The six-dimensional pictures of emperors of all dynasties were exposed, and the ancestors panicked

Chapter 797: Sino-French New Treaty - Treaty of Hue
【The Sino-French War was caused by France's invasion of Vietnam.】

[In 1858, the French Far East Fleet bombarded the Vietnamese port of Toulon.]

[In 1860, France forced the Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnam to sign the Treaty of Saigon, which ceded territory, paid compensation, and allowed missionary work and trade.]

[In 1867, France established the "Cochinchina" colonial regime in six provinces in southern Vietnam and set up a governor's office to govern.]

[After that, French forces continued to infiltrate northern Vietnam and began to focus on the Lancang River and Red River waterways that could lead to China's Yunnan region.]

[In November 1873, the French army advanced northward and captured Hanoi, Haiyang and other places. The Nguyen Dynasty had to seek help from Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army stationed in Baosheng area on the Sino-Vietnamese border.]

……

{Why Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army was so good at fighting? Because the Black Flag Army's martial arts chief coach was Huang Feihong!}
{real or fake? ｝

{True, but it was only in name only, and a year later Huang Feihong resigned from his position as a martial arts instructor in the army.}
{To be honest, the Black Flag Army could beat the French Army to the point of raising the white flag in close combat, and they could evenly fight the Chinese, who were known as the best hand-to-hand combatants in Asia. If their weapons were not outdated and their supplies were not seized by the Qing government, they could have won more battles.}
{To be honest, after seeing so many things that hinder others, I can no longer feel angry when I see this kind of situation. I only feel endless sadness.}
……

The period of Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty
Liu Fuling was holding a bamboo slip and happened to see a sentence from "Zhuangzi".

“There is no greater sorrow than the death of one’s heart, and the death of one’s body is second only to that.”

"Although it's not a hit, it's not far off."

Huo Guang stood still like a rock and said calmly:
"If the upper and lower levels cannot be of one mind, the people cannot be of one mind."

"A taboo in governing a country."

"It doesn't matter whether you are strict or lenient."

“Everyone should put ambition first.”

The bamboo slips in Liu Fuling's hand gently tapped against his palm.

He intended to take back power from the beginning.

But at this moment he had other ideas.

The family knows their own affairs.

You want him to dominate the court like his father did, don't say it's inappropriate now.

Neither can he.

But the so-called yin and yang are called Tao, and the alternation of tension and relaxation is the way of civil and martial arts.

There are people in the court who are capable of Yang and Chi.

It's the person in front of him.

Liu Fuling looked at Huo Guang.

Huo Guang also accepted the gaze calmly.

"The general is a sentimental man."

Liu Fuling smiled and sighed:
"But the general should not ruin his reputation after his death because of a momentary emotion."

"There's nothing wrong with being Emperor Liu."

A hint of emotion flashed across Huo Guang's eyes.

Emperor Liu Houzhu and Zhuge Liang.

Treat him as your father.

"As a minister, I will devote my life to this cause until my death!"

Liu Fuling looked at Huo Guang who was kneeling on the ground and kowtowing, and smiled meaningfully.

……

In the sky, black flags fluttered in the air.

The seven golden stars are twinkling.

The flags gradually dimmed, and a battlefield filled with smoke appeared.

……

[The Black Flag Army was originally a branch of the Tiandihui's anti-Qing armed forces. They retreated into Vietnam because they were defeated by the Qing army and opened up the mountains and forests there to gather people for farming and grazing.]

[The Black Flag Army killed the French general An Ye in Hanoi, but was unable to save the situation.]

[In April 1874, Vietnam was forced to sign the Second Treaty of Saigon to open the Red River waterway to France, and France officially became a protectorate of Vietnam.]

[In 1875, France notified the Qing court of the above changes and asked the Qing court to stop the activities of the "Chinese gang" in Vietnam and open a trading port in Yunnan to connect to the Red River waterway.]

【At this time, the British translator Margary was killed, and Britain attempted to use this incident to expand its interests in China. The Zongli Yamen was negotiating with Britain on the "Margary incident" at this time. It did not want to be hostile to France at the same time, but it was also unwilling to give up Vietnam's status as a suzerain state, so Prince Gong Yixin replied to France:】

【Vietnam has been a vassal state of China since ancient times and has long been accustomed to accepting China's protection. Yunnan is currently unable to open up to trade. As for the "Chinese party members" Black Flag Army active in Vietnam, they are not under the jurisdiction of the Qing court, but are invited by the King of Vietnam.】

[The Nguyen regime in Vietnam was also unwilling to see France interfere in its internal affairs, foreign affairs, and even military affairs, and once tried to introduce Spanish power to balance France. After failing, the Nguyen regime placed its hopes on the Qing Empire.]

