The six-dimensional pictures of emperors of all dynasties were exposed, and the ancestors panicked

Chapter 805: The Hundred Days Reform Begins

[Evaluation: D level, one point]

……

{I understand. You are using Zuo Zongtang to gain points!}
{Just tell me if I can pull this one point up! Looking My Ass!}
{? ass? }
｛Zuo Zongtang was a bit too amazing. In that era, and in the context of the late Qing Dynasty, he was still able to deploy troops 2,700 kilometers away and win.｝
｛Zuo Zongtang was a true pillar of the country in times of crisis. He was also a hero whose contributions would benefit the present and future generations. Unfortunately, he died during the Sino-French War.｝
{Evaluations of Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang are mixed, but evaluations of Zuo Zongtang are generally positive.}
{One of Zuo Zongtang’s famous diplomatic sayings is “There are only three ways of diplomacy: war, defense, and peace. The premise of being able to defend and to make peace is the ability to fight.”}
｛The downfall of the Ming and Qing dynasties all had one thing in common: it was not that they lacked talented people, but that they were truly willing to serve their country but were powerless to turn the tide.｝
{What happened when you tried to save the country but failed in the late Qing Dynasty: Lin Zexu died at the age of 66, was awarded the title of Prince Taifu, and was posthumously named "Wen Zhong"}
｛Zuo Zongtang died at the age of 74. The Qing court posthumously awarded him the title of Grand Tutor and the posthumous title of "Wenxiang", and he was enshrined in the Zhaozhong Temple and the Xianliang Temple.｝
{Zhang Zhidong died at the age of 72, and was given the title of Taibao and posthumously named Wenxiang.}
{When you tried to save the country in the late Ming Dynasty but failed, your ending was: ...}
｛The late Qing Dynasty was a game of trying one's best, while the late Ming Dynasty was a game of cheating.｝
……

Great Qin.

“This point…”

Ying Zheng was thinking about that vast territory.

Thinking about returning to China after a thousand years of absence.

Thinking about military-civilian integration.

"This point... is very important."

Liu Bang put his hands in his sleeves and said frivolously:
"If it weren't for those consecutive defeats, this alone would have been enough to preserve the reputation of Cixi and Guangxu after their death."

"Unfortunately, Cixi couldn't help but send a big gift..."

Ying Zheng glanced at him.

"Do you think Cixi is stupid?"

Liu Bang shook his head and said seriously:
"On the contrary, I think she is very smart."

“But so smart.”

“There is no wisdom in the head of a man who is too smart.”

"And the last thing you need to govern a country is intelligence."

Ying Zheng narrowed his eyes and placed his hand on the hilt of the sword at his waist.

"Then do you think I'm smart?"

Liu Bang swore.

If he had the ability like Li Shimin, he would have kicked himself away!

"Your Majesty is an extraordinary person."

"It cannot be summed up in words!"

Ying Zheng nodded.

"I see, you are calling me a non-human."

Liu Bang:......

Ying Zheng! That's his mother!
……

The period of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty
"The Qing Dynasty was still large in size."

Liu Bingyi was very fond of Zuo Zongtang's behavior, as for the Qing court...

Li Hongzhang is a brief representative.

"They say they are trying to recover, but they won't be able to hold on for long in the future. They also say that the southeast coastal defense is more important than the northwest frontier defense."

"Who knows what he's thinking."

Xu Pingjun looked at the sky and gained some understanding about these high-ranking and low-ranking officials and dynasties.

"They all agree that if the Western Regions are lost, it will not harm the vitality of the body. If the sea borders are not defended, the dangers in the heart will become more serious."

They advocated maintaining the status quo in Xinjiang and stopping the withdrawal of the Qing troops on the westward expedition, "and the funds raised from the withdrawal should be used evenly as funds for coastal defense."

"But as for coastal defense in the east and frontier defense in the west, both are given equal importance and should not be delayed."

Liu Bingyi held the child and sneered:

"It's nothing but weakness, fear!"

"Zuo Zongtang's approach made sense. According to the situation of the Qing Dynasty, if the army was stopped and the military pay was reduced, and the frontiers were withdrawn, the country would retreat an inch while the invaders would advance a mile."

