Rise of the 1630s South America

Chapter 1350 Industry-University-Research System ([-])

October 1663, 10, sunny, Ping'an County.

In the famous Senior High School Affiliated to the Academy of Natural Sciences, Liu Xuefei had just finished teaching chemistry to a group of high school students.The content of the course is how to use the battery pack to decompose various chemical substances, such as how caustic soda is decomposed into hydrogen, oxygen and sodium under the condition of electrification. It's been taught in the course.

There is no doubt that the High School Affiliated to the Academy of Natural Sciences and the High School Affiliated to the Academy of Engineering Technology, the only senior high schools in the country, have already represented the highest academic level of the new generation of the East Coast Republic. It is also the highest level on this planet, just relying on the large amount of knowledge beyond the era they have mastered.

Liu Xuefei is the daughter of ex-*** Liu Weimin. Since she was a child, she loved chemistry. She took advantage of her status and her talent which was not too outstanding, and was recruited to study in the high school affiliated to the Academy of Natural Sciences. She has graduated so far. Almost ten years.In the past ten years, she has been working in the Academy of Natural Sciences, who loves chemistry, and occasionally teaches part-time in the affiliated high school, teaching a group of students selected after strict screening to pass on the knowledge.

It is worth mentioning that the only two high schools in the country do not enroll students every year. Due to their unique operation mode, teachers (mostly professional researchers) do not have much energy and time to teach students. .The "students" here are not so much students as research assistants or apprentices, because in addition to their daily studies, they also have to participate in various scientific experiments and technological breakthroughs, and even in some places. In the projects of enterprise cooperation, they also serve as technical guides.To borrow a term from later generations, these people are all out-and-out "the proud sons of heaven".

That is to say, the knowledge they possess may only be limited to the high school level of later generations (the knowledge level of some in-depth research may be higher), but what they do is completely like the graduate students of later generations. Jingui, the students trained over the years are now basically the backbone of R&D departments of various companies, technical secondary schools, and education departments, and have played a huge role in improving the basic technology level of the East Coast.

Don’t you see, over the past few years, there have been fewer and fewer domestic handicraft workshops on the East Coast, and many backward production methods have also become mechanized production methods, or at least semi-mechanized production.The design of these production lines, the research and development of production equipment, the follow-up evaluation and improvement of performance are all done by these high school students. We from later generations can laugh at their narrow knowledge and insufficient depth, but we absolutely cannot Laugh at their strong hands-on ability and ability to apply the knowledge they have mastered.

Liu Xuefei once heard about such a case. At that time, she had not yet entered the high school affiliated to the Academy of Natural Sciences. In order to solve the problem of transferring gas from one container to another in order to solve the problem of transferring gas from one container to another in the first class of students, she suddenly Fantastically designed a device that was later called a gas collection tank-his idea is very simple, that is, the second container is filled with water and placed upside down in the sink, and then the mouth of the first container filled with gas is lifted from the bottom. Face the mouth of the second container, and the gas will be collected into the second container - this kind of inspiration instantly opened up everyone's thinking, and then a more perfect and reliable gas collecting tank is located at the base of this idea. It was developed on a basic basis, and then improved continuously to get what it is now.

This kind of innovation is undoubtedly the spark of wisdom. Traveling through the crowd may have more knowledge than them, but IQ or wisdom really depends on talent, and this is what they have been doing in junior high schools across the country for so many years. The reason for the selection process among students and the selection of seemingly talented children to enter these two high schools (more precisely, research institutions) for further study.They need successors and inheritors of knowledge too much. If they rely solely on these three melons and two jujubes, they will not be able to do much in 30 years, because they do not have the energy and may not have much motivation.

Of course, not all junior high school students who were not selected for high school went to work. Many of them were also absorbed by various secondary specialized schools, such as the Dayuhe Youth Cadre School in Dongfang County of the capital, the Secondary School of Law, and the capital Medical School, Navigation School, Dingyuan Army Officer School, Customs School, Qingdao Road and Bridge School in Qingdao County, Finance and Accounting Specialized School, West Lake Agricultural Technology School in Xihu County, Ping'an Metallurgical Secondary Specialized School in Ping'an County, etc.In addition, the schools run by various enterprises also absorb some of these junior high school students, such as the schools invested by large trust enterprises such as the Railway Machinery Processing Plant, the Southern Rolling Stock Plant, the First Heavy Machinery Plant, and the Central Railway Company. Of course, the scope of knowledge taught by these enterprises It is relatively narrow, and the content is more practical. After all, it also provides further education for the employees of the enterprise, and the content cannot be too profound.