[In 1876 and 1880, Vietnam ignored the provisions of the Second Saigon Treaty and continued to send tribute envoys to Beijing.]

【The Qing court instructed Zeng Jize, the minister to Britain and France, to go to Paris and, in the name of Vietnam’s suzerain state, question the French government on the Vietnam issue.】

[The French government was unwilling to negotiate with the Qing court and replied that this was a matter between France and Vietnam and there was no need to explain anything to the Qing court.]

……

Datang.

Li Shimin stroked his beard and pondered for a long time, then sighed:
"This matter... is indeed tricky."

Fang Xuanling also frowned and said in a deep voice:

"Common sense suggests that the imperial court should provide assistance to Vietnam."

"France has already occupied the fertile land in southern Vietnam, and the next step is likely to be to annex the entire territory of Vietnam."

"Vietnam borders China and its waterways are accessible to foreign ships."

"This means that it will take only ten days to reach Yunnan from Haikou, Vietnam."

"This is a matter concerning China's overall situation."

"If the imperial court clearly tells Vietnam not to turn to France, then Vietnam will turn to the imperial court for help in everything. The Qing dynasty has limited power and will sooner or later be unable to continue."

"If the French army were to attack Vietnam from all sides and Vietnam had no power to resist, it would still ask the Qing dynasty for help, but it is hard to say whether the Qing dynasty actually had any way to deal with France."

Wei Zheng thought for a moment and said:

"We must fight."

"Vietnam is under a tributary system with China at its core. Formally, it has a master-servant relationship with the emperor."

"If the Qing Dynasty wanted to maintain order in the Central Plains, it could not just stand by and watch this situation."

"The problem with the Qing dynasty was that it was unable to do what it had to do."

Everyone listened quietly.

Li Chengqian thought of the helplessness of one person and three others at the end of the Tang Dynasty.

"You still have to become stronger yourself."

……

Ming dynasty.

"We should formulate a plan to help Vietnam as soon as possible, otherwise its demise is imminent."

Zhu Yuanzhang sat on a chair with his horse and sword in his hands, discussing the situation with his wife and children.

"If Vietnam dies, China's Yunnan and Guangxi will lose their barrier, and border troubles will be endless."

"The imperial court's desire to rely on a black flag army is not a long-term solution."

"First, helping Vietnam is a legitimate thing to do. If the navy is already formed, we should mobilize the army to head straight to Hue, cut off the coastal defenses in the north, and attack Saigon in the south."

"But it looks like..."

Zhu Yuanzhang smashed it and decided not to discuss the matter for the time being.

"Since our current strength does not allow this, we can only use courtesy before force and report France's various acts of aggression against Vietnam to all countries."

"If France can return to the negotiating table, that would be great, but otherwise we will have no choice but to resort to war."

Zhu Biao shook his head and said:
"Using barbarians to control barbarians and using conflicts between countries to resolve problems is a good method."

"But there is no chance that France will return to the negotiating table."

"It's impossible to give up the benefits you've earned so easily."

"We still have to fight."

……

Qing Dynasty and Qianlong period
"We must fight."

He Shen bowed with a serious face and said:
"But we must delegate power to the generals on the front lines and not hesitate to fight or make peace."

“Don’t get inflated by a small victory, and don’t get panicked by a small defeat.”

"Be calm and composed, and be prepared for the war to last at least a year."

"France has sent troops on a long expedition, while our Qing dynasty is well-rested and has the advantage of a protracted war."

Qianlong had a dark face.

Doesn't he know?
he knows!
The key point is that the damn Tongzhi didn’t respond at all!

If the profile picture hadn't been still lit, he would have thought that person was dead!

And there is Xianfeng!
He subconsciously clicked on the portrait of Emperor Xianfeng again.

"Qianlong patted Xianfeng"

Don’t speak either!

It really makes me angry... huh?

Qianlong was just thinking about something when he suddenly noticed that the avatar of "Tongzhi" in the chat group was flickering.

Then after a burst of violent flashes.

It was completely dark.

Qianlong:......

