The Great Tang General

The sage issued an edict, and on November 18th of the fifteenth year of Tianbao, a ceremony to enthrone the prince was held in Taiji Hall of Taiji Palace.

The meaning of Li Longji's edict is simple and clear, and seems to be "his" voice.

First, we must praise Li Xuan’s background. He is the great-grandson of Li Chengqian, the eldest son of Emperor Taizong, and has noble bloodline.

Then it tells the life of Li Xuan, how the young man admired the chivalrous spirit, and how the classic story of a prodigal son who returns home will never go out of date.

He was only sixteen years old, a young talent, and his poetry was famous all over the world.

The poem "Spring is the best time of the year, far better than the willows and smoke in the imperial capital" was famous in Chang'an; another line "Only the peony is the true national beauty, and the capital city is moved when it blooms" was well-known throughout the world.

Then he was summoned by the sage and tested in the Xingqing Palace. He performed polo shooting in the imperial court and amazed everyone. The sage then allowed him to enter the government and appointed him as the deputy envoy of Feng'an Army.

Next comes the beginning of glorious military exploits!
For ordinary soldiers, breaking into the enemy's formation, being the first to climb the ladder, beheading the general, and capturing the flag are the highest military achievements.

Li Xuan did all these except being the first to reach the top.

Especially when it comes to beheading generals, Li Xuan not only captured and killed hundreds of enemy generals and marshals, but also captured the Great Khan and the Zamp.

For a military commander, Li Xuan also achieved all four brilliant achievements: conquering the Wolf's Lair, destroying the enemy country, serving the king and protecting the emperor, and suppressing the rebels.

This is Li Xuan's martial arts, unprecedented in ancient and modern times.

I only care about the well-being of the people and worry about the affairs of the people.

Li Xuan used his actions to show that he was a man who wanted to change the people.

Jishengtang, Ciyutang, etc. are all good deeds in Li Xuan's mind.

Li Longji also mentioned in the imperial edict that the philosophers were incompetent and unable to handle important tasks.

The King of Qin wanted to follow the example of Duke Zhou, but was stopped by the sage. The sage forcefully adopted the King of Qin as his adopted son, treated him as his own son, and loved him dearly.

Today, people want change, and severe punishments should be used in times of chaos. In order to unite the world, the only person who can seek order in chaos is the King of Qin.

Some people believed in Li Longji's edict without a doubt; some sneered at it; and some pretended to be ignorant even though they knew the truth.

The people are no longer interested in the power struggles among the upper echelons. They hope that a "strong man will come from heaven" to give their family a better life.

Because since the establishment of the Li Tang Dynasty, all kinds of bad things have happened and history has been made repeatedly.

Xuanwu Gate Incident, Prince's Rebellion, Two Saints in the Palace, Female Ruler, Shenlong Coup, Jinglong Coup, Wei's Power in the Court, Tanglong Coup, Xiantian Coup, Killing Three Sons in One Day, Yang's Cholera Disruption of the Court...

Wonderful!

Therefore, Li Xuan faces the least moral pressure.

What Li Xuan needed was to develop the world rather than worry about what would happen after his death.

The generals and civil and military officials under his command were also looking forward to the reappearance of a wise ruler.

Li Xuan's thoughts and ideas have taken root in the hearts of many people.

……

"I will soon become the crown prince. Lingxi will summon the wives of the civil and military officials in Chang'an more often to show his care and power."

In the Prince Qin's Mansion, when Pei Lingxi was arranging Li Xuan's official uniform, Li Xuan suddenly said to Pei Lingxi.

Either nothing changes, or there is a big change.

Finally, I chose this path and gave my wife and children wealth and glory.

He knew that Pei Lingxi had never interacted with noble ladies or scholars.

When in Chang'an, Li Xuan's identity was sensitive, and Pei Lingxi was not suitable to be friends with the ministers' wives and girlfriends. Later, when Pei Lingxi went to the Western Regions, he had even less opportunity.

Today is different from the past, Pei Lingxi must be prepared to be the mother of the country.

Like Yang Yuhuan in the past, she would occasionally summon noble ladies and celebrities to go out for spring outings or gather in the palace.

Especially the ladies who were conferred titles by the imperial court, the emperor generally would not meet them.

These definitely need to be appeased by the Queen.

