The top student must be diligent.

Chapter 227 Paper Publication
Xiao Yi looked at the results of his calculations in disbelief, his face full of surprise.

After he derived the unknown quantity representing aperture acceleration, he found that this unknown quantity still could not be resolved. At least, from the surface, it was impossible to see the physical meaning it represented.

A top physicist can see the physical meaning behind a mathematical formula.

To put it simply, it’s like Einstein’s mass-energy equation, E=mc^2.

From this formula, anyone who has studied physics can clearly understand that it represents the relationship between mass and energy. Even a very small mass contains enormous energy.

Physicists can then imagine that if the annihilation of mass can be achieved, a large amount of energy can be obtained, and then this energy can be utilized to help humans obtain energy benefits that far exceed the cost.

But unfortunately, the first thing humans thought of at that time was to build a super bomb.

But in short, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion technologies were born that way.

Of course, given the general education people receive today, the mass-energy equation is already a very simple physical formula. Quite a lot of people can see the physical phenomenon behind this formula. However, top physicists can still see the physical meaning from more complex formulas.

And Xiao Yi is undoubtedly such a top physicist.

In the past, he was able to understand the physical meaning of almost all physical formulas, and could even simulate the physical phenomena they represented in his mind.

But when faced with this unknown quantity that he ultimately derived using quantum Hodge theory, he couldn't see it.

This shows that the meaning behind it cannot be explained by the theoretical knowledge Xiao Yi currently possesses.

Until he tried to re-observe this unknown quantity in the form of X-particles.

The connection between the two allowed Xiao Yi to find a way out.

"X-particles..."
The X particle is the key factor that makes the W boson superheavy.

And now, it has become the key factor in this mysterious aperture acceleration phenomenon.

Xiao Yi frowned and thought.

It seems that their previous experimental situations on the aperture acceleration phenomenon have also been explained.

In those experiments, they conducted various observations and did not find any changes in other surrounding particles when electrons passed through the aperture and were accelerated.

It seems that the electrons accelerate on their own, without any other reason.

But now, these situations have been explained, and it turns out that they were caused by X particles.

After all, X-particles themselves are very mysterious. According to some rough calculations, if humans want to discover the existence of X-particles in particle colliders, they still need to increase the energy of particle collisions by at least twenty times, or even higher.

In order to achieve this goal, the related projects of the Future Circular Collider originally planned to be built by CERN have begun to be shelved, in the hope of obtaining more funds from the EU and other member states, so as to expand the scale of the Future Circular Collider.

The current planned maximum collision energy of future circular colliders is only about 7 times that of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which is about 100 Tev, while the maximum collision energy of the Large Hadron Collider is 13-14 Tev.

But no matter what, it is very difficult to build a collider with a collision energy at least 20 times that of the LHC.

This not only means that the construction cost will become higher, but also means that the future maintenance cost will increase exponentially.

All in all, there is still a long way to go before we can directly prove the existence of X-particles.

However, Xiao Yi suddenly narrowed his eyes and began to think.

"If we apply this principle of aperture acceleration to a particle collider, wouldn't it be possible to directly increase the energy of the collision?"

This is a very feasible application method, and can even greatly reduce the construction cost of the collider.

Increase the speed of particles by 10 times...

Of course, in a particle collider, this cannot be simply described as a 10-fold increase in particle speed.

For example, in the proton collision of the LHC, the speed of protons has been accelerated to 99.9999991% of the speed of light. In this case, it is obviously impossible to directly increase the speed tenfold. Therefore, more fundamentally speaking, the aperture acceleration phenomenon is more of a direct imparting of energy.

Therefore, the electrons in aperture acceleration obtain energy that can increase their speed tenfold out of thin air... No, it should be some effect brought by X particles.

Of course, because the aperture acceleration phenomenon originally discovered is only the speed of the current in the battery, its speed itself is not very fast, so it can be improved tenfold. According to the formula K=1/2mv^2, it is basically equivalent to a hundred times increase in energy.

This is undoubtedly an amazing energy boost.

However, it cheered up Xiao Yi a little.

"If this effect is used in the engine of a spacecraft..."

It is easy to imagine that any spacecraft will be given incredible power.

Of course, for the time being, this scene can only exist in theory. After all, how to stably reproduce aperture acceleration is still a problem.

This probably requires a more in-depth study of X particles.

Moreover, there is another most critical question, since it is related to X-particles, why can aperture acceleration only occur within the carbon nanopore?
Is carbon something extra special?
Xiao Yi also used his imagination and thought that carbon is the cornerstone of life elements. Perhaps it is precisely because of the relationship between carbon and X particles that the birth of life has the source of power.