And at this time.

"Emperor Tianqi: Why do we have to kill one more?"

"Dead?"

"This body won't do!"

"Hongli, your secret method of maintaining good health should be left to your Aixinjueluo family."

"This will kill everyone who is useless."

"How miserable."

Qianlong's eyes were red and he clenched his teeth.

"Zhu! You! Principal!"

These three words left the ministers confused.

Emperor Tianqi?

If we have to recite something, it should be Emperor Chongzhen, right?

He is the one who is giving blind orders.

...big man.

Liu Bang laughed loudly.

Lu Zhi looked at him strangely.

"What's so funny about this?"

Liu Bang whispered in his ear.

When Lu Zhi heard this, her face twisted.

After a long while, he managed to utter a word.

"It's a pity that I can't see it with my own eyes..."

Liu Bang's laughter paused for a moment.

Then he laughed even louder!

……

[In March 1882, France used the excuse that the Vietnamese government was unable to expel the Black Flag Army and dispatched troops to control Hanoi in the name of "doing the job on behalf of the government". In addition to continuing to strengthen the military deployment in the Sino-Vietnamese border area and continuing to order Zeng Jize to negotiate with the French government as the suzerain of Vietnam, the Qing court also asked Li Hongzhang to negotiate with the French ambassador to China, Bao Hai.]

[In December, Li Hongzhang and Bao Hai reached a memorandum, the core content of which was that China agreed to withdraw the Black Flag Army, France promised not to invade Vietnamese territory and not to harm Vietnam's sovereignty, and the two countries jointly guaranteed Vietnam's independence. ]

【China allowed France to trade in Yunnan via the Red River.】

[However, this memorandum failed to be upgraded to a legally binding document because both the French government and the Qing court were unwilling to agree to it.]

[In France, the cabinet was very enthusiastic about expanding colonies and was determined to compete with Britain in colonization. In May 1883, the parliament passed a military budget of 5 million francs for the expedition to Vietnam.]

[In the Qing court, the main force of the pro-war faction was the military ministers, local governors and governors-general, and the Qingliu censors. Local governors and governors-general included Liu Kunyi, the Minister of Nanyang, Liu Changyou, the Governor-General of Yunnan and Guizhou, Qing Yu, the Governor-General of Guangxi, Zhang Shusheng, the Governor-General of Guangdong and Guangxi, Zuo Zongtang, Peng Yulin, Zeng Guoquan, Liu Mingchuan, Tang Jingsong, etc.]

[The Qingliu censors include Li Hongzao, Zhang Zhidong, Zhang Peilun, Chen Baochen, Zhou Derun, Huang Tifang, Sheng Yu, etc.]

【The peace advocates included Guangdong Governor Yu Kuan, Beiyang Minister Li Hongzhang, Yunnan Provincial Governor Tang Jiong, Zongli Yamen Zhang Jing Zhou Jiamei, and former Minister to Britain and France Guo Songtao who was unemployed at home.】

……

During the Song Dynasty and Renzong Period
“It’s better to let Vietnam take care of itself.”

A red-robed official stated his opinion:

"There is no need for China to intervene. Going to war with France may disrupt the overall trade of all countries. It may be difficult to stop once it starts, and it may lead to a series of disasters. It seems not worth it."

An official nearby retorted:

"Vietnam has been controlled by the Central Plains since the Qin and Han dynasties. How can we not easily give it up to others? Besides, how do we know that the barbarians are not Xiang Gong dancing with a sword, aiming at Pei Gong?"

A purple-robed official not far away said:

"I feel that the Qing navy is no match for the French navy."

"Even if the Yunnan and Guangxi armies could fight the French army due to their numerical superiority and familiarity with the mountainous environment, they were still inferior to the French in terms of weapons and equipment."

“And if we send troops abroad to fight, we will waste the energy of three provinces just to defend Vietnam’s territory.”

"It is really of no benefit at all, and may even bring unexpected danger to the country."

Zhao Zhen looked at the wine glass in front of him and listened to the official's speech.

It refers to Fa and Yue on the outside and Liao and Xia on the inside.

The emperor listened to the chaotic sounds in the courtyard and had only one thought in his mind.

Why hasn’t Fan Zhongyan arrived in the capital yet?
……

[In May 1883, the Black Flag Army fought with more than 5 French troops who controlled Hanoi, and the French general Li Weili was killed.]

