea.

The man with gray hair on his temples looked angry.

He couldn't help but sigh, and said with a relieved look:
"But this is from the perspective of the Yuan Emperor."

“But what is the cost to people of such efficient grain transportation?”

“What does high efficiency mean to the maritime citizens who bear its responsibilities?”

"For the people who undertake the labor of shipping, sea voyage is fatal."

"In addition to dealing with the frequent pirate raids, we also had to contend with bad weather and diseases associated with sea voyages."

"In order to ensure the stable operation of the sea transportation of grain, the Yuan court registered the sea transportation people into an independent household registration, called the sea boat households. The boat households undertook sea transportation labor for the Yuan Empire. This was forced labor."

"The Yuan court was insatiable in its desire to transport grain by sea, and it forced seafarers to ship grain at inappropriate seasons, artificially creating shipwrecks."

"There are many people who have died in the sea..."

……

{In the late Ming Dynasty, in the early years of the Wanli reign and the 12th year of the Chongzhen reign, small-scale trials of shipping were successful. However, due to the long absence from large-scale shipping, the foundation for restoring shipping had long been exhausted. Whether it was technology, personnel, funds, or even the political environment, it was impossible to support large-scale shipping.}
{The early Qing Dynasty continued the Ming Dynasty's maritime ban policy, and people have always been concerned about shipping grain by sea.}
{In the 39th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi, due to the siltation of the Grand Canal, Emperor Kangxi hoped to "use sand ships to carry grain from the Yangtze River to the sea, to the mouth of the Yellow River, and then transport it to Zhonghe River, so that it would not be far to transport it by sea." However, due to opposition from court officials, sea transportation was not realized. }
{During the Yongzheng period, when disaster struck North China, Liaodong was allowed to provide relief to Shandong and other places by sea. During the Qianlong period, sea transport was also tried but later abolished.}
{During the Jiaqing and Daoguang years, the Yellow River encroached on the grain transport, and the various drawbacks of river transport became increasingly prominent. The cost of river management increased year by year, forcing the court to reconsider the issue of sea transport.}
{Emperor Jiaqing ordered a trial of sea transportation. However, due to too much resistance and fierce debate between the two factions of sea transportation and sea ban, the sea transportation issue was shelved again.}
{Since the relaxation of the maritime ban policy during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, a private maritime trade market gradually took shape, objectively laying the foundation for the opening of maritime transport during the reign of Emperor Daoguang.}
{It was a wise move for Emperor Daoguang to implement the sea transportation of grain, but later, due to opposition from various conservative forces, he was unable to persist in implementing it.}
{Politics is really about talent. The education level of the Qing Dynasty princes was rigorous, but it could only guarantee the lower limit, not the upper limit.}
{Political machines like Qianlong's are innate, but sometimes there is nothing you can do if you don't have the luck.}
{For a regime that is inherited through bloodline, maintaining a minimum is already very impressive.}
……

Tang Xuanzong Period
Li Longji twirled his beard and said with a smile:
"Aba aba aa, aba aba ababa!"

Yang Yuhuan puffed out her cheeks and looked at Gao Lishi while chewing something.

Gao Lishi bowed slightly and said:

"Your Majesty said that what's more important is how you handle the task."

"Those mediocre emperors are not necessarily incompetent."

"Just taking over the world is already on the verge of collapse."

“Not everyone is like me.”

"Turning the tide!"

Li Longji nodded slightly, and then waited for praise.

Yang Yuhuan clapped her hands and exclaimed:
“It’s amazing every time I watch it.”

"General Gao is indeed amazing!"

Li Longji: ...

"Axi..."

Gao Lishi looked at his nose with his eyes and at his heart with his nose, motionless like a puppet.

Yang Yuhuan narrowed her eyes.

“That doesn’t seem like a good thing to say, does it?”

……

(End of this chapter)