Video spoilers history, starting with the blitzkrieg on Poland

The sky continues.

A distribution map of Neanderthals appeared on the screen.

It can be seen that the Neanderthals were originally distributed almost throughout Europe.

The only remaining territory was the caves on the seashore of Gibraltar.

And eventually disappeared completely
……

[However, it is puzzling that such a successful species eventually disappeared in the long river of history? ]

[There are many hypotheses about this phenomenon in academia:]

[First, the viral hypothesis holds that a specific pathogen, which did not affect Homo sapiens, led to the extinction of Neanderthals.]

[However, there is a lack of strong evidence to prove mass deaths.]

[The environmental hypothesis emphasizes the impact of climate change, but it is difficult to explain the continuous expansion of Homo sapiens during the same period.]

[Currently, the most popular theory in academia is the long-term competition theory.]

[Or, the long war theory! ]

Archaeologists studying Neanderthal fossils have discovered some unusual injury patterns:

【For example, the concentration of upper limb fractures. 】

[Defensive fractures of the forearm were found in 80% of the adult male remains.]

[This suggests that their arms were frequently used to block attacks in some kind of confrontation.]

[More crucial evidence comes from the generation gap in weapons. ]

[Flint weapons that cause bone fractures are unique to Homo sapiens and are a product of the Aurignacian culture. Other human branches of the same period had not yet mastered this technology.]

[The barbed wounds found in the fossil scars point to the composite projectile weapons invented by Homo sapiens.]

[Clearly different from random injuries caused by natural disasters. 】

[This suggests that these injuries were most likely caused by weapons during combat.]

【For example, tactical damage distribution. 】

[Part of the skull showed typical penetrating wounds of an ambush attack.]

[This particular pattern of headlock injuries suggests a carefully planned strategy in the fight.]

[In stark contrast, the damage to Homo sapiens remains from the same period showed more signs of hunting accidents.]

[This difference strongly suggests that there is a systematic violent conflict between the two species.]

【The competition is not a short-term war of annihilation.】

【It’s a struggle for resources that spans hundreds of generations.】

[The ecological corridor formed during the interglacial period caused a large overlap in the living space of the two species, which inevitably led to competition for resources.]

[Homo sapiens relied on language to coordinate hunting and used traps and ambush tactics to erode the territory of their opponents.]

[Although Neanderthals continued to retreat and regroup, they were never able to overcome the technological gap. ]

[So, if it is said that Homo sapiens exterminated Neanderthals through long-term wars. ]

[Why did Neanderthals, who were intelligent and strong, lose? 】

[Although Neanderthals had an advantage in physical strength, Homo sapiens achieved major breakthroughs in some key areas.]

【For example, symbol systems. 】

[Ochre paintings found in Neanderthal caves show rudimentary artistic thinking, while Homo sapiens of the same period had already created cave paintings with narrative elements.]

[The earliest rock art, dating back about 7.3 years, clearly shows that Homo sapiens had the ability to think abstractly.]

[Through these rock paintings, they were able to record their lives, express their emotions, and achieve the transmission of information across time and space. ]

[The emergence of throwing spears about 6 years ago meant that Homo sapiens could use long-range weapons, which completely changed the distance and mode of combat.]

[Homo sapiens can attack prey or enemies from a safer distance, greatly improving the flexibility and safety of combat. ]

【Social organizations are more important! 】

[Homo sapiens demonstrated the ability to work in groups of more than 150 people.]

[Neanderthal groups were limited to about 30 people.]

【Large-scale group collaboration makes Homo sapiens more competitive in terms of resource acquisition and defense against external enemies.】

[At the same time, with the development of clothing sewing technology, the living latitude of Homo sapiens has been greatly expanded. ]

[They were able to survive in colder areas, expanding their range and encroaching on the territory of the Neanderthals.]

[This technological gap gradually became apparent in the long-term war of attrition.]

Eastern Jin Dynasty.

When Huan Wen saw this, he showed an expression of sudden enlightenment.

"Oh I got it."

"It seems that those violent and barbaric tribes in the north are like the Ni people."

"They have strong limbs but simple minds and don't understand cultural heritage."

"Nature will eventually fail."

"Not bad."

Huan Wen nodded with satisfaction.

And the sky continues.

