Glorious Mission 1937

The strength of the Japanese Air Force is also reflected in the quality of its soldiers and weapons and equipment. At the beginning of the outbreak of the war of aggression against China, the air and ground crews of the Japanese Army and Naval Air Forces were as well-trained as their army, with a clear combat command relationship and various guarantees. powerful.

The aircraft equipped by the Japanese army have better performance. Among them, the Type 1936 carrier-based fighter, which was put into production in 1937 and participated in the war of aggression against China in 96, has a maximum flight speed of 435 kilometers per hour and a range of 1267 kilometers. Later, various improved models were derived. 1094 were produced.The Japanese Type 96 bomber has a maximum flight speed of 372 kilometers per hour and a range of 1300 kilometers. It is equipped with 4 machine guns and 1 cannon, and can carry 800 kilograms of bombs. 1100 of them have been produced successively.These two aircraft were the most equipped aircraft by the Japanese army in the early days of the war of aggression against China.

Before the outbreak of the all-out War of Resistance Against Japan, the Chinese Air Force successively unified the air teams of various regions and factions under the leadership of the Central National Government, but the force was still very limited, the aircraft were outdated, the models were messy, and the performance was backward. Model configuration is out of proportion.In the early and mid-30s, China purchased Hawker 2, Hawker 3, Boeing-281 fighter jets, Shellack-12 attack aircraft, and Northrop-2e and Martin-139w bombers from the United States, all in limited quantities.Due to the weak industrial base in China, although some combat aircraft have been imitated, their main components still rely on imports.

As of August 1937, 8, when the Chinese Air Force officially fought against the Japanese aircraft, it had organized 14 brigades and 9 independent squadrons, equipped with 5 aircraft of various types, which was less than one-ninth of the Japanese army.Among them, 296 bombers.Accounted for 148%; 50 fighter jets, accounting for 101%; 34 reconnaissance aircraft, accounting for 41%.There are 14 pilots, and less than half of them can participate in the battle.And fighter pilot training focuses on ground attack, more experience in air combat.In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, the Chinese Air Force was in a state where the enemy was strong and we were weak, and the enemy was strong and we were inferior.

After three years of war, the Chinese Air Force lost almost all of its air force. If it weren't for the support of the Soviet Air Force to China, China's blue sky would have long been dominated by the Japanese.However, just after the Soviet Union and Japan signed the "Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Treaty", in order not to irritate the Japanese, the Soviet Union withdrew all the Chinese aid air teams and fighter pilots serving in the Chinese Air Force.For a while, the Chinese Air Force fell into a state of shortage of both man and machine.There are only 4 fighters left in the country that can fly and fight.The number of pilots also dropped sharply, if it wasn't for the timely reinforcement of Chen Feng's troops and the sale of the eliminated 620 Iraqi series fighters to the national government at a very low price.I am afraid that all the Air Force of the national "government" will be removed by the Japanese.

However, because the overall performance of the new Japanese fighters is far superior to that of the Chinese Air Force, the National Government lost less than 300 fighters in less than half a year. There are only over 300 left.

The future of the air force is worrisome, but the country cannot produce aircraft, and foreigners are forced by the pressure of the Japanese to dare not sell fighter jets to the Chinese air force. Lao Jiang has long been worried about this matter.Unexpectedly, the Americans gave him a surprise, and they were willing to support Chennault in forming an air team to aid China.

The formation of the China Aid Air Force is extremely important in itself, but the hidden meaning behind this incident is even more important.This is the prelude to the United States' participation in the war. If the United States had not participated in the war, they would not have taken such a big risk.Although these pilots all went to China as volunteers, both fighter planes and "medicine" were provided by the Americans, and there are a large number of active American pilots among them.

Then U.S. Secretary of State Hull also made a powerful oral statement in Washington. This statement was written to the Japanese ambassador who was trying to negotiate with the United States again. The statement stated: "The Secretary of State fully recognizes the Japanese ambassador and his colleagues We have brought a more friendly understanding between Japan and the United States, and made sincere efforts to establish peace in the Pacific region, and fully affirmed the candor shown by the Japanese ambassador and his colleagues in previous talks. This 『 The Government' is not inferior to the Japanese Ambassador in wishing for better relations between Japan and the United States, and for peace in the Pacific region. In the above spirit, the Secretary of State has carefully studied all points of view in the Japanese proposal." [

"The Secretary of State has no reason to doubt that the majority of Japanese leaders share the views and actions of the above-mentioned Japanese Ambassador and his colleagues in support of a noble purpose. Unfortunately, this 'government' has gathered evidence from various sources around the world , including reports from those who have expressed sincere friendship with Japan for many years, testify to the unwavering commitment of certain influential leaders of Japanese officialdom to the policy of demanding support for Nazi Germany and its policy of conquest, and to show that , the only understanding they could agree to with the United States was that if the United States pursued its present policy of self-defense and were involved in the war in Europe, Japan would fight on Hitler's side."