Of course, as to why life came into being, Xiao Yi was very clear that this was a goal that was even more distant than achieving nuclear fusion.

"Well, let's not think about these things for now. However, with this basic introduction, I can have a deeper understanding of carbon."

Xiao Yi stopped writing, picked up his phone, called Liu Xiaodong and asked him to come to the office. Soon Liu Xiaodong arrived at the office.

"Professor Xiao, what do you want to talk to me about?"

Xiao Yi pushed the draft paper towards Liu Xiaodong and said, "I think I have figured out the cause of the aperture acceleration, but the result is still questionable."

Liu Xiaodong's surprised expression suddenly turned into confusion.

What do you mean?
Why still have doubts?
It was not until he took the draft papers and took a quick look that he was shocked: "It's actually related to X-particles?"

Although he is a materials researcher, as someone who studies nanotechnology, it is natural that he will also do a lot of research on quantum mechanics.

Of course, after discovering the aperture acceleration phenomenon, he naturally thought that this phenomenon might be caused by quantum mechanics, so he also spent a lot of time studying quantum mechanics.

That was why he still had some knowledge of the X-particles that Xiao Yi had originally created.

Xiao Yi nodded slightly: "If my mathematical derivation is correct."

Liu Xiaodong became excited: "Isn't this another proof of the existence of the X particle? Professor, if this paper is published, it will surely shock the physics community again!"

Xiao Yi shook his head and said, "Although we can now roughly deduce that aperture acceleration should be deeply related to X-particles, the specific process in the middle is still a problem. We may need to have a deeper understanding of X-particles before we can figure it out."

"However, I don't have any good solution for this for now."

"Of course, you can also think about how to solve this problem after you go back."

When Liu Xiaodong heard Xiao Yi say this, he was stunned and pointed at himself: "Me?"

Then he started scratching his head.

"This... Professor Xiao, you don't have any good solution, let alone me?"

Xiao Yi laughed, patted his shoulder and said, "I believe you."

Liu Xiaodong said helplessly: "I don't even believe in myself."

Xiao Yi smiled again, and then said seriously: "Okay, no matter what, I will not focus on this research for the time being. You can choose whether to continue the research or publish the paper directly."

"This paper should be able to be published in any top journal. After you publish it, it will just meet the requirements for becoming a full-time researcher. I can coordinate for you then, and you will directly become a formal assistant researcher."

Liu Xiaodong was stunned for a moment, and finally nodded solemnly: "Thank you, Professor Xiao!"

I almost didn’t get promoted to assistant researcher at Jiaotong University, but now here, not only am I very close to the position, I was even promoted ahead of schedule.

He was so touched that he couldn't express it in words, but he had already deeply remembered the help Xiao Yi had given him.

Xiao Yi smiled and waved his hands, saying: "There's nothing to thank me for. After all, weren't you the first one to discover the aperture acceleration phenomenon?" Liu Xiaodong almost shed tears. If it were at Chengdu University, his mentor would probably not admit that he was the first to discover it.

……

Next, Xiao Yi put his time back into the study of carbon, because knowing the effect of X particles on carbon also opened up more ideas for him.

At the same time, he also began to try to unify all the properties of carbon that had been summarized into an overall framework.

This overall framework is probably similar to the periodic table of elements.

The periodic table allows people to predict new elements and analyze the properties of some of them.

The carbon element framework he wants to establish will help him predict under what kind of structure the carbon element will possess the key properties of the first-wall material.

We are almost reaching this goal.

On the other hand, after another month of research, Liu Xiaodong finally gave up on solving the problem that even Xiao Yi had no good solution for the time being.

He then decided to publish the paper.

Before publishing the paper, he also informed Xiao Yi. Of course, Xiao Yi did not say anything. He expressed his support for both publication and continued research.

As for the authors, Xiao Yi is the corresponding author and first author, and he is also the first author.

As for the journal to submit to, it is naturally Science.

Because of Xiao Yi as the corresponding author, the paper was submitted almost the first day and arrived in the mailbox of Jarvan Bernas, editor-in-chief of the physics department of Science, the next day.

When Javen Bonas went to work the next day, he opened his email and took a quick look through it.
This paper soon attracted attention.

"Xiao Yi's thesis?"

With a smile, they at Science were quite grateful to Xiao Yi, as he had ruined the reputation of Nature. Now, Science basically overshadowed Nature.

However, the sub-journals of Nature are still more influential than those of Science.

Shaking his head, he no longer cared about this matter. This was what their editor-in-chief should care about.

Let’s take a look at this paper first.