[Homo sapiens adopted a gradual territorial encroachment strategy, gradually forcing Neanderthals to retreat to the ecological margins.]

[In addition, Homo sapiens has a tiny advantage of 0.01% per year in population growth.]

[Over the long years, these small advantages gradually accumulated and had a huge impact. ] [Due to language differences, the intergenerational transmission of knowledge has become difficult. ]

[It was difficult for Neanderthals to quickly learn and master the advanced technology of Homo sapiens, further widening the gap between the two.]

[Fossil evidence clearly shows that the contact zone between the two species continued to move northward.]

[From the Levant region 12 years ago to the final contact point on the Iberian Peninsula 4 years ago, this process vividly demonstrates the long tug-of-war. ]

【This prehistoric competition profoundly shaped human behavior patterns. 】

[Neuroscience research shows that the amygdala of the human brain is instinctively wary of unfamiliar groups.]

[This sense of territory has always played an important role in the development of human society.]

[The evolution of weapons and the development of cognition form a positive feedback loop. ]

【With the continuous advancement of technology, human beings are becoming more and more dependent on it, which further promotes the development of society. 】

【Language and art gradually become the core elements of ethnic cohesion. 】

【Through common language and artistic expression, people form a strong sense of group identity and enhance the cohesion of the group. 】

The ratio of weapons to tools in archaeological sites continues to increase, suggesting that violence has become a normal part of human history.

【It is worth our deep reflection on many behavioral patterns in today’s international conflicts. 】

【From the strategy of war of attrition to technological deterrence. 】

[Their original prototypes can be found in the fossil record of 100,000 years ago. ]

[Humanity's aggressive nature may stem from this million-year-old competition.]

[When two intelligent species meet, territorial awareness and survival instinct give rise to the most lasting form of conflict. ]

[This competitive consciousness written in our genes still influences the war patterns and technological development of human society.]

The video ends here.

Barrages of comments also flew out one after another.

《Reminds me of The Croods.》

“So many ancient legends have stories about defeating giants?”

"Neanderthals should have a larger brain capacity and were more intelligent, but barbarism conquering civilization is never new on this planet."

"A larger skull does not necessarily mean a higher IQ; it depends on the difference in brain structure."

"The truth is that Neanderthals don't know how to work in a team."

"Neanderthals lived in family groups, which were too small."

"Homo sapiens has strong language skills and a high level of organization."

"In fact, it was not Homo sapiens who specifically killed Neanderthals, but all ethnic groups were killing each other."

"The other Homo sapiens were unable to break the moves taught by the same master, so the Neanderthals were killed directly. "

"It is said that the Neanderthal portion of modern Homo sapiens' genes is 2%. "

"The proportion of Neanderthal genes in our bodies once reached 10%, but it has been decreasing, and now only 2% is left."

"The higher the volume of the Neanderthals, the harder it is to reproduce."

"The risk of stroke, heart disease, depression, and diabetes is caused by Neanderthal genes."

What about Peking Man and Yuanmou Man?

"They are Homo erectus, which went extinct 20 years ago, just as Homo sapiens emerged."

"Chiyou might be a Neanderthal."

"You are going too far. What kind of unofficial history is this?"

"It's hard to imagine how the last Neanderthal tribe felt on the eve of their extinction..."

After watching this video, the ancient people also gained some knowledge.

Spring and Autumn.

Confucius said with deep emotion:

"I didn't expect that in the prehistoric era when there was no Zhou ritual."

"Our human ancestors fought this bloody battle for 10 years."

"The wars at that time must have been more brutal, direct and unsystematic than the wars in the Great Zhou Dynasty today."

"And the bloodline that can be passed down from that era."

"They must all be top-level experts."

“I can only say that our ancestors were great.”

"Not only our ancestors, but also the efforts made by the Chinese people now and in the future to continue the Chinese bloodline."

“And they are all worthy of respect.”

Confucius first thought with awe about the protracted war in ancient times, which might even have lasted for 100,000 years.

Then Confucius sighed and said:
"But it's just as Tianmu said."

“War has become an eternal theme of mankind and a part of our human life.”

“Even if the world follows the Zhou rituals and restores the kingly way, I am afraid that wars will still continue and those unjust wars will still occur.”

"How can my thoughts continue in the eternal war?"

“How to adapt?”

"This will be the focus of our study and research in the next period of time." (End of this chapter)