[In July, Vietnamese King Nguyen Phuc Thi died, and the power struggle at the top of the Vietnamese government got out of control.]

【The French army took the opportunity to invade the north under the command of the commander of the Far East Fleet, Courbet, and arrived at the city of Hue.】

[On August 8, Vietnam signed the First Treaty of Hue with France without any bargaining, declaring that "Vietnam recognizes and accepts French protection, and France manages all relations of the Vietnamese government with foreign countries, including relations with China."]

【Vietnam's diplomacy and military have since been completely controlled by France.】

[On December 1883, 12, the French army launched an attack on the Chinese army stationed in northern Vietnam by land and sea.]

[The Sino-French War officially breaks out. ]

……

On the canopy.

The little emperor looked like a puppet as he looked at his ministers below.

Behind the curtain is a shadow.

The ministers knelt on the ground and listened to the eunuch's shrill voice.

……

[In December 1883, the Qing army and the Black Flag Army were defeated by the French army, and subsequently lost important positions such as Bac Ninh and Taiyuan.]

[The censors in the court submitted memorials demanding severe punishment for the defeated generals and sending senior officials to the frontline battlefield to manage military affairs.]

[Afterwards, frontline generals such as Xu Yanxu, Tang Jiong, Huang Guilan, and Zhao Wo were dismissed and questioned, and Huang Guilan committed suicide by taking poison.]

[The entire team of military ministers headed by Prince Gong Yixin were dismissed, and the Qing court entered an era when Empress Dowager Cixi held all the power. ]

……

The picture on the sky curtain turned and then split into two parts, left and right.

One is a naval battle on the southeast coast.

One is a land battle on the border between Guangxi and Vietnam.

Four white regular script characters appeared on the sky.

Battle of Majiang

The white regular script gradually faded away, and the sound of continuous artillery fire was heard.

Amid the sound of gunfire, the two large ships gradually sank.

……

[On the afternoon of August 1884, 8, the French fleet suddenly bombarded the Mawei Fort and the shipyard, launching a surprise attack on the Fujian Navy, and the Battle of Majiang broke out.]

[The warships under the command of the Fujian Navy, whether purchased or self-made, were mostly small ships for offshore defense, and they lost their ability to defend themselves when they were attacked.]

[It sank to the bottom of the sea in a very short time. ]

[In the Battle of Majiang, the Fujian Navy was almost completely destroyed, with more than 700 officers and soldiers killed. The Fuzhou Shipyard and its subordinate shipyards, which Zuo Zongtang, Shen Baozhen and others had painstakingly managed for more than ten years, as well as the Mawei Fort, were all destroyed by the French army. The total loss was estimated to have reached "100 million taels of silver."]

[Next, the French fleet, without the Qing fleet's counterbalance, marched eastward, first occupying Keelung and then blockading Taiwan.]

[Fortunately, Liu Mingchuan, a fierce general of the Huai Army under Li Hongzhang, was very strong and capable of fighting. He led the Taiwanese military and civilians to defeat the French army in Huwei (now Tamsui, Taipei), and then they were trapped and waited for help. ]

[After that, Cixi sent Zuo Zongtang and the newly formed Nanyang Navy, which had little combat experience, to rescue them. Unfortunately, the French fleet was across the Taiwan Strait and was much stronger.]

[Zuo Zongtang was a good cook who could not cook without rice. He could barely hold the coastal defense line and was unable to support Taiwan.]

[The French have captured the fortress of Penghu again, and Taiwan is about to fall. ]

……

Qing Dynasty, Guangxu Period
Guangxu looked at the sinking ships, Fusheng and Jiansheng, and slowly closed his eyes.

The week before the Battle of Majiang was my birthday.

The Fujian Navy hung up flags to celebrate this occasion.

These ships were destroyed within hours of the battle beginning.

The new world cruelly jumped into view.

……

On the canopy.

The naval battle scene fades away and is replaced by the land battle scene.

At the pass in front of Zhennan Pass, there is a long wall more than three miles long, spanning the east and west ridges.

Dig trenches in front of the wall and build earth walls behind it.

A group of fortresses were built on the high mountains on both sides.

The French army attacked the pass positions in front of the pass in three routes, two of which attacked the east and west ridges respectively, and one route attacked the front of the pass directly.

The sound of cannons shook the sky and the valley roared.

The sun is passing noon.

Four of the East Ridge fortresses have been breached.