"This title... "Electrons experience a huge speed increase when passing through 20-30nm pores in carbon nanoporous materials"?"

Javen Bonas narrowed his eyes and suddenly realized that this paper might not be that simple.

Then he began to read.

Until finally, shock appeared on his face.

"Gift crab...!"

"Is this true? Is this really related to X-particles?"

"Unbelievable!"

He immediately shouted out of the office: "Dorothy!"

Soon, a young female assistant came in and asked, "Professor Boras, what's the matter?"

"Help me arrange the lab, I want to do an experiment!"

As an editor-in-chief, he of course also has his own laboratory.

Therefore, if he could do the experiment himself for such a significant achievement, he would do it himself.

The laboratory was quickly arranged, and after some experiments, he obtained the same results as described in the paper.

"The speed of electrons has actually increased by more than ten times!"

He was also able to easily calculate that this was equivalent to a direct increase in energy by 100 times!
“This is simply…”

After marveling for an unknown amount of time, he seemed to have realized what kind of shock would come to the physics community next.

……

In the end, it did not exceed his expectations.

As expected, the paper made the cover of the next issue of "Science" and, as expected, directly set off the entire physics community.

Everyone was shocked by this incredible and amazing discovery.

As the editor-in-chief, Javin Bernas also accepted interviews from the media after the latest issue of "Science" was published.

"Believe me, this is definitely one of the most important physical discoveries in the past 100 years. Can you imagine it? Just by passing through a nanometer-scale aperture, the speed of electrons increased by 10 times or more! The relationship between speed and kinetic energy is a square relationship, which means that its energy is directly increased by more than 100 times!"

"This is a miracle!"

"An absolute scientific miracle!"

"Can you imagine that after you pass through a tunnel, the money you have becomes 100 times what it was before?"

"Do you think this is a miracle?"

Although Bonas's metaphor sounded a bit strange, the reporter quickly got the meaning of it.

The money increased 100 times out of thin air. If this is not a miracle, then what else can be considered a miracle?

In addition to Bonas, Edward Witten was also interviewed and said: "It is certain that this discovery is the most important discovery in the field of physics!"

"Just think about it. If we can stably reproduce this tenfold speed increase and then use it in superconductors, according to the formula I=neSv, the current will directly increase tenfold!"

"As for why we need superconductors, it is because in a circuit with resistance, the resistance will affect the actual speed of the current, and we must consider the heat generation, so the best situation is to use this aperture acceleration effect in a superconductor."

"To some extent, this can directly increase all the electricity we generate by a hundred times! Before nuclear fusion is achieved, perhaps this will help humans find another efficient and clean energy source."

"Why do we call it clean energy? Think about it, by using this effect, we can reduce pollution to one hundredth of the original with the same energy output. Do you think this is a clean energy?"

The reporter asked in surprise: "Does this mean that the aperture acceleration effect can be regarded as an intermediate energy technology for the transition of human civilization to nuclear fusion civilization?"

However, when hearing this question, Witten was silent for a while, and then he said: "To some extent, this is feasible, but to another extent, this technology may be more like a transitional technology for us to advance from nuclear fusion civilization to a lower level of civilization."

"Because this technology involves X-particles, if we don't understand X-particles, it may be difficult for us to stably reproduce the aperture acceleration phenomenon. Moreover, even if we understand X-particles, there is still a considerable difficulty."

"Think about it. What is the diameter of an electron? It is generally considered to be a point particle with no size in the classical sense. Experimentally, its interaction scale is about 10^18 meters or smaller. Then, such a small thing has to pass through a cavity of more than 10 nanometers, which is about the size of a cell to the earth, and get accelerated more than times. Can you imagine how difficult it is to stably reproduce this phenomenon?"

The reporter was stunned. This sounded really difficult.

But then the reporter asked again: "I heard that CERN is ready to try to study this project. It is even said that if there is a chance, it can also help the discovery of X particles and even the strings in string theory?"

Hearing this question, Witten smiled and said, "There is indeed a chance. Although we cannot reproduce this phenomenon stably, if the positrons and electrons emitted accidentally happen to be accelerated, and two accelerated positrons and electrons happen to collide with each other, there is indeed a chance that it will help discover X particles."

"As for the discovery of strings..."

Witten shook his head and said, "I think it is highly unlikely, because to find strings, you need collisions at the Planck energy level, which is about 10^15 times that of the Large Hadron Collider."

But then he smiled and said: "Of course, if supersymmetric particles can be discovered, it can also provide indirect proof for string theory."

"I am looking forward to the day when their experiment succeeds."

……

(End of this chapter)