Traveling through the sword to engage in military industry.

After arranging the power of the black fish, the next step is to choose a prototype for the black fish.

Now that we have the help of the main world, no serious person would start from scratch.

The other technical aspects of the submarine have been explained before and will be studied later. Dallion has a special team that has been working towards this goal for a long time. They have designed a miniature version of the first generation prototype for testing. Although there were many difficulties encountered in the process, compared with the power part, these challenges are not that great.

Ren Zhong searched the main world and compared the various data characteristics of the first-generation nuclear submarines of various major countries.

The prototype finally chosen for the first nuclear submarine of Dongda in the world of Liangjian is the real first-generation Manta-class attack nuclear submarine developed by Rogue Eagle in the main world!
Nautilus nuclear submarine
Although the Nautilus nuclear submarine has a larger displacement and looks more powerful.

However, in this time and space, the larger the submarine hull, the more difficult it is to process. During the prototype submarine test, the size chosen by Dallion's team was less than half of the size of a real submarine, which seemed very difficult.

The Nautilus is 97.5 meters long, 8.4 meters wide, has a draft of 6.7 meters, a surface displacement of 3700 tons, and an underwater displacement of 4040 tons.

Compared with the modern main world, this size is not large, but in the 50s, it was already too large, and the overall hull lines were not smooth enough. It itself had a strong experimental nature. The reason why it had to be so large was because of many considerations and trade-offs such as the volume of the power pile.

In the main world, Rogue Eagle only built one submarine for research. The submarine they truly mass-produced was the Manta-class attack nuclear submarine, which was modified based on the Surgeon-class.

Ray-class attack submarine
The Manta-class attack nuclear submarine is an optimized and modified version of the conventional-powered submarine, the Surgeon-class.

The main dimensions of the Tang-class conventional submarine are 81.99 meters × 8.23 ​​meters × 5.18 meters, with a surface displacement of 1800 tons and an underwater displacement of 2400 tons. Compared with the Nautilus, its overall size has been greatly reduced.

However, there are still some problems in achieving nuclear-powered mass production of this prototype submarine. The hull design for a conventional submarine did not originally envision the need to match it with a nuclear power reactor. The nuclear power reactor and conventional power reactor have different size and location requirements, so the problem of coordination between the reactor and the hull must be solved.

According to the original version of the Rogue Eagle, their engineers had to make a slight enlargement in the final design plan. In the end, the main dimensions of the Manta-class attack nuclear submarine were 81.7 meters × 7.9 meters × 6.1 meters, and the height was increased to accommodate the reactor. The revised Manta-class attack nuclear submarine has a surface displacement of 2552 tons and an underwater displacement of 2851 tons.

Although the new submarine is much smaller than the Nautilus, its combat performance is quite satisfactory to the Rogue Eagle Navy.

Ren Zhong was also very satisfied after the comparison. At least after choosing this hull shape, with the size of the OK-150 reactor, it can be installed after slight improvements and reduction of some components. The driving power is also sufficient. The Ray-class attack nuclear submarine is powered by two steam turbines with a total power of only 2 horsepower, while the full power of OK-7000 is 150 horsepower!
In this way, the new submarine has more powerful power drive, which can further improve its maximum speed. The speed of the Manta-class attack nuclear submarine is now 18 knots on the surface and 20 knots underwater. If the new nuclear power reactor is replaced, this speed can be greatly increased, by more than 15%.

In terms of attack capability, the Ray-class attack nuclear submarine is equipped with a total of 8 torpedo tubes, and its one-time strike capability is also very strong. There are 6 533mm tubes at the bow and 2 57mm tubes at the stern that can launch MK480 short torpedoes. Together with the 12 torpedoes in the bow compartment and the 2 spare torpedoes in the stern compartment, each ship can be equipped with 22 torpedoes.

The power of one strike is six large torpedoes. They fire and run away, and their speed is so fast that only destroyers can catch up. However, the anti-submarine capability of the current destroyers in the world of Bright Sword is just so-so, and there are not many new methods except depth charges.

This can seriously threaten a destroyer flotilla and even has the ability to sink an aircraft carrier by surprise.

Since information on the Manta-class attack nuclear submarine is relatively easy to obtain, after the Big Blackfish project was approved, the nuclear submarine project code-named Blackfish began the hull design and construction work, reserving space for the nuclear-powered reactor. As for the rest, it was basically designed and manufactured according to the Manta-class attack nuclear submarine.