The French artillery bombarded down the mountain, and the corps attacked fiercely on the front.

The Qing army was forced to retreat to the pass and defend the long wall.

The French Corps moved quickly. In a flash, some officers and soldiers had crossed the trenches in front of the long wall, and a few agile ones had even rushed up the long wall.

The situation was extremely critical. The general who was supervising the battle on the long wall decisively ordered the gate of the long wall to be opened, stood up and shouted:
"If we allow the enemy to break into the pass again, how can we face our fellow countrymen in our hometown?"

After saying this, he personally led the broadsword team, holding a Japanese sword, and jumped out of the long wall and rushed towards the enemy formation.

The Qing soldiers then jumped out of the long wall together and rushed towards the French army like an overwhelming force.

……

[On the land battlefield, the French army originally marched all the way from northern Vietnam into Guangxi with unstoppable force.]

[But at the same time when the French occupied Penghu, the Governor-General of Guangdong and Guangxi, Zhang Zhidong, made a great contribution - he used people wisely.]

[He appointed Feng Zicai, the frontline commander, and Wang Xiaoqi, a fierce general of the Huai Army.]

[In addition, more than 30,000 Qing soldiers led by these two worked together to surround the French vanguard of about 2,000 who had advanced deep into the country alone in the area of ​​Zhennan Pass (now Friendship Pass) in Guangxi. After several days of fierce fighting, they killed and wounded about 300 French soldiers at a cost of about five times the casualties.]

[Historical sources suggest that the French army had only about a thousand men, and the number of casualties was less than a hundred. However, whether the casualties were three hundred or one hundred, this was an unprecedentedly large number of casualties suffered by the French army in the battle against the Qing army.]

[The French army suffered heavy casualties and their morale plummeted. Feng Zicai took advantage of the victory and pursued the enemy, recovering Guangxi in one fell swoop.]

[After the news reached France, the French Prime Minister was forced to resign. The French army had no intention of fighting and retreated to Vietnam.]

【Feng Zicai's victory in this battle was a timely help to the Qing government, and it is known in history as the "Zhennan Pass Victory."】

……

{The victory at Zhennan Pass indirectly led to the fall of the French cabinet and was one of the better battles fought at that time.}
{A little-known fact is that it was beneficial to the Qing Dynasty at that time. When Zhang Zhidong presided over the Sino-Vietnamese boundary survey after the war, he took back Ningyuan Prefecture in Yunnan, Xiping Prefecture in Guangxi, Luzhou in Guangxi, and the area north of Fenmaoling in Guangdong (all of which were abandoned during the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty). These were some of the few extra territories in the late Qing Dynasty.}
……

A certain Zhu: Don’t take me with you at this time?

……

{In addition, the three islands of the Kinh people and other territories that were occupied by Vietnam during the Ming and Qing dynasties were also recovered after the war. I feel that this knowledge is quite obscure.}
{In essence, it is a land exchange, but exchanging mountains and rainforests for coastal peninsulas, plains and river valleys is not a good deal.}
{Yes, this can be considered as the face Zhang Zhidong regained from the joint boundary survey between the two sides after the signing of the Sino-French Armistice Agreement.}
{But the war was so bad that we lost the Mengwu Basin when we intervened to return Liaodong... Overall, we made a lot of money in Vietnam, but we lost money in Yunnan by letting them continue to advance upstream.}
{The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the only profit the Qing government made from boundary survey was also lost by it...}
{The reformers are too confident...}
……

[Although the Qing army's victory on land put great pressure on the French, it did not relieve Taiwan. When it came to the choice between Taiwan and Vietnam, the court of course chose Taiwan.]

[Under this circumstance where the Qing Dynasty had neither won nor lost, Empress Dowager Cixi ordered Li Hongzhang to sign the Sino-French New Treaty with the French in Tianjin on June 1885, 6.]

[The Qing Dynasty officially recognized the Treaty of Hue, which placed Vietnam under a protectorate, and gave up its suzerainty over Vietnam.]

[Although Zuo Zongtang, Liu Yongfu and Feng Zicai achieved individual victories, the Qing Dynasty was unable to conduct tenacious negotiations with European powers to prevent the loss of border territory.]

[The Nguyen government, which lost China's aid, also signed the second Treaty of Hue, formally recognizing France as its only protectorate. ]

It’s really hard to write…

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(End of this chapter)