The Han culture is spreading strongly in Southeast Asia

Chapter 537: Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing
October 1782, 10. This was the fifth day of the ninth lunar month in the seventh year of the Guangzhong reign of the Great Yu Emperor of China.

The secret envoy from England finally compromised, Mo Zibu also took a step back, and the two sides reached an agreement.

(Crazy review, I replaced Little Britain with George III, otherwise you would understand.)
1. Both parties shall immediately reach a ceasefire in India. The specific arrangements on the front line shall be discussed in detail by Warren Hastings, Governor of Fort William, and General Chen Lian, the Right General and Duke of Yi'an, Commander-in-Chief of the Chinese Indian Expedition Army.

2. King George III paid the Chinese Empire three million silver dollars (equivalent to approximately £910,000) as compensation for its military expenses, and agreed that in future trade, the purchasing power of one Chinese silver dollar would be the same as that of one tael of silver.

3. King George III recognized Nepal and Ladakh, which was occupied by the Sikhs, as part of U-Tsang and belonged to the Chinese Empire.

The remaining Ahom Kingdom, Manipur Kingdom, and Naga territories in northeastern India were within the Chinese sphere of influence. However, the Chinese Empire did not seek to occupy them, but only treated them as vassal states.

4. George III recognized the leadership of the Chinese Empire in the Eastern world and recognized the entire Southeast Asia, Korea and Japan as the empire's homeland.

5. King George III promised not to seek colonial expansion in the New South Wales mainland and its affiliated islands discovered by Captain Cook.

6. George III acknowledged the Chinese Empire's seizure of Batavia and promised never to participate in any conspiracy or armed intervention by the United Provinces or any European power against Batavia.

7. George III shared technologies such as the spinning jenny and steam gun barrel boring machine with the Chinese Empire, and organized inventors such as James Watt to give lectures in the Chinese Empire.

These seven points basically met Mozibu's requirements. George III gave up the colonial rights to the entire Australian continent, opened a loophole for China to interfere in Indian affairs in northeast India, and gave up harassing the snow region.

As for the three million in compensation, it is not much for either party.

George III spent more than 200 million pounds on the North American War, but the compensation paid to the Chinese Empire was less than 1 million pounds, not even a drop in the bucket.

This is not considered compensation. It should be considered that after the two sides finished fighting and shook hands and made peace at the police station, George III treated Zhonghua to a cheap hot pot meal.

The same was true for the Dayu Dynasty. The empire spent more than 17 million silver dollars on this war over four years, plus the suppression of the rebellion in Siam and the capture of Batavia, a total of more than 30 million silver dollars.

The compensation of three million silver dollars could only roughly cover the subsequent rewards and pensions, as well as the resettlement costs for wounded officers and soldiers.

Therefore, when the compensation was better than nothing, the most important thing was that the Kingdom of England recognized the purchasing power of the Chinese silver dollar.

This is equivalent to the Chinese Empire being able to collect an additional seigniorage from the Kingdom of England through foreign trade. This additional income has been estimated to be around 600,000 silver dollars in recent years.

But