personal security.

Chapter 896

However, after listening to the report of the Pengzhou Standing Committee, Zhao Jianhui still put forward some opinions on this issue.The specific economic operation is not the director of Zhao Jianhui. He just expressed his personal views on solving local economic development at the current stage from the perspective of policy.

These are some ideas that he began to take shape after thinking about the exams during his study at the party school.

"...In the 30 years of reform and opening up, my country's economy has continued to grow at a high rate, with an annual growth rate of more than 9%, and the development of industrialization has advanced by leaps and bounds. Many foreign scholars believe that this is a 'growth miracle' in modern economic history. This so-called 'growth miracle' is How did it happen? Many experts and scholars are exploring the 'mystery'. There may be many answers. I think the most fundamental reason is that my country has chosen a market economy and embarked on the road of market-oriented reform. This choice has changed my country's The trajectory of development has also changed the pattern of world political and economic development."

"It is not uncommon for our country to choose a market-oriented system for development. Why can my country's market-oriented reform and development achieve such outstanding results in just 30 years? I think one thing worth studying here is that our country Out of a market economy development model of its own. What is my country's market economy development model? How should this model be summarized? There are already different versions of various theories. For example, the "gradual reform model" that many people agree with However, in the final analysis, the "gradual reform model" is only a summary of my country's market-oriented reform in terms of policy operation characteristics, and more essential things need more in-depth research."

"In the history of modern market economy, it is difficult to see cases similar to the development of my country's market economy. In the classic literature of Western economics, it is also difficult to find strict academic arguments that can annotate my country's market economy. my country's market Economic development is trying to combine and be compatible with the basic concepts and systems of socialism and the general rules of the market economy, which is quite different from any previous market economy models. …”

"...I think that an important feature of our country's market economy development model is that in the process of market-oriented reform and development, it does not abandon the basic policy of public ownership as the main body, but also adheres to the policy of joint development of multiple ownership systems. Under the strong leadership of the country, the control power of the national economy and government management have always played a leading role. Obviously, this development model is not only different from the market economy development model of some countries in Central and South America, but also different from the marketization of Eastern European countries and Russia The road is also different from the so-called government-led market economic model of the Eastern countries.  …”

"In my country's market economy model, of course the price-competition mechanism plays an important role, but at the same time the role of national economic control and government management is particularly strong. In this regard, foreign academic circles have many critical opinions. The so-called This is where the reference to my country’s “authoritative capitalism” comes from. There are also many critics in the domestic academic circles, and the sharpest opinions believe that this situation does not conform to the general law of market economy development. I think the problem may be It's not that simple."

Hegel has an important proposition: all real existence is reasonable.Here, I would like to use the famous "Wagner's theorem" to explain the existence and rationality of my country's market economic model. In the 19s, the German economist Wagner discovered that once a country fully enters the process of industrialization, the number and proportion of government economic departments will expand, public finances will continue to expand, and national economic power and government management will continue to strengthen... …Wagner predicted that this trend, as a regular phenomenon, will still take effect in the next 70-50 years.Regarding the reasons for this trend, Wagner gave several basic reasons: large-scale industrial development requires the development and expansion of public infrastructure; fierce market competition requires the increase of public welfare projects; the active economic monopoly forces require strengthening market management; industrialization leads to rural bankruptcy and requires the government to comprehensive help and more.

After the publication of "Wagner's Theorem", several famous economists (including the Nobel laureate Samuelson) successively used the experience of the British Industrial Revolution, the development of the United States after World War II, and the comparative development of Britain, the United States and Germany after the 60s. The verification of the data, the conclusion is that although the actual situation is very tortuous and complicated, the general trend of "Wagner's theorem" exists.

During the planned economy period, although we established the basic system of national industrialization, it was the reform, opening up and market-oriented reform that drove the comprehensive and rapid development of my country's industrialization.In this new development environment, the national economic strength and government management mentioned by Wagner can also be found in our country.In addition, my country will remain a developing country for a long time. In the process of industrialization, urban and rural coordination and regional development coordination, land resources and environmental protection, establishment of an innovative country, national economic security, control of huge population growth, maintenance of market order, As well as planning the global development strategy and other aspects of the task is very heavy.It can be said that the reason for the existence of "Wagner's theorem" in our country may be more sufficient.

Further investigation reveals that the state-led market economy model with Chinese characteristics has played a very important role in the sustained high-speed economic growth for 30 years after the reform and opening up.