"How the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 turned out under Li Hongzhang's leadership."

Xu Pingjun didn't know how to fight a war, so this didn't make sense, so she changed the subject:
"Tell me, how should the Ming court survive in the late Ming Dynasty?"

Liu Bingyi got a headache thinking about Chongzhen's outrageous actions.

then……

In the chat group.

"Emperor Xuan of Han: @Emperor Chongzhen, you should do as Emperor Xianfeng did."

"The heads were sent to the nine borders, the fish slices were cut into sashimi, and there were also those who died in the hands of the Liu army and the Qing army and no one collected their bodies..."

"You are really outrageous."

……

Ming dynasty.

“…Crunch…”

Since no one mentioned Zhu Yuanzhang, his name was downplayed.

When someone mentioned Lao Zhu, he immediately got angry.

"damn it!"

"It's such a shame!"

Zhu Yuanzhang blushed with shame.

Empress Ma was quite open-minded and soothed him:

"Hey, what kind of person is this? Every family has a few bastards."

"Didn't the Western Han Dynasty also have Emperor Cheng of Han? And the Eastern Han Dynasty also had Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling?"

"During the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Tongzhi died early, otherwise who knows how much chaos would have occurred."

"Don't always look at the good in others, look at the bad in others too."

Zhu Biao listened with a strange look on his face.

Is there something wrong with this?

No problem!
But no matter how I listened to it, it felt like something was wrong.

Especially the one who said this...

Mom must have been led astray by dad!
Zhu Yuanzhang listened hummingly while watching the "relay battle" of the Qing emperors.

He couldn't bear it anymore.

"Ming Taizu: @Emperor Chongzhen, I'm going to fuck you, you xxxxxx..."

……

Ming Dynasty·Chongzhen period
Zhu Youjian looked expressionless.

Ever since his good brother set a precedent in the group.

The place was completely messy because of those wild boars.

Now, Taizu has also been drawn out.

“Out of sight, out of mind.”

Zhu Youjian directly left the group and looked at the sky.

Thinking about the words of Emperor Xuan of Han, I kept muttering:

"Yeah... I am still too proud..."

"How can an emperor have dignity?"

……

Qing Dynasty, Kangxi Period
Kangxi drank water in a disguised manner.

Emperor Taizu of Ming Dynasty was really powerful...

The limit for each paragraph in the group is 200 words, right?

Look at what has been done in this moment.

Eight paragraphs of cursing were thrown out.

All of them contain dirty words.

"The Ming Taizu's books are quite good."

Yinzhen was confused when he heard this out of the blue. But he continued:
"Indeed, if you are open-minded and willing to learn, you can draw inferences from one example."

"If you can read the book, I'm afraid your achievements will be extraordinary."

Kangxi hummed and said nothing.

Where did Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty learn this skill of cursing?
Civilian?
……

Qing Dynasty, Guangxu Period
Once again, Guangxu was glad that he had not finished his inventory.

At the same time, I am glad that I don’t have to bear the blame.

Then, a sentence that terrified him appeared on the sky.

……

【Institutional Construction: Hundred Days of Reform. 】

[Regarding the reforms after the Sino-Japanese War of 1898-, there has long been a stereotype that the Hundred Days' Reform in was directly linked to the disastrous defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of -, and that the Hundred Days' Reform was seen as a reflection and redemption of the defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of -.]

[This impression misses a very important point: from 1896 to 1898, the central government of the Qing Dynasty was actually promoting reforms, and the main promoter of this reform was Emperor Guangxu.]

【The Hundred Days' Reform was a response to the failure of the First Sino-Japanese War, or rather, a response to the failure of the "post-First Sino-Japanese War reforms."】

……

Qing Dynasty - Taizong Period
Huang Taiji's eyes lit up, then darkened again.

He expressed his satisfaction with the emperor's ambition.

But he expressed pessimism about the emperor's ending.

"If it succeeds, there will be no Cixi's words about measuring China's material resources..."

Bumbutai held his hand and comforted him:

"At least the kid made an effort."

Huang Taiji pulled the corner of his mouth and forced out a sentence.

"Too……"

"I just hope that his efforts won't be like those of Emperor Chongzhen..."