Ren Zhong continued to move forward along the path of the rogue eagle.

The reason why the second-generation Skipjack-class attack nuclear submarine was not chosen is because it is the world's first nuclear submarine with a teardrop-shaped hull. The combination of nuclear power and teardrop-shaped hull greatly increases the speed of the submarine and greatly increases the difficulty of the hull manufacturing technology!

According to current technology, Dalyan Shipyard is currently unable to process this kind of shell. For submarine production, the design and manufacture of this shell is the most challenging. In addition, there is the internal layout setting. Fortunately, with the purchase of Renzhong, these problems have solutions.

It’s not to say that it cannot be overcome at all, but Ren Zhong’s main focus now is speed. This nuclear submarine will be ready to be launched and sail in at least two years, becoming a new deterrent weapon!
With the current shipbuilding capacity, as long as the technology is fully mastered, it is entirely possible to build ships in batches of four, following the rhythm of producing one generation, conducting experimental research on one generation, and conducting theoretical research on one generation.

They produced four ships a year, with a new generation updated every five years. Before they had fully mastered the technology of large surface ships, they built fifty or sixty attack nuclear submarines in the 4s and 50s, ensuring that there were always more than twenty submarines lurking in the ocean like assassins. This scale would give any big country a headache!

In comparison, the performance indicators of Sandezi's U-boats were weak. Their short endurance and the need to surface to recharge were their most fatal weaknesses. The U-boats had a surface endurance of only 3000-6000 nautical miles at economic cruising speed, and only a few hundred nautical miles underwater (PS: Different models vary greatly, but this does not affect the success of the wolf pack tactics. Some of Sandezi's small U-boats only had an underwater range of dozens of nautical miles, which did not hinder his brilliant record. For example, the famous Sea Ghost U-46, which belongs to Sandezi's VIIB type, has a surface displacement of 735 tons, an underwater displacement of 857 tons, a surface speed of 17.2 knots, and an underwater speed of 8 knots; the endurance is 6500 nautical miles/12 knots on the surface, 90 nautical miles/4 knots underwater, and a safe diving depth of 150 meters. In 40 years, it killed 7 Allied transport ships and 1 John Cow's Carinthia auxiliary cruiser with a water volume of 20277 tons! The combat cost-effectiveness is amazingly high.)
. . .

In order to see results within two years, Ren Zhong decided to use the relatively simpler Manta-class attack nuclear submarine as the first-generation prototype for training.

Right now, Rogue Eagle is probably working hard on building the first Nautilus. According to the memory of the main world's history and time, the construction of the Nautilus began at General Electric Boat Company on June 1952, 6, it was launched on January 14, 1954, and it was put into service on September 1, 21. The speed was incredibly fast. Of course, since it's just a demonstration, it's normal that some parts are a bit rough.

Therefore, no subsequent mass production was carried out based on the Nautilus, making the Nautilus a true scientific research ship.

Now Ren Zhong is standing on the shoulders of giants. He has relatively rich structural drawings and various performance parameters of the Ray-class attack nuclear submarines and the Skipjack-class attack nuclear submarines, including the materials of core components.

In comparison, Ren Zhong's surrounding conditions are much better than those of the Rogue Eagle Nautilus.

First, his reactor is more powerful and the performance indicators of his research are higher.

Second, in terms of materials, the most core shell material steel, Rogue Eagle has not yet mastered HY-80 ultra-high strength steel, but with the heavy task of purchasing from the main world, it has successively mastered three types of ultra-high strength steel HY-80, HY-100 and HY-130, and they have been widely used on ships. The yield strength of the three special steels HY-80, HY-100 and HY-130 are 550MPa, 690MPa and 890MPa respectively.

This data means the maximum depth that a submarine can dive. According to the yield strength of HY-80 special steel, the maximum diving depth can be as high as 530 meters (Rogue Eagle Los Angeles-class attack nuclear submarine).

Theoretically, the hull is made of HY-80 high-strength special steel, and the maximum diving depth can reach 610 meters.

However, under such extreme conditions, the degree of danger to the submarine increases by orders of magnitude, so the design diving depth of submarines using HY-80 special steel is generally around 400 meters, retaining a certain safety redundancy.

The first generation of Rogue Hawk's Skipjack-class attack nuclear submarines that use HY-80 steel has a maximum diving depth of only over 200 meters due to its hull shape and manufacturing process. This is a huge waste of HY-80 performance. After all, the Rogue Hawks have no stones to touch in front of them, and they have to move forward in the dark little by little.