"The recent official statement by a spokesman for the 'government' of Japan emphasizing Japan's oath and intentions under the Triple Alliance, though without justification, its rhetoric confirms a movement that cannot be ignored. As long as these leaders Still holding public office, insisting on this attitude, and publicly trying to guide Japanese public opinion in the above-mentioned direction, it is expected that once the proposal under discussion is adopted, it will go in the desired direction and provide the basis for achieving substantive "substantial" results. It doesn't make you feel delusional!"

"Other reasons for being puzzled by the Japanese proposal is that the Japanese government seems to have inserted the Japanese government's proposal to the Chinese government to recognize Japanese troops stationed in Inner Mongolia and certain areas in North China. In terms of the peaceful settlement conditions, as a measure to resist the anti-Japanese movement and cooperate with China. This "government" has conducted a careful study of the motives of the Japanese "government" to propose such a plan. I do not want to discuss the essence of this proposal, but as As the Japanese Ambassador and his colleagues have stated on many occasions, the liberal policies upheld by the United States do not permit the "government" of the United States to endorse any course which is inconsistent with these policies."

"With regard to matters that only affect the country concerned, although there is little room for discretion in deciding to grant rights, but because the matter under consideration will affect the sovereignty of a third country, this "government" must not deal with such matters. Not very cautious.

Accordingly, in the opinion of the Secretary, this "Government" regrettably has come to the conclusion that it has to expect that the "Government" of Japan will, on the whole, give more than has been given in its desire to pursue the path of peace that constitutes the purpose of this understanding. express certain expressions.This "government" sincerely hopes that the Japanese "government" can express this attitude. "

This statement by the United States is an ultimatum to Japan. The United States believes that Japan has no sincerity in the so-called peace talks, so it directly tells the Japanese that if it is possible to talk, then show the sincerity recognized by the Americans.

This approach of the Americans is suspected to be fueling the anger of the Japanese.In addition, Japan has already learned that the United States is going to provide a large amount of war loans to the Chinese "government". anger!

While sending people to continue dealing with the United States, the Japanese military "government" ordered the troops on the Chinese battlefield to immediately increase the speed and strength of their attacks, in order to capture Changsha in the shortest possible time and deal a major blow to the Chinese army and the American "government" behind them. .

At this time, the Battle of Changsha has entered the most critical time. The Military Commission has stated that the ninth theater will stick to the established positions on both sides of the Xiangjiang River and the south of the Miluo River, strengthen resistance, keep the main force on the outer flanks, and strive to attack the enemy's back. [-]. The fifth war zone takes advantage of the emptiness to attack the enemy face to face in order to support the operations in the ninth war zone.The Sixth War Zone actively attacked the Japanese troops in Jingzhou and Yichang. After the order to recover Yichang was issued, the troops of China's Fifth, Sixth, and Ninth War Zones in the entire Central China region moved quickly.

However, to Xue Yue's surprise, due to the excellent performance of Koga Chiyoko and others in North China, at this time the strategic corps of the Japanese Army in North China, Central China, and South China had formed intelligence units for intelligence investigation work. The telegrams of the group army and each army were stolen and deciphered by the Japanese special intelligence department and sent to the 11th Army.

阿南唯几与手下的一众高级参谋经过商议之后，第11军原定沿长(沙)岳(阳)公路突进至汨罗江南岸后将主力第3师团使用于湘江方面,当获悉第九战区以4个师守备汨罗江既设阵地,而将主力置于战场东部的瓮江等地侧击日军的情报后,立即改变原定部署,令第3师团逐次转向浯口、瓮江东侧地区,令第40师团、第6师团从东面山地迂回,对中国第37、第26、第10军形成合围态势,予以歼灭。

11月10日，日军第3、第6师团及早渊支队从骆公桥、新市、磨刀石、浯口等渡河点强渡汨罗江,突破第37军前进阵地。守军向主阵地撤退。日军第40师团配属荒木支队,击退第4军侧击后,留江藤支队掩护补给线,主力转向新官桥、瓮江以东地区,预定经平江迂回南进。

11月12日,日军在航空兵支援下向第37军主阵地攻击，双方激战3天，不分胜负。至16日,日军第3师团突破守军主阵地,将第95师、第140师包围。第37军奉命向麻林市突围转移,伤亡甚重。

而战场的另一侧，日军第6师团从浯口向瓮江北侧转进,与刚刚到达战场的中国第26军遭遇。日军凭借优势兵力节节进『逼』,向第26军第44师右翼包围。第26军令第32师向浯口日军后方攻击,适与第3师团后续部队遭遇,激战至14日,第32师伤亡较大,被迫后退。第26军各师有被分割危险。第九战区令第26军以蒲塘为中心,各师靠拢,阻击日军。第26军立即调整部署,令第32、第41、第44师在蒲塘四周构成环形防御。16日,日军第40师团也加入对第26军的攻击。

Since the battle plan was learned by the Japanese army, the three major theaters of the National Government were completely passive, and the situation was extremely critical! [

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