Emperor Chongzhen also worked very hard.

……

[When the news of the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki reached the country, public opinion in the government and the opposition was in an uproar.]

[More than half of the provincial governors and a large number of Beijing officials, including the Zongli Yamen, the Imperial Academy, the Cabinet, the Six Ministries, the Hanlin Academy, and some royal family members, either submitted memorials to the court or jointly wrote letters to oppose the ratification of the treaty.]

[The candidates from various provinces in Beijing either participated in petitions led by Beijing officials or wrote individually, all demanding the refusal of peace, which put strong public pressure on the Qing court to approve the peace treaty.]

【Five Taiwanese officials serving in the capital, Ye Ti-yen, Li Qing-chi, Wang Chun-yuan, Luo Xiu-hui, and Huang Zong-ding, jointly wrote to the Censorate, strongly opposing the cession of Taiwan, representing the voice of the Taiwanese people.】

【They said, "If the whole land of Taiwan is conquered by war, and the whole people of Taiwan are killed in war," "It is better to die as a righteous citizen than to live as a captive." This is a petition for the five candidates in Taiwan. 】

Kang Youwei united 1,300 candidates from various provinces, held a rally, and initiated the famous petition to the emperor, opposing the cession of territory and advocating the relocation of the capital to resist the war.

【After the defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War, Emperor Guangxu also learned from his mistakes and read the memorial. 】

He believed that the thirty-year-long Westernization and Self-Strengthening Reform had failed because the reform was too shallow, too weak, and too slow.

【He wants to increase his efforts! 】

……

Qing Dynasty Yongzheng Period
Yongzheng watched coldly.

"Increase the intensity?"

Cixi is standing there, are you trying to get yourself killed by stepping up your efforts? How many people do you have in the court?
How many local governors and governors-general listen to you?

Apart from having a good heart, it's useless.

It’s not that your reform efforts are too weak, it’s that the resistance to reform is too great!

Besides...

"Reform or seize power."

"It is still unknown."

……

【According to Emperor Guangxu's reflection on the disastrous defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the reforms after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 should include four core contents: First, military reform, adopting Western methods to train troops, including the army and navy. 】

[2. Financial reform, adopting Western methods to rectify finances and develop industry and commerce (encourage mining).]

【3. Educational reform, adopting Western methods to change the school system, abandoning the imperial examination system and setting up schools.】

【Fourth, build railways and post offices, and follow the example of European and American powers to vigorously develop infrastructure.】

[Except for the fourth reform which was partially implemented, the first three reforms were not implemented according to Emperor Guangxu's will.]

……

Tang Dezong Period
"You will definitely not succeed..."

Li Shi saw it clearly.

The reasons for the Qing Dynasty's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 are rather complicated, but it is an indisputable fact that its generals were weak, its soldiers were feeble, and its equipment was outdated.

It's not like he doesn't understand military affairs.

The way to select generals is different from the way to employ them. That is to value the new rather than the old, and to employ the cheap rather than the expensive.

In order to win the war, it is necessary to select generals regardless of qualifications, use these new generals to replace those old generals who are obviously outdated, and then have these new generals each train a number of new soldiers.

but!

Just like the Tang Dynasty was full of vassal states.

"The imperial court wanted to rein in local power, so that the actual power of local governors and governors-general would be greatly reduced."

“And the central government also lacks actual control over local governments.”

"Otherwise, there wouldn't be any Southeast Mutual Protection."

The so-called centralization of power is only in name only.

The overall manifestation is the loss of both imperial and local authority.

The imperial court cannot control the local areas, and the local areas are unable to be loyal to the central government.

"In this case, who knows whose soldiers will be trained."

……

Song Shenzong Period
Zhao Xu saw through it.

"Everyone in the Qing Dynasty has unique skills!"

Is this how you carry out reform?

Every interest involved is extremely huge.

"Yongzheng had a lot of difficulties just changing the civil service system."

"You are doing more than just changing the administration of officials."

Military, finance, education, and roads.

The whole plan is to reopen the country.

……

[At that time, the Qing Dynasty was becoming increasingly familiar with the Western world. The Meiji Restoration, Washington, Napoleon and Peter the Great provided them with possible models to learn from.]