Ren Zhong could walk by feeling the stones of the development of the entire main world, and of course he would not make such a mistake, so the diving depth of the first generation of Big Black Fish was directly set at 400 meters. Due to the immature processing technology, most of the pressure hulls of the first generation of Big Black Fish still used HY-80 special steel, and only some key parts used HY-100 special steel. HY-130 special steel is too difficult to process, and it cannot be processed on big things like submarine hulls. Now it is used on some special components of surface ships.

However, according to Ren Zhong's estimation, the first generation of Blackfish is also invincible! First of all, it relies on the powerful output of OK-150 to achieve the powerful brick flying. With sufficient power, it can definitely challenge the title of the submarine with the highest underwater speed. I dare not say that it can reach 30 knots, but 28 knots is almost certain.

Secondly, it is invincible in terms of diving depth. Today's submarines generally operate at a diving depth of about 200 meters. This first generation of Black Fish can prevent opponents from finding any trace.

Of course, in addition to the nuclear power reactor, the current first-generation black fish has another big problem.

533mm heavy torpedo!

This thing is not simple.

Even in the main world, Todai developed domestic heavy torpedoes based on Okuma's Type 53-51 torpedoes. However, it was not until the early 70s that the Type 1 torpedo was basically finalized and entered mass production and equipped to various submarine units. It can be seen that its technical content is extraordinary, far exceeding the ten years of hard work!
However, even after such a long time of research and development, the Yu-1 torpedo, whether in terms of design level or other indicators, could not meet the combat needs of submarine forces. After all, this was a product of Daxiong in the 50s, and its speed, homing ability and other aspects were not satisfactory. It can only be said that the problem of whether there is a torpedo has been solved.

Even Ren Zhong looks down on such a weak product.

He was still staring at the Rogue Hawk's MK-48, an evergreen in the Rogue Hawk torpedo series that had been continuously developed and iterated into the new century. It was powerful enough to hit a -ton destroyer with one shot, and the explosion could directly cut the hull of a destroyer in half! It also created waves hundreds of meters high.

With this power, even an aircraft carrier weighing tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of tons cannot withstand a few hits!

Kangaroo test MK-48 attack destroyer target ship ("Torrens" destroyer)

The MK-48 torpedo is one of the torpedo series developed by the Rogue Hawk. It has a caliber of 533 mm and weighs about 1600 kg in the initial version. It uses a wire-guided + active and passive combined guidance method and has a range of about 8000 meters. This series of torpedoes are all equipped on the Rogue Hawk's attack and strategic nuclear submarines for anti-submarine and anti-ship purposes. After being updated to the modern main version, the current MK-48 MOD 5 torpedo is 5.85 meters long, 533 mm in diameter, weighs 1582 kg, has a speed of 55 knots, a range of 46000 meters, and a maximum depth of 1200 meters.

1962年流氓鹰投资67亿美刀(其中17亿美刀用于与之配套的鱼雷靶场建设)巨资，开始对Mk-48鱼雷进行招标研制，于1971年研制成功，1972年正式批量生产并投入服役，以替换原来服役的MK-37和MK-14型鱼雷。经过40多年的发展，该雷已形成了 Mk-48-0、1、2、3、4、5、ADCAP、6、7等9个型号。

Therefore, such a heavy torpedo that has experienced the baptism of time and actual combat considerations is Ren Zhong’s favorite!
Although the product is good, the technology is not simple, otherwise, Tokyo University would not have spent decades to catch up and overcome it.

After all, there are many technical routes just from the perspective of torpedo power. Thermal torpedoes use engines of different principles, such as open, semi-open or closed cycle engines. In essence, they all convert chemical energy into mechanical energy through combustion.

From the perspective of energy conservation, a torpedo moving underwater cannot obtain oxygen from the surroundings, so it must carry its own oxidant and reductant, just like a rocket flying in space must carry an oxidant. The advancement of a torpedo thermal power engine depends mainly on the energy density of the propellant.

Early thermal engines used alcohol, kerosene + compressed air fuels, with very low energy density and specific energy of only 0.197Wh/kg. Later, propellants developed rapidly, from kerosene + oxygen, kerosene + hydrogen peroxide, kerosene + nitric acid, to the widely used Otto II and its combination fuels, with specific energy reaching 470 Wh/kg, more than 2300 times higher than the original.