As for matters concerning princesses, county ladies, and county ladies, most of them were asked to consult the empress.

"Lingxi, remember this!"

Pei Lingxi replied softly while tidying up Li Xuan's clothes.

She doesn't know much about politics, and she doesn't know how her husband operates.

In the blink of an eye, he rose from King of Qin to Crown Prince.

The Crown Prince and the King of Qin are the ruler and the subject.

A familiar road.

Pei Lingxi finally confirmed that the rumors were true. Just as her father Pei Du had said, she would soon become the mother of the country.

A few years ago, she was just a little girl. Although her grandfather was Pei Yaoqing, her family was in decline.

When she was a girl, she always admired the great hero Li Xuan, who was both civil and military, and could recite every one of Li Xuan's poems.

After marrying Li Xuan, she thought she was the happiest woman. She never dared to imagine that this day would come and she was not prepared at all.

She did have concerns about the palace walls.

"I always remember the first three times I met Lingxi. Beside Lingxi in Zongsheng Temple, in the Pear Garden under Mount Li, and in the East Market of Chang'an City. Although Changli, Yueyao, Shuang'er and others are here, I still have deep feelings for my old sword and will never forget it!"

Li Xuan seemed to see the worry between Pei Lingxi's brows. He passed a strand of black silk under Pei Lingxi's eyes, stroked her smooth face, and said emotionally: "Hold your hand and grow old with you. This is the oath we made during the Zhougong ceremony. No matter when, we are the same. Even in the imperial city, don't be restrained, like last night, like yesterday, and like this morning."

The reason why Li Xuan is Li Xuan is because he has his own style of doing things.

He would not lament that the stars were not the same as they were last night.

"Husband..."

Pei Lingxi was in tears and couldn't help herself in Li Xuan's arms.

At this moment, she was also determined to help Li Xuan deal with matters related to the ladies of honor.

Even though she wanted to be in her husband's arms, Pei Lingxi restrained herself.

She knew that her husband was going to the Secretariat.

……

In just two or three days, as the day for Li Xuan to be appointed crown prince drew closer, the discussions in Chang'an became more intense.

Of course, some old ministers who were seeking fame and reputation also wrote letters to criticize Li Xuan.

This is to make sure that Li Xuan will not kill him.

For example, Miao Jinqing quoted the words of Gai Xun from the Han Dynasty who cursed Dong Zhuo and wrote to Li Xuan:
"In the past, Yi Yin and Huo Guang used their power to establish meritorious services, but their endings were still disheartening. How could you, a clown, end up like this? People are congratulating you at the door, and people are mourning you at the hut. How could you not be careful..."

This alludes to the fact that Li Xuan was the regicide Dong Zhuo. People who come to congratulate him are at the door, and people who come to mourn are at the grave, which indicates that Li Xuan will not die a good death.

Li Xuan was not angry. After reading it, he showed it to the officials of the Secretariat.

The ministers were moved by his cheerful and cheerful demeanor, unperturbed by honor or disgrace.

The ministers asked why Miao Jinqing was not punished.

Li Xuan replied: If he is guilty, he will be punished.

The ministers admired Li Xuan's broad-mindedness even more.

Miao Jinqing is a minister who is buried up to his neck in the earth. There is no need to bother with him.

All important military and political matters are decided by the King of Qin, and he is also the one that the people support.

Although there were opposing voices such as Miao Jinqing's, they were suppressed by the voices supporting Li Xuan.

During this period, the first batch of one thousand copies of "Tang Monthly" arrived in Chang'an.

Even though a copy of the Tang Monthly Newsletter cost only 100 coins, it was quickly sold out.

Although the major events recorded in the Tang Monthly Report were nothing new to Chang'an, this type of newspaper that was distributed among the people and its unprecedented newspaper model were very novel to the literati.

When reading newspapers, people are inevitably influenced by the heroic deeds reported therein.

There were poor literati who admired Li Xuan and even spontaneously read the contents of the newspaper to ordinary people in the streets.

There are some things that the people cannot understand, but they can sum it up in one sentence: The King of Qin is destined to be king!
As expected, the novel "Journey to the West" serialized by the King of Qin himself, even though it only had one chapter, the world view it described made the people look forward to what would happen in the next chapter.

This further increased Li Xuan's appeal.