——Efficient accumulation of industrialization led by the state.One of the most basic bottlenecks in the development of my country's modern industry is the lack of capital accumulation.During the planned economy period, the government carried out initial accumulation through unequal exchange of agricultural products and established the basic system of national industrialization.The reform and opening up introduced the competition mechanism and price mechanism of the market economy, and started the historical process of industrialization in full swing.Looking at it now, although there are many ways to accumulate capital in the new era, one of the main ways to obtain the most important capital accumulation is to rely on the introduction of funds from abroad, and the other is to accumulate land, that is, the government and developers acquire a large amount of capital through expropriation of land at low prices. funds.

The total amount of capital obtained by relying on land accumulation is much larger than the capital introduced from abroad. Some research institutions estimate that the total amount exceeds 20 trillion yuan.

Existing research data show that since the reform and opening up, the land transfer income of local governments at all levels has exceeded 35% of the fiscal budget.

Although this method of accumulation is unequal to many land-lost farmers who have insufficient compensation, and the subsequent social conflicts it brings are also very difficult, no one can deny that it is relying on this extremely huge accumulation of land capital that my country's Industrialization and urbanization can develop so rapidly, and gdp can maintain a long-term sustained high-speed growth level.The institutional condition for this kind of land capital accumulation is to adhere to the consistent land nationalization system since the founding of the People's Republic of China-this is actually the most solid foundation for the public ownership system as the main body.

If this is not the case, we will overthrow this system after the reform and opening up, implement land privatization and transformation, and put land ownership completely in private hands.In this way, the degree of market liberalization will definitely be high, and market competition will be more sufficient, but the development cost of promoting industrialization and urbanization will be very high, and it will definitely take a longer time to achieve today's industrialization development results.

- State management of resources, energy industry and economic stability.A country's resource and energy industry is the basic economic sector of industrial development. Its development and supply and demand not only play an important role in the microcosmic operation of downstream industries, but also have an important impact on the macroscopic operation of the entire national economy and national economic security.Under the planned economic system, this economic sector was completely monopolized by the state and carried out unified nationalization.

After the market reform, the development of this economic sector faces two choices. One is that the industry enters the field of perfect competition and undergoes a thorough market-oriented transformation. This choice); the other is to not change the country's economic control and government management, but to carry out institutional transformation of the original nationalized management system.We chose the latter.Facts have proved that this choice is reasonable.

After the reform, major changes have taken place in the industrial capacity and enterprise appearance, and many enterprise groups have entered the world's top [-].In particular, under the overall management of the government, state-owned enterprises play a strategic role in the macro-stabilization of the national economy, assume important social responsibilities in maintaining stable growth, and provide downstream enterprises with relatively cheap primary products. Subsidies for the full cost of industrialization (an important cost factor that cannot be ignored).In addition, domestic private capital is still unable to enter the development stage on a large scale, and the advantage of national capital holdings can also avoid the strategic control of large foreign companies and large capitals.

- The powerful economic organizational power of the government.There are two congenital deficiencies in our country's entry into the modern market economy, one is the institutional problem, and the other is the public product problem.In terms of institutional issues, my country does not have a tradition of mercantilism and a relatively developed modern industrial and commercial social foundation, and the planning system completely excludes market economic activities.Under such circumstances, the development of my country's market economy is not carried out spontaneously from bottom to top, but the ruling party consciously changes its concept, and the government promotes market-oriented reforms from top to bottom in an organized manner.This kind of government organizational behavior includes proposing reform policies, giving up areas of market activities, reducing planned pricing ratios, reforming state-owned enterprises, providing a platform for the operation of market mechanisms, managing market order, and so on.It can be said that in our country, the "invisible hand" of the market is supported by the "visible hand" of the government.If this were not the case, the market-oriented reforms would hold high the banner of privatization from the very beginning, relying entirely on private subjects to carry out spontaneously, and the development of my country's market economy may have a completely different result.

From the perspective of public goods, my country has a vast territory and the market economy has fully launched, so the problem of effectively providing public goods is very prominent.Who will build large ports?Who will organize the modern transportation network?Who will invest in basic farmland water conservancy facilities?Who will govern the great rivers?Who will preside over land planning?Who will deal with environmental pollution?And some other questions...

Of course, according to the Coase principle, these public goods can also be provided by private individuals under the condition of clarifying property rights.But it is almost indisputable that if public goods are provided in this way, the transaction costs will be much higher, at least the level of social infrastructure will never be what it is today.

In the 30 years of reform and opening up, the government has used its powerful economic organization to provide large-scale and complete public products for market development, laying a good foundation for the sustainable development of my country's economy.If we turn all our enterprises into private holdings, then, in less than a few years, what can we use to promote the construction of this public product?This drawback has already appeared in some developed countries...

This chapter is very thought-consuming and may be boring, but it is the embodiment of Lao Zhao's personal spirit.Everyone, please support me, bring flowers and votes...