[Chinese journals and didactic history books advocating reform are prevalent. On the one hand, they vigorously promote the Western thinkers of the past, and on the other hand, they use the history of Poland, Turkey, India and other countries where their territory was divided, their economy was destroyed, and they were bullied politically as a warning to China.]

【At this time, Western powers once again demanded economic and residence privileges from the Qing court, making the Qing regime even more precarious.】

【In such an environment, Emperor Guangxu decided to behave like an independent ruler and take actions in the national interest. 】

[He has been working hard to learn English, and undoubtedly has a broader vision of the road ahead for China than his predecessors.]

[In the 1898th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (June 6), Emperor Guangxu issued a series of extraordinary edicts, known in history as the "Hundred Days' Reform."]

Although the reforms proposed in the imperial edict were largely inherited from the contents of the 1895 memorial, the reform concept was so clear and coherent, and was proposed and fully supported by the emperor, which was unprecedented.

……

Ming Dynasty Yongle Period
Zhu Di said calmly and casually:

"Just wait and see, this kid is bound to do something weird."

Zhu Zhanji also felt the pulse of Tianmu.

Whenever people start praising someone, it means big things are going to happen.

And according to the situation of Cixi and Guangxu in the Eight-Nation Alliance later...

"Grandpa, could it be that this kid failed in his coup attempt?"

Zhu Di smiled and patted his arm.

"Okay, not stupid."

Zhu Zhanji resisted the urge to roll his eyes.

The clue is so clear that it's almost thrown in my face, how can I not guess it?

The only thing I can't guess now is...

How did he fail?

……

【In response to the implementation of the reform plan, the court carried out several important personnel reorganizations. 】

【After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Li Hongzhang was removed from his post as the Zongli Yamen. Weng Tonghe, the teacher of Emperor Guangxu, was also dismissed because he was too cautious about the scope of reform in the Reform Movement.】

[Some reformists, including Kang Youwei, were promoted to serve in the Grand Council or the Zongli Yamen, where they were responsible for confidential matters and had direct access to the imperial court.]

[In early 1898, Kang Youwei submitted a memorial to the emperor, requesting him to set up a bureau of institutions at the central level as the headquarters for the reform movement.]

[Under the Institutional Bureau, there are twelve specialized sub-bureaus responsible for various reform matters.]

[Local governments set up civil affairs bureaus and new policies bureaus to implement the new policies at the grassroots level.]

……

Big man.

Even Liu Bang laughed.

"The steps are too big and will affect too many interests, which will easily lead to a desperate counterattack by the old forces."

“Unless you have great military power, you should go slower or make more arrangements to appease the old forces.”

"Guangxu has the intention, but he doesn't have the skills."

The decision-making body is the core of power, not the executive body.

The executive branch can only enrich itself, but the decision-making power lies with those above.

You want to make the decision-making bodies uniform now?
Wouldn’t it be ruined if the corruption among those below was exposed?
"Shang Jun wouldn't just knock everyone down right away."

He destroys someone's job before his credibility is established.

It will be fatal.

……

【Guangxu was quite interested in Kang Youwei's suggestion to open a system bureau.】

[As mentioned in the preface, after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Guangxu had his own ideas about reform, but he was unable to rely on the existing official system to turn these ideas into reality.]

[He was unable to establish a modern army of his own, unable to rectify the fiscal division of the tax sources controlled by local governors, unable to abolish the imperial examination system and establish a new school system, and even unable to write his own proposition of teaching Western learning into the imperial edict.]

[Kang Youwei's proposal to establish a bureau of institutions meant to create a new bureaucratic system that would be centered around the imperial power and could be used by Guangxu at will.]

【Therefore, the emperor quickly sent Kang's memorial to the Zongli Yamen for discussion. When the Zongli Yamen deliberately responded slowly, knowing that the matter was of great importance, Guangxu became angry again and again and ordered the Zongli Yamen to come up with an opinion within a time limit.】

【Prince Qing Yixin had no choice but to go to the Summer Palace for help. Cixi told Yixin: "Since it is not feasible, just refute it."】

【So, after more than a month of delay, the Zongli Yamen produced a lengthy discussion report, refuting Kang Youwei's proposal paragraph by paragraph.】

……

Ming Dynasty Jiajing Period
Zhu Zaigui felt that he had not read enough.

