Borrow the day to change the day

() "Although the long-term approach is cumbersome, it is the most stable. It can be summed up in one sentence, knowledge inheritance, and then innovation."

Zhong Jinwei first gave Emperor Chongzhen a summary, and then began to elaborate: "First, to carry out universal education, you must first be able to read and write. This is the foundation. Only in this way can experience be easily accumulated and passed on."

The matter of universal education has been mentioned before, and Emperor Chongzhen has promised to allocate education funds from the profits of state-owned enterprises.So, no problem with this.

But to Xu Guangqi's ears, it was great news.He wanted to interrupt, but seeing Zhong Jinwei talking endlessly, he had no choice but to hold back.

"Secondly, after basic education for all people, detailed education should be carried out. Farmers should focus on learning agricultural knowledge; merchants should learn to calculate and keep accounts; carpenters should learn carpenter's knowledge; blacksmiths should learn blacksmith's knowledge, etc."

Zhong Jinwei knew that he wanted to emphasize this, so he said: "Your Majesty, these learnings are not teaching by precept and deed. If you know too little, if the master has something good or bad, it may be too late to pass it on to the apprentice. Your Majesty can think about it, if there is no invention since ancient times. Words. What will it look like now if only relying on precepts and deeds, from this we can see the importance of passing on knowledge through words."

Emperor Chongzhen nodded. According to this statement, he can clearly understand the necessity of inheriting various crafts through writing.

Zhong Jinwei did not stop to let Emperor Chongzhen express his opinion, and continued: "In addition, what I am referring to is that these studies are systematic studies, not only to teach how to do it well, but also to know why you do it. These must go to the school Only then can we learn, after all, it is impossible for an old farmer to know so much."

After emphasizing this content, Zhong Jinwei returned to the train of thought just now: "This detailed education is divided into stages, from basic to complex. After each stage, selection is carried out, and the best among them are selected for further study to learn more profound knowledge. Knowledge. Repeatedly, if the top group of people enter the research institute for research, it will get twice the result with half the effort."

According to Zhong Jinwei's description, Emperor Chongzhen imagined that among the 5000 million people in the Ming Dynasty, some of the top people in all walks of life were selected at every level, and then they came out to do things. What kind of achievements would they make? I am really looking forward to it.

"Okay, after the establishment of the state-owned enterprise, I will definitely focus on education for all." Emperor Chongzhen promised Zhong Jinwei.

"Your Majesty, I have something to do." Xu Guangqi finally couldn't bear it anymore and interrupted the conversation between Emperor Chongzhen and Zhong Jinwei.

Only then did Emperor Chongzhen remember that there was a Zuo Shilang from the Ministry of Rites standing beside him, turned to him, and asked him with a smile, "Xu Qing, what's the matter with you?"

"Your Majesty, if education for all is carried out in Daming, I implore Your Majesty to join the mathematics class." Xu Guangqi asked sincerely with a solemn face.

Unexpectedly, Xu Guangqi would come to join in the fun. Emperor Chongzhen was very interested and asked him: "All the people study mathematics. What is Xu Qing's reason? Tell me."

Xu Guangqi wanted to say it last year when he published "Revised Years and Calendars", but because Emperor Chongzhen was assassinated, he didn't write it. Now he finally has a chance to say it: "Yes, Your Majesty."

Then, Xu Guangqi analyzed the relationship between mathematics and other sciences and the role of mathematics in production practice to Emperor Chongzhen.

"Using mathematics, you can calculate the movement of the sun, the moon, and the stars, so as to predict the rain, rain, and drought. This is one of them."

"Second, good at degree, able to make machines, with small force and heavy responsibilities, to make all kinds of machines for civilian use and benefit the people's livelihood."

After hearing Xu Guangqi's two points, Emperor Chongzhen thought it made sense, so he listened carefully.

"Thirdly, the land of the world, its north, south, east, west, vertical and horizontal distance, straight and vast, mountains, seas and fields, high, deep and wide, can be surveyed and mapped by mathematical methods, and there is no error in the size of the road."

Xu Guangqi saw that Emperor Chongzhen was listening carefully, so he spoke more vigorously: "Fourth, mathematics can be used in military camps and military equipment and in building and ruling cities.

Zhong Jinwei felt ashamed when he saw that Xu Guangqi had said so many benefits in just a single mathematics, and he was ashamed, and listened carefully.