In this regard, Ren Zhong certainly would not start with the weak fuel and propellant of the early stage, but with Otto fuel. This thing is relatively common, and Ren Zhong spent hundreds of thousands to buy a detailed formula and a complete set of production processes for manufacturing.

Otto II is more difficult. The approximate formula is now publicly available. The so-called Otto fuel II is mainly a mixture of propylene glycol dinitrate (76%), o-nitrodiphenylamine (0.5%) and dibutyl succinate (23.5%). However, this is only a general overview of the principles. To truly prepare it into a qualified propellant, it will require a lot of research.

It is not necessarily the case in terms of use. From the general description of advanced torpedoes in the main world, high-energy two-component fuel is usually formed by adding hydroxyammonium perchlorate. However, the problem is that the heat energy generated by combustion is too high, and the material of the combustion chamber cannot absorb it due to overheating. These application problems have led to high-performance torpedoes still being a secret that only a few advanced countries in the world can pass on.

Under the guise of developing high-performance underwater submersible fuel, Ren Zhong invested several million in a chemist at Oriental University to start a research project. He also contacted several domestic chemists to jointly conduct research.

The professor's name is Avar Vieira. He is a native Portuguese, not only by nationality, but also a permanent resident in Las Vegas. With his identity, it is obviously no problem for him to search for information in the Western world and buy some raw materials and instruments. In addition, Ren Zhong also promised to support him in paying for the rental of a laboratory in Portugal.

In this way, Ren Zhong felt that he could combine the resources, wisdom and experience of the East and the West to develop the second-generation key fuel preparation method as soon as possible. After all, this time Ren Zhong borrowed Zhao Lidong's Hong Kong Island company, which was very capable and had no official connection.

Propellant is one of the links. Navigation, engine, shell manufacturing and warhead are all major issues.

There are many major technical routes for thermal torpedo engines, including piston, turbine, gas turbine, rocket engine, etc. Of course, we will not try all of them now. In this regard, Ren Zhong is moving forward by feeling the stone of MK-48.

We stick to the piston type technology route. Of course, piston engines are not simple either. Under this classification, they are further divided into reciprocating, cam, epicyclic inclined plate/swing plate and other small branches.

The Rogue Eagle main world's current main Mk48 Mod 5 heavy torpedo uses a semi-closed cycle swing plate piston engine, achieving a maximum speed of 55 knots and a maximum range of 46 kilometers.

The thermal power engine system of torpedoes during World War II basically consisted of a separate combustion chamber and a reciprocating piston device. The fuel and oxidizer ignited and burned in the combustion chamber, mixed with seawater for cooling, and formed a mixed high-temperature gas to drive the piston to do work.

In the main world, we caught a MK1978 torpedo dud by a fishing team on October 10, 9. After hard work, in 46, 1994 years after obtaining the sample, our Yu-16 was successfully developed, achieving the mainstream level of 7 knots cruising speed of MK46 torpedo and 40 knots sprint speed during pursuit.

Prior to this, the maximum speed of our "Yu-3" torpedoes in service was only 35 knots, while the Los Angeles-class nuclear submarine that entered service in 1976 had an underwater speed of 32 knots. In other words, even if we could see the submarine and launch a torpedo, we could not keep up with its pace!
The first generation of torpedoes that Ren Zhong is going to study will certainly be difficult to reach the level of the Mk48 Mod 5 heavy torpedo in terms of indicators, but after improving the propellant, there is still hope that it can reach the level of the MK46.

The sprint speed of 45 knots is basically enough for submarines, which currently generally have a speed of 20 knots, and surface ships, which have a speed of less than 35 knots.

鱼雷一代性能指标40/45节，射程10公里；鱼雷二代性能指标速度45/50节，射程25公里；鱼雷三代性能指标55节，射程40公里！按照5年一代，差不多15年的样子走到流氓鹰2000年初的水平，完全可以保持对对手的压制。

After taking care of the hard conditions of these submarines, Ren Zhong will then have to take care of the submarine's crucial avionics system, because this is only the other half of the submarine's combat power.

Submarines must be able to hide, run fast, and attack hard. These are all necessary. Another thing is that they must be able to see accurately and coordinate well. These are the soft power of submarines! Otherwise, submarines hiding under the sea are blind. They cannot see the enemy and do not know the situation of their teammates.

However, this thing is even more troublesome.

The information available is more fragmented.

(End of this chapter)