Over the past 30 years since the development of the East China Republic, compared with the rapid progress in architecture and machinery, the development of basic disciplines such as chemistry and physics has not been satisfactory.Of course, this is not to say that they have no development. On the contrary, they have made great progress, but this progress is mostly concentrated in the theoretical field, that is, they have not been able to develop these industries due to limitations in materials, technology, funds or policies. , and the focus is more on cultivating basic talents, perfecting theories (recovery theories to be precise), and formulating various standards and tools. This is the "industry-university-research system" that the masters of the Ministry of Science and Technology have been mentioning.

Of course, some people may say that the East Coast people have not made any progress in the chemical industry.For example, in recent years, after solving the manufacturing problems of some important intermediate products, the output of dyes (aniline violet, anilin black, anilin green, etc.) extracted and produced from coal tar has also increased, although It has not yet been able to achieve the level of large-scale industrial production, and it can only be prepared in the laboratory, but its output has increased too much compared to the original.Although the East Coast has spent a lot of money importing vegetable and mineral dyes from abroad every year in recent years, the gap has been made up a lot, and the great strides forward of the dye industry in the future are extremely promising.

However, these so-called achievements are not enough compared to the rapid development of machinery, construction, papermaking, and textile industries. Therefore, the Institute of Chemistry of the Academy of Natural Sciences has proposed to its superiors that after 30 years of national key development of machinery and other industries, Whether it is also possible to greatly invest in the field of chemistry to improve the level of the entire chemical industry.After all, the Institute of Chemistry can't always rely on coal tar, dyes, tri-acids and two-alkali to get its money's worth.

After teaching the students, Liu Xuefei went back to the office to drink a cup of yerba mate tea, took a short rest, and then hurried to the North Chemical Plant in Jushu Township in a carriage.This large-scale chemical trust, which was formed by the merger of the original First Chemical Industry and North Soda Manufacturing, now has a fairly large production scale. The production scale of concentrated sulfuric acid and soda ash is particularly large, with hundreds of tons per year. Used in papermaking, glass, soap, printing and dyeing, steel and other industries - Guangping'an Iron and Steel Plant and Tieling Special Steel Plant consume hundreds of tons of soda ash every year, and the gap is still very large, and many times they have to produce without soda ash; In addition, the Henan glass factory also consumes tens of tons of soda ash every year. Several large textile factories, leather workshops everywhere, flour fermentation, water treatment, printing and dyeing and other industries also need to consume a large amount of soda ash, so that the country has to call for The export of soda ash to foreign countries (mainly the United Provinces and the Ottoman Empire) was stopped, and domestic use was prioritized.

Therefore, Northern Chemical has devoted almost all its energy to the expansion of the soda ash production line in recent years. However, with the gradual expansion of domestic industrial production scale and the increase in overseas market demand, the production of soda ash cannot keep up with consumption. Now The North Chemical Plant has already made a fuss, and plans to expand three soda ash production lines based on the Lublin method at one go (as for sodium sulfate, one of the raw materials, it is imported from Yancheng Port to solve the problem), hoping to meet the demand gap in the market.

However, it is easy to expand the production line, as long as there is enough investment and skilled workers (this is not difficult to solve after some time), but the large amount of residue and tail gas produced by the Lublin method of alkali production is a big trouble, such as calcium sulfide, etc. Alkaline residue, a large amount of precious sulfur is trapped in it (every ton of soda ash is produced, 1 tons of residue are produced, the poor east bank imports a large amount of sulfur every year and the sulfur recovered by the coking plant is not enough for them to toss), but the east bank People are still researching the market use of calcium sulfide waste for the time being, and have not yet explored a complete commercial waste treatment technology; another example is the large amount of hydrogen chloride gas produced, which is easy to deal with. People on the east coast tried to absorb it into water in the early days. Hydrochloric acid, but to be honest, the consumption of hydrochloric acid is not large on the east coast today. The by-products produced by the northern chemical plant's soda production are accumulating in the warehouse, and even have to be used to flush the toilet for cleaning. It is very helpless.