When public opinion was in an uproar, Li Xuan went in and out of the province as usual to handle military and political affairs.

Nowadays, Li Xuan knows most about local county affairs.

Li Xuan summoned all the officials who had returned from serving as county magistrates and asked them to answer truthfully about the local situation. Li Xuan then prescribed the right medicine for the situation.

The day before the ceremony of enthroning the crown prince, Taiji Palace was already preparing for the ceremony.

Li Xuan, still wearing his official robe, summoned Jingzhao Yin Lu Huan to the Council of State Affairs.

Lu Huan was an old minister in his sixties who enjoyed a very high prestige in the court.

His father was Lu Huaishen, a famous prime minister during the Kaiyuan period.

People at that time ridiculed Lu Huaishen for being the prime minister's companion, which was actually a sign of their uncertainty about his status.

When working with Yao Chong, Lu Huaishen did not compete with him for the sake of unity, and did his best and meticulously in everything.

Lu Huaishen was honest, prudent and frugal. He did not accumulate assets. Although he was a minister, he distributed his salary to his relatives and friends. His wife and children could not escape hunger and cold, and their home was not sheltered from wind and rain.

After Lu Huaishen passed away, the family had no savings left, only an old man, who asked to sell his property to pay for his funeral.

This kind of integrity set an example for the Kaiyuan officials and was completely in line with the frugality advocated by Li Longji in the early Kaiyuan period.

Lu Huan did not gain prestige by relying on Lu Huaishen's virtue, but rather inherited his father's career, served as an honest official, and did practical things for the people. Even Li Longji personally wrote an inscription for Lu Huan: This is a national treasure, and it will not fall from the family tradition.

In Shan County, where Lu Huan governed, the people had a ballad that went on for a long time: "You don't need to pray to the gods or ask for help from the witches. If you don't offend Lord Lu, you will be blessed immediately."

In an era when Buddhism, Taoism, witchcraft and divination were prevalent, people did not need to pray to gods. As long as they were upright, they would be blessed. This shows the people's respect for Lu Huan.

Therefore, when the position of Jingzhao Yin was vacant, Li Xuan gave priority to promoting Lu Huan.

In addition, Li Xuan also wanted Lu Huan to clean up the atmosphere in Jingzhao.

Li Xuan and Lu Huan are following the same path, but compared to Lu Huan, Li Xuan's method is more radical.

The reason for summoning Lu Huan this time was that he had just resigned from his post as the governor of Nanhai (now Guangzhou) in Lingnan.

"When the Grand Yin was in Nanhai, he punished corrupt officials, dealt with the powerful, changed the customs, and brought peace to Nanhai. He was truly a capable minister!"

Li Xuan was the first to praise Lu Huan.

Nanhai County has a unique geographical location. With the development of sea transportation, it has become a trading place between the Tang Dynasty and Indochina and overseas countries. It is a metropolis both on land and on water, very prosperous, and brings rich taxes to the country.

Especially after Lu Huan reorganized Nanhai County.

Li Longji had always sent eunuchs to the South China Sea to look for rare treasures for him to entertain himself.

But eunuchs are often synonymous with excessive greed. Wherever eunuchs appear, there will be no good things.

When they were in Nanhai County, they ate and took things without restraint.

But after Lu Huan arrived, the eunuchs were intimidated by Lu Huan's reputation for innocence and impartiality and did not dare to extend their tentacles to him.

"This is just my job!"

Lu Huan replied to Li Xuan that it was obvious that Li Xuan was old and had traveled a long distance, so he was not in good spirits.

Like some neutral old ministers, he did not get involved in the struggle for imperial power.

Li Xuan is now like the autumn wind sweeping away the fallen leaves, whoever shows up will be cut down.

The main reason is that Li Xuan firmly holds on to power with his unique personal charm.

It is an established fact that the small clan will replace the big clan.

"How many powerful forces and clans are there in Nanhai County?"

Li Xuan got to the point. Although Lu Huan eliminated corrupt officials, the powerful could not be completely eliminated.

Even if they are all settled for a while, they will soon re-emerge like mushrooms after rain.

Perhaps as soon as Lu Huan left, another powerful person started to stir up trouble again.

"Replying to the King of Qin, the South Sea has become increasingly wealthy and powerful. After I killed one as a warning to the rest, they simply closed their doors and stopped doing anything."

