Lin Gao Qiming

Chapter 379 Small Loans

"The difference is huge." Wu Nanhai explained that there are actually many kinds of landlords. Most of the landlords we are familiar with are those who exploit in the form of tenant farming - these landlords directly divide the land into small pieces for tenants.According to the traditional landlord-tenant relationship in China, once the land is tenanted, what to plant and how to plant it are the tenant’s business. As long as the tenant can pay the rent, the landlord has no right to interfere with the tenant’s production activities.Sometimes even the right to change tenants is lost.Therefore, they don't care about improving agricultural technology, and mainly focus on how to deal with tenants and ask them to pay rent in full and on time.

"By contrast, landowners are a bit like modern agricultural capitalists. They hire long-term labor and short-term labor and pay wages. Some are even tenants themselves, so there is a strong demand for high profits through land-because it cannot be simply In order to obtain profits by increasing rents, they have to ask for more production from the land—they have a stronger demand for agricultural technology.”

"Tenants? Since they are tenants, why are they still landlords?"

"Hehe, you don't know that during the land reform there was a term called tenant rich peasant. In fact, it is inappropriate to call this kind of person a landlord. They are professional land managers, usually with a lot of money or specialized technology, and they want to Landlords directly tenant a large area of ​​land and make profits by planting high-value-added cash crops.”

"That's right." Wan Lihui nodded, a little ashamed, "I'm still a farmer—"

"Hehe, the rural society you were born in is no longer such a society." Wu Nanhai said, "The Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions in this time and space are the era of the rise of operating landlords, but they mainly grow cash crops. There are not many operating landlords who only grow grain. They are the ones we want to support.”

"Operating landlords are very capitalist," Ye Yuming said, "it is a representative of advanced productive forces in this time and space."

"So our agricultural policy is: support operating landlords, protect owner farmers, crowd out tenant landlords, and gradually make them disappear or transform into operating landlords."

"What about the tenants? With the elimination of the tenant landlords, the tenants will lose their living space, and the executive committee does not plan to carry out land reform. How will the land of these people be resolved? Under the tenancy system, at least they still have a way to survive. If it’s gone, wouldn’t they not even be able to eat bitter food?”

"Lingao has a lot of wasteland, distribute seeds, cultivate cattle, help them open up wasteland, organize them to repair water conservancy..."

Wu De directly objected: "It's just a new batch of Lingao small self-cultivating farmers who have spent so much effort. We don't need to expand the grassroots of self-cultivating farmers here-it's useless to us."

"That's not bad. Small farmers will be desperate to defend their land and their homes."

"The working class will also be very desperate, and the working class will have nothing, and will not think about going back to sow in spring and harvest in autumn." Wu De joked, "Well, in fact, it is not necessary for ordinary people to defend their homes. Fifty acres of land can be planted—as long as this society is rich, stable and happy for you.”

"As for the digestion of excess labor, there are many solutions, and the simplest solution is industry." Wu De continued, "Then agriculture itself, we don't need farmers, we need agricultural workers. Except for a few crops, other crops All are intensively planted on a large area of ​​land."

Wen Desi coughed and was about to speak when Li Quan from the farm came in cautiously with a tray.This little girl who was taken in by Zhang Xingjiao from Goujiazhuang along with her mother, has been raised in the farm for more than half a year, and has turned into a very cute loli, combing two black whips and wearing a clean thin silk shirt , big eyes flickering.

"Chairman Wen, please drink tea," Li Quan said with a sweet smile.She is young, but she is quite familiar with the main characters in the time-traveling group—these are "big shots" who often appear in the farm.

"Okay, thank you." Wen Desi picked up the porcelain teacup.The little girl smiled, and brought the teacups to everyone one by one. It was probably rare to see such a cute little girl. Everyone's greedy eyes fell on her, making the little girl flushed.Quickly back out.

Wen Desi let out a cold "hum".

"Li Quan is studying in a national school. She is very smart. Xiao Zishan wrote her a letter of recommendation and plans to let her go to a military and political school..." Wu Nanhai looked around, summoned up his courage and whispered.

"Go to military and political school? It's too young!" Wen Desi was puzzled, and didn't understand what Wu Nanhai meant when he said this.

"You won't be young in a few years." Wu Nanhai blushed a little, and he didn't seem to want to say this much. At this time, Ye Yuming started to speak again, so he had to interrupt. Ye Yuming is now introducing the target There are also measures for small farmers and small landowners.

For this group, Tiandihui mainly promotes livestock planting technology and engages in contract farming, and the Agricultural Committee underwrites all of them.