However, the Academy of Natural Sciences is not a dry meal. After several years of hard work, the research and development team headed by Liu Xuefei has basically explored a set of solutions for the industrial consumption of this by-product of hydrochloric acid, which can produce a large amount of water. In terms of economic benefits, she came here this time for the finishing work of this production line.

"Leader Liu, this way." Song Qiang, the director of the Northern Chemical Factory, stood at the door of the workshop and waved his hand.Song Qiang, who was the director of both the First Chemical Industry and the North Soda Factory, almost single-handedly pulled the largest chemical group on the east coast. In chemical production—especially sulfuric acid and Soda ash - the field can be said to have contributed a lot.He was already in his 60s and was going to retire to take care of his life, but he still decided to retire after completing the commissioning of the final "original version of chlor-alkali industry" because he couldn't let go of the Northern Chemical Industry. We all want to be perfect.

"Leader Liu, the Chemistry Institute of your Academy of Natural Sciences has come up with something good this time. I didn't expect it at the beginning." Song Qiang, whose hair was mostly gray, stepped forward, looked at the junior in front of him, and said with a smile .

"Hehe, Uncle Song, you are an old man in the chemical industry. You manage a lot of machines every day. You have to manage the production of the factory, open up the market, and train the workers. Naturally, you don't have time to do research. Of course, if your factory's technical department People have also done these tasks, so where is the face of our Institute of Natural Sciences?" Liu Xuefei said with a smile, "By the way, how is the exhaust gas treatment production line this time? Is the production of bleaching powder stable? "

"After the previous three small-scale trial productions, it has been relatively stable. The chlorine gas produced by heating hydrochloric acid and manganese dioxide reacts with the slaked lime slurry, and the quality of the liquid bleaching powder produced is very good. The feedback from the Ping An Water Supply Plant That is, we will use our bleaching powder to bleach drinking water in the future." Song Qiang said confidently, "Of course, some manufacturers hope that we can produce dry bleaching agents instead of the current liquid products, which may require some processing on the production line. Small changes."

"What does Ping'an Weaving Factory say?" Liu Xuefei asked again.

"They prefer to bleach the cotton cloth directly with chlorine gas, so the cloth will have to be sent to us, which will increase the transportation cost for no reason. But judging from their appearance, the cotton cloth products bleached with chlorine water should be sold as high-end products Yes, the price itself is high. It’s not a big deal to pass on these transportation costs. It’s really not possible. If they think it’s too far away, they can also ask Ping’an Streetcar Company to open a horse-drawn freight rail car to our factory. Special line, so the cost will be much lower.” Song Qiang said nonchalantly: “Our production line can bleach more than 1000 pieces of cotton fabrics a day, and the production capacity is completely sufficient. Compared with Ping’an Weaving Factory, Jingjiang Paper Mill’s demand for bleaching is relatively low. Bigger..."

"Hehe, I didn't expect the profits of these by-products to be quite small now. Uncle Song, please remember that the patent for the processing of by-products is owned by the Chemical Institute of the Academy of Natural Sciences. The 10% patent fee must be paid on time every year." " Liu Xuefei said with a coquettish smile after hearing this: "We are still studying the further industrial application of calcium chlorate in bleaching powder. So far, we have achieved certain results. Of course, there are still some problems such as impurity removal and reaction efficiency that cannot be solved, but It's coming soon."

Hearing this, Song Qiang understood a little bit. As a former middle school teacher, he also knew that calcium chlorate and *potassium chloride had metathesis reaction under certain conditions, and finally produced *potassium chlorate, an important chemical raw material. It has been successfully produced in a laboratory environment.However, now that Liu Xuefei said so, does it mean that the industrial production of the raw material potassium chlorate has gradually been explored?If true, that would be interesting.

(End of this chapter)