Lu Huan replied to Li Xuan.

As Li Xuan thought, Lu Huan would not respond with drastic measures.

"How do the people of Nanhai County live compared to the people of Guanzhong?"

Li Xuan asked Lu Huan again.

"During heavy rains in Guanzhong, the price of a dou of rice was 400 coins. The price dropped slightly after the rain stopped. During the An Lushan Rebellion, the price of a dou of rice soared to 800 coins, and the highest price was 1,200 coins. After the King of Qin came to Chang'an to escort the king, the price of rice gradually reached the current 50 coins for a dou of rice, which is still high compared to the past. In the 14th year of Tianbao, the price of a dou of rice in Nanhai County was 60 coins, 30 coins more expensive than in Jiangnan and 40 coins more expensive than in Huainan."

Lu Huan used the price of rice to show Li Xuan that the people in Lingnan were not living a satisfactory life.

It is even worse than the rainstorm disasters and wars that threatened Guanzhong.

"I have seen from documents that the granaries in Nanhai are well stocked with grain. How could this be so?" Li Xuan knew that Nanhai County had started to grow rice on a large scale since the Han Dynasty.

Perhaps Lingnan is a wild place, but the South China Sea is definitely not.

Nanhai County was a large county with more than 40,000 households and a population of 220,000.

This is also considered heavyweight in the Northern County.

"The equal distribution of land has been destroyed. The government has no land to distribute. Although I have organized the reclamation of wasteland, the speed of reclamation cannot keep up with the growth of population. The land grants have become empty words, and the phenomenon of people fleeing has been repeatedly banned..."

"The grain storage in the granaries of Changping and Yi Cang has been in a state of flux, with officials and merchants colluding with each other and powerful people hoarding grain, and the price of grain has never been effectively stabilized."

Lu Huan replied to Li Xuan.

This is not just a problem in Nanhai County, it's a common phenomenon across the country.

Ultimately it is about land annexation. Under the equal-field system, an adult male could be granted 80 mu of household land and 20 mu of permanent land.

Rice, soybeans, mulberry, hemp, vegetables and other crops are planted on these one hundred acres of land. The hardworking people and their weaving wives work together to provide them with enough food and clothing.

Even after paying rent, household taxes, charity warehouse taxes, etc., there is still a lot of wealth among the people.

This is also the result of the land inspection and household registration movement that came into being after Li Longji ascended the throne: "Remembering the heyday of Kaiyuan, even small towns could house tens of thousands of households. The rice was fat and the corn was white, and the public and private granaries were full."

But now, when men reach adulthood, the government has no land in their hands, not even less than 20 acres.

Add to that the fact that officials were unable to make ends meet and the various taxes imposed, and the people could not support themselves with twenty acres.

In this situation, ordinary people can only flee to other places.

The best way is to become a "serf" of a powerful person and work for him all your life.

The powerful Fubing system was built on the equal-field system. With the destruction of the equal-field system, it was inevitable that the Fubing system would collapse during the Tianbao period.

"The counties in the north and south are both large counties with a population of 200,000, but the taxes the country receives are much higher in the north than in the south. Not to mention that it is a large commercial county like Nanhai County."

Li Xuan knew that Lingnan had also fallen into his old problem.

Since the Tianbao period, collecting taxes in Jiangnan and Lingnan has always been a problem.

Not only Li Linfu, but even Yang Guozhong was trying to collect taxes from Jiangnan.

After An Lushan's rebellion, it must have been even more difficult to collect taxes in Jiangnan and Lingnan.

The increase in taxes in Henan and Hebei during the Tianbao period was also related to the Tang Dynasty's control over the south of the Yangtze River.

The emperor is far away and the rich and powerful can always find ways to fight against the policies.

"King Qin, the powerful people in Jiangnan and Lingnan are not a whole. There are constant conflicts and calculations among them."

As always, Lu Huan advocated the division of powerful families and once again launched a land inspection and household registration campaign, ushering in thirty years of great peace.

"I will carefully consider Dayin's opinion!"

Li Xuan smiled slightly.

He was of course well aware that the so-called civil service group, the aristocratic group, and the powerful group were never a whole.

Even if Li Xuan pressed on step by step, there would still be some powerful people who would offer their wealth and beg for forgiveness.