"Fifth, to build buildings, bridges, etc., those who know how to measure will save time and effort, and the longitude will be strong, and it will not be destroyed or damaged for thousands of years."

"Sixth, mathematics is very useful for litigation and accounting, and it is especially urgently needed by the minister of financial management."

"Seventh, with mathematics, since the degree is known, water and land can be measured. All dredging of rivers and canals, building embankments, and irrigating fields can be done without any mistakes, and are beneficial to the people."

"Eighth, use mathematics, so that medicine and stone can be used for acupuncture, without error, which is of great benefit to the people."

"Ninth, if you know the degree, you can test the temperament and make musical instruments."

"Tenth, make a clock to know the time, minutes and seconds, so that everyone can divide and leak, and use the rate to make things happen, so that you can succeed in repeated examinations."

Xu Guangqi said ten uses of mathematics in one breath, and then quietly looked at Emperor Chongzhen, waiting for his evaluation.

Emperor Chongzhen didn't speak immediately, but kept thinking about what Xu Guangqi said just now. For the first time in his life, he felt that mathematics was so useful.

Zhong Jinwei was secretly summarizing while listening to Xu Guangqi's narration.I found that Xu Guangqi actually concluded that mathematics is the foundation of astronomy and meteorology, the foundation of mechanical engineering, the foundation of surveying and mapping, the foundation of military science, the foundation of architecture, the foundation of finance and accounting, and the foundation of water conservancy. It is the foundation of medicine, it is the foundation of temperament, and it is the foundation of timing.

Emperor Chongzhen turned to look at Zhong Jinwei, consulting him with his eyes.

Zhong Jinwei has already cast his eyes on Xu Guangqi's admiration. He said it so clearly and comprehensively. It is impossible for someone who does not have a deep understanding of mathematics to say it.Fortunately, I am still a college student in the 21st century, and I am not as good as the ancients 400 years ago.

Seeing Emperor Chongzhen looking at him, he quickly expressed his opinion: "Your Majesty, there is a saying in my hometown that if you learn mathematics, physics and chemistry, you can travel all over the world. It means that you have learned mathematics, physics, chemistry, and basically understand everything in the world. This mathematics ranks first among the three subjects, which shows that Master Xu's words are true."

When Emperor Chongzhen heard about Zhong Jinwei, he involved physics and chemistry, and what he said was so important.Can't help asking: "What's the use of physics and chemistry?"

Zhong Jinwei scratched the back of his head, how could he explain the two basic subjects of physics and chemistry with Xu Guangqi's explanation of mathematics in front of him.

After thinking about it for a while, I really couldn’t think of how to say it logically like Xu Guangqi, so I had to explain it in another way: "Your Majesty, physics tells the world why birds can fly in the air, but people can't. Legend has it that immortals can fly through clouds and fog, so Physics can tell the world how to fly clouds and fog. And chemistry is to tell the world what materials are used to make the clouds and fog so that they can fly.”

Being able to fly like a bird has always been a human dream.During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, a man named Wanhu even practiced his dream with his life.

When Emperor Chongzhen heard that physics and chemistry were so useful, he couldn't help asking: "Does Master Zhong understand physics and chemistry?"

Zhong Jinwei smiled and said to Emperor Chongzhen: "Your Majesty, I only remember a little superficial. In fact, everyone should have heard of it. Physics lies in how to make various utensils; chemistry lies in understanding the composition of objects and carrying out various methods. The conversion of substances. By the way, the firing of cement actually uses chemical knowledge to change from one substance to another.”

If Zhong Jinwei's words were put before the Ming Dynasty, he might be regarded as a lunatic.To be heard by other people might think he is talking gibberish.But now, one is Emperor Chongzhen who knows his details, and the other is a great scientist of this period, who has profound attainments in astronomy, mathematics, and agriculture.Both of them were deeply shocked by Zhong Jinwei's words, as if they saw a different world in front of them.

Zhong Jinwei didn't think about how much his words would have an impact on the two audiences in front of him, and he still concluded: "Physics and chemistry are to understand the essence of all things, to know why, and to know why; while mathematics is a must for studying physics and chemistry." Basic knowledge. So learn mathematics, physics and chemistry well, and travel all over the world.”

After Zhong Jinwei finished speaking, he waited for a while before he heard Emperor Chongzhen react and said: "Okay, okay, okay, I must let all the people of Ming Dynasty learn this mathematics, physics and chemistry, and then choose the best ones to serve the country. "