This kind of business is not simply sending chickens and ducks directly to farmers, but a business that uses small loans.

"I suggest that this matter be handed over to Delong Grain Bank," Ye Yuming said, "If Delong thinks the business is too amateurish, he can delegate it to the Agricultural Committee to do it himself..."

"It's okay, Delong itself is a financial institution, and it is also its duty to engage in small loans." Yan Ming said, "This is better, and it is easier to calculate."

He proposed that during the issuance process, the grain circulation coupons will be issued directly, and the lender will buy a number of poultry to raise in Tiandi with the grain circulation coupons.The amount of this kind of loan is very small, and the value is a small loan of five to ten chickens.

Farmers buy chicks from Tiandihui, raise them up, and submit 20 eggs to Tiandihui as the principal and interest of the chicks.Then Tiandi will buy them uniformly at the price of several circulation coupons per egg.When the laying hens are old, they can be sold to food factories to make chicken products.

"You can open a small food processing factory as a joint venture with local big landlords. We provide the technology and they are in charge of management. The downstream raw materials are controlled by the Tiandihui, and the upstream sales are controlled by the Ministry of Commerce. Even if the factory is owned by the big landlords, they are just It’s a processing factory, it can’t be tossed about.”

Ye Yuming explained his plan in one breath.

"There is a process problem here." Wu Nanhai said, "The loan they received was a negotiable certificate, and the farm was returned eggs. But the farm can't use eggs to repay the grain bank loan."

"I don't think so." Wen Desi said, "Let's not talk about the comparison between physical loans and monetary loans here. Have you ever seen poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas? First, the poverty alleviation funds are directly distributed, and farmers receive them directly. The money was all spent. Later, it was changed to chickens, pigs, sheep, etc., and they were slaughtered and eaten in a few days after taking them back. Then they said they were sick and died. What do you think? Do you want to pursue it?" There is no guarantee that farmers in this time and space are more honest and trustworthy than farmers in another time and space.

"So rather than making a loan, it's better to make it a futures model. First, provide high-quality varieties for free, and then sign a contract with farmers to buy them at a negotiated price, and pay a certain deposit in advance. At least in this way, the poultry will not be eaten directly. Yes. In addition, poultry farming has certain risks. Once the poultry gets sick, it will die in batches. It is easy to cause farmers to go bankrupt and cause resentment because they can’t afford it. At that time, it will affect the reputation of the people and the stability of the local society. Therefore, the breeding of livestock and poultry should be Let’s put it in the back, let’s talk about the popularization of fine crops first.”

"This can be called a micro-loan. I think less than 10 chickens will not bankrupt people, right? If they all die and can't pay back, they will be sent to a labor camp to work for a month to pay off the debt." Ye Yuming Said, "If you are still afraid that it is inappropriate, let the family members of the employees come to breed first. Besides, if you give them for free, they will be eaten and died of illness,"

"If the farmer feels that the benefits of completing the contract are greater than simply eating the chicken and drinking the deposit, he will do a good job." Wen Desi shrugged, "Of course, people in some chronically poor areas don't think so Yes. If the people in Lingao are relatively enterprising working people, contract agriculture should be able to be implemented. I oppose microfinance mainly because of two concerns: First, the local people may not have this idea to borrow money to operate; The second is that loans are always easy to combine with things that have negative effects such as usury. It is difficult to promote."

"Mr. Wen, you worry too much about the concept of borrowing. There are not only rural loans in Lingao, but also a variety of forms." Yan Ming did a survey and found that small-scale lending in local rural areas is quite common.Farmers often use this method to buy fertilizers and farm tools, and they also use them to survive the famine when crops are in short supply.The lenders are mainly local landlords and rich households, mainly in kind.There are various kinds of interest, ranging from mutual-aid loans conducted by local gentry clans with an annual interest rate of less than one cent and five percent, to usury loans with a monthly interest rate of one cent.

"Generally speaking, farmers still have a certain awareness of borrowing. If our loan interest rate is low, farmers will be willing to borrow. If we want to further avoid risks, we can formulate a standard to evaluate customers and carry out risk control." Yan Ming said. He is very interested in small agricultural loans - after all, this will be his first loan business. Although the business is small, it has a beginning after all.

"If this is the case, we won't be able to increase the income of local farmers and win the hearts of the people. The poor people will get nothing..."

"We have to take into account," Wen Desi said after some thought. "The poor peasants who are so poor that they have nothing to do with their homes will not be granted. The loan should start with small farmers. The standard should be lowered, and the coverage should be wider, so as to benefit the public as much as possible." "

(End of this chapter)