When Li Xuan was in Helong, the powerful people in Longyou were intimidated by his power and presented him with gold, silver and jewelry for military use.

But what Li Xuan needs is not just to check households and expand fields.

Princes, officials, and wealthy families bought estates and annexed them at will, without fear of regulations... leaving the common people with nowhere to live, so they stopped being clients and made them rent out their property for food.

Those who live near the water are often worth thousands of gold, and the rich and powerful families often invade and rob each other.

This is an overview of the Tianbao period.

Land annexation is far more serious than imagined.

Tens of millions of people became illegal households, most of whom were serfs.

A large number of the people who were registered as such had to hire powerful families to cultivate their land.

The methods used by the powerful became increasingly vile. When clever means failed, they began to rob people by force.

No matter whether it is permanent land or family land, they will get it and forcibly destroy the equal-field system.

Li Xuan had a different idea from Lu Huan. He believed that the effect of conducting another household inspection and land expansion would be greatly reduced.

He must formulate the "eliminating the lowly and promoting the virtuous" plan he had been preparing for a long time.

He did not pull out the serfs to a certain extent, but liberated the serfs fundamentally.

Next, Li Xuan asked Lu Huan about the roads and sea transportation in the South China Sea, the countries with which the two countries frequently interacted, and the items that were frequently traded.

Li Xuan planned to let Xin Yunjing establish the Nanhai Governor's Office in Nanhai County, which would be the largest army in the south with 30,000 soldiers.

They were stationed in Nanhai County, Jiaozhi, Nan County, Chaoyang County, and Shixing County respectively.

Among them, Nanhai County had the largest number of troops, with 3,000 cavalry, 2,000 infantry, and 5,000 navy.

If Lingnan wants to develop, it can only wait for the reform and start from Nanhai County.

The next day.

The winter sun is warm, the sky is clear and bright, and it looks like the face of a newborn baby, pure and flawless.

The entire Chang'an, every street and alley, was decorated with lights and colorful decorations.

The Tiance Guard and the Jinwu Guard were on high alert in the two markets in the city.

The Fengxiang Army, Anxi Army and Beiting Army outside the city were also on high alert.

When the Hu merchants in the two cities heard that General Tian was going to be appointed as the crown prince, they were filled with awe.

That famous man indeed gained the supreme power.

Although the Tang Dynasty had just experienced a rebellion, it seemed to have become even stronger, all because of Li Xuan, the stabilizing force.

In the Taiji Palace, drums and music sounded.

In the square in front of the Taiji Palace, on the left are the Yulin Guards of Honor, and on the right are the Longwu Soldiers.

The ceremonial horses of the Flying Dragon Imperial Guards were all white. They were extremely well-behaved and did not cry or bark.

Eunuchs, palace maids, and musicians followed behind them.

All officials above the ninth rank in Chang'an, officials of minor official rank, nobles, and retired ministers came to the Taiji Palace to attend the ceremony.

Even Li Shizhi participated as the Prince of Longxi.

All officials bowed to Li Shizhi.

People knew that once Li Xuan inherited the throne, even if Li Longji was temporarily the emperor emeritus, he would be a false emperor emeritus.

The only person who can be respected is Li Shizhi.

Of course, in order to prevent troublemakers from causing trouble and preventing the ceremony from going smoothly, people like Miao Jinqing and Pei Mian were invited to the Ganlu Hall for tea in advance.

At the front of the square, the kings, dressed in formal attire, finally came out of Xingqing Palace.

The emperor wanted to appoint a crown prince, but not his own son. One can imagine how they felt.

Some princes are okay, knowing that they are useless and have no chance.

But the face of Prince Zhong Li Heng is quite interesting. He has been depressed for most of his life. Facing Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong, he felt like he was on the edge of an abyss and walking on thin ice. He lost both his wife and his army.

In the end, he was deposed on a trumped-up charge.

Throughout history, has there ever been a prince as cowardly as him?
The saddest thing is that he doesn't even have the ability to make blood splatter five steps away.

I don’t have the courage to shout “it’s unfair”.

Only Prince Shou Li Heng felt happy. No man could tolerate having his beloved wife taken away by his father.

When they returned from the banquet at midnight, the clock had already reached its peak. Prince Xue was drunk while Prince Shou was sober.

What was even more unbearable was that he was forced to attend grand banquets again and again to meet his ex-wife.