Zhu Houcong was very straightforward.

"Could this kid be Zhu Yun... the reincarnation of Emperor Hui?"

This method is exactly the same as Zhu Yunwen's!

If this measure is implemented, it will undermine the existing administrative structures from the central to local levels.

He didn't do anything, but he just came up and wiped out the old official system!
It would be crazy if your reform is not met with collective resistance from the entire court!

When Zhu Houcong saw that prince going to see Cixi, he knew that the plan was over.

"Guangxu's skills were too immature. This kind of power and personnel reform did not tie up the princes and ministers in the core institutions such as the Zongli Yamen, but pushed them to the opposite side of the reform."

"How can that possibly work?"

"Don't learn from him."

Zhu Zaigui adjusted his helmet.

That's not right, didn't you do the same thing at the beginning?

Zhu Houcong seemed to know what he was thinking.

He hit him on the forehead with a whisk.

"Is that a reform?"

"I am seizing power!"

"stupid."

……

[Because the Institutional Bureau was not feasible, Kang Youwei instead suggested opening the Maoqin Hall in the inner court.]

[There was a precedent in the history of the Qing Dynasty to open the Maoqin Hall. However, the essence of this matter was clear to Empress Dowager Cixi, the Grand Council and the six ministries, and there was no result either.]

[In addition to the Bureau of Institutions and the Maoqin Hall, Kang also changed the name of the new agency to "Zhi San Qing" and "Yi Zheng Ju", but all to no avail.]

[In September 1898, three months had passed since the New Deal was announced, but the reform situation that Guangxu hoped for was still not happening.]

【Guangxu decided to act arbitrarily, without consulting the Grand Council and the Zongli Yamen, and directly announced the opening of the Maoqin Hall.】

【The first thing to do when the temple is opened. 】

[Without any preparatory arrangements, Guangxu directly issued an edict to massively cut down on redundant offices and officials.]

[The central government alone eliminated: the Zhanshifu, the Zongcheng of the Zongrenfu, the Dali Temple, the Tongzhengsi, the Taichang Temple, the Guanglu Temple, the Honglu Temple, the Taipu Temple, and the Neiwufu (half of them were eliminated)]

[More than a dozen idle government offices in the capital were closed, leaving nearly 10,000 people unemployed, shocking the government and the public.]

[On the second day after the decree of mass layoffs was issued, Wang Zhao, the head of the Ministry of Rites, wrote a memorial impeaching the Ministry of Rites official Huai Tabu and others for withholding his memorial and not presenting it to the emperor.]

【Guangxu was furious and dismissed all six officials from the Ministry of Rites.】

[On the second day after dismissing the six officials of the Ministry of Rites, Guangxu made an exception and appointed the reformists Tan Sitong, Yang Rui, Lin Xu, and Liu Guang as military secretaries to allow them to participate in the new policy.]

……

{Among these four people, Tan Sitong treated Kang Youwei as his disciple, Yang Rui and Liu Guangdi were backed by Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Huguang, and Lin Xu was backed by Ronglu, the governor of Zhili... Guangxu would find someone.}
{Emm... I don't have much education, can anyone tell me how the reform works?}

{Guangxu hoped to reform and delegate power, but there was a certain reason that he had never had real power, so this was an awkward situation.}
{If Guangxu did not have real power, his reforms would most likely fail.}
{If Guangxu had real power, he would most likely have no motivation to reform.}
{The Meiji Restoration in Japan was a puppet emperor who led the reformists to overthrow the powerful generals. This is actually a low-probability event.}
{After all... he can't "kill his mother"}

{So someone did it for him...}
{This thing had no chance of success in the context of that era, and the vested interests would not support some of the reform plans that might weaken the ruling power of the Qing Dynasty.}
{At the same time, the reformists who supported Guangxu seemed to be very susceptible to pressure from Britain and France and were also easily influenced by them.}
{…Emma, ​​this mess of the Qing Dynasty gives me a headache, let’s just get over it!}

(End of this chapter)