Li Ying's mother, Consort Wu Huifei, once cleared the obstacles for Li Ying, bringing him just one step away from becoming the crown prince.

Next, Li Ying experienced a roller coaster ride of life.

His mother died of illness, he missed the position of crown prince, and his wife was abducted.

But he dared not speak out and could only pretend to be a coward, fearing that he would be executed by Li Longji.

Anyway, this is how his life will be. Seeing Li Longji suffer retribution is the happiest time of his life in recent years.

The ministers on the other side were of higher quality.

As the prime minister, Li Xian led the whole event.

All of Li Xuan's confidants must obey Li Xuan's will.

Some officials who followed Li Xuan neither supported nor opposed it. They just wanted to follow Li Xuan to revive the Tang Dynasty.

There are also some people who have the will but lack the ability.

They had to watch the sun change above Chang'an.

"Your Majesty has arrived..."

"The King of Qin has arrived..."

While countless officials and dignitaries were having complicated thoughts, the ceremonial officer sang loudly.

Li Xuan helped Li Longji walk out of the Taiji Hall and gradually came into the sight of civil and military officials, princes and nobles.

I haven't seen Li Longji for a long time. He looks older, with a head full of silver hair like snow.

Li Xuan had already changed into the prince's gorgeous clothes, wearing a crown on his head, and his steps were steady and his demeanor was extraordinary.

He doesn't look like a crown prince, but rather like a king who looks down upon the world.

"Greetings to your Majesty, greetings to the King of Qin..."

Everyone paid great respects to Li Xuan and Li Longji.

Li Longji was excited when he saw countless ministers and grandchildren paying homage to him.

This was what he wanted, that feeling of dominating the world returned.

"Everyone is safe!"

Li Longji raised his hand and asked all the civil and military officials to stand up, and two more lines of tears flowed down his face.

I'm afraid it's lost forever.

"Announcement of the Saint's Edict!"

The eunuch shouted loudly and began to read the official edict to appoint the crown prince.

Gao Lishi could no longer read, so a young eunuch read out the imperial edict. He faced all the officials and nobles and read out every word in a voice as loud as a bell:

I have inherited the order of heaven and rule over all nations. I want to promote the great truth and bring prosperity to the country. The importance of the heir is related to the country, so I must choose a wise and virtuous person to inherit the great throne.

Although Li Xuan, the Prince of Qin, is not my son, he is like a close relative to me. His achievements in civil and military affairs are unprecedented in history...

Today, a special decree is issued to appoint Qin Wang Li Xuan as the crown prince... All princes, dukes, and ministers should be informed of this and work together to assist in safeguarding the prosperity of the royal family and forever consolidating the foundation of the Tang Dynasty!

Announce it to the world, and the envoys will hear about it.

After the imperial edict was announced, the audience was silent and no one spoke out to stop it.

Even the dissatisfied Prince Zhong and other ministers had to bow their heads.

"I have been blessed by the Holy Spirit and have been appointed as the Crown Prince. This is a great honor. I fully understand that I have a heavy responsibility. From now on, I will strictly follow the teachings of the Holy Spirit, respect the Heaven and follow the ancestors, put filial piety first, be benevolent to the world, and love all the people..."

Li Xuan took the imperial edict and knelt down to kowtow to Li Longji.

Li Longji was just about to give Li Xuan a break and give him a face, but Li Xuan saw through him and before he could even open his mouth, he shouted, "Thank you, Your Majesty!"

The officials were too far away and thought that Li Longji whispered to Li Xuan to stand up.

Li Longji was slightly displeased when he saw this, but he couldn't force anything.

Next, Li Xuan supported Li Longji and climbed onto the altar covered with loess to begin the ceremony of offering sacrifices to the sky.

"When will I abdicate?"

The emperor and the prince seemed to be united in purpose, but on the way to the altar, Li Longji spoke softly.

He knew that the last step was inevitable!
"I think the meaning of Tianbao is not good, we should change the era name next year!"

Li Xuan also responded in a low voice in Li Longji's ear.

Li Longji knew what was going on and did not reply.

The emperor and the crown prince, who looked harmonious but were actually alienated, completed the ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven in the presence of all the civil and military officials.

At this moment, Li Xuan was officially crowned as the Crown Prince.

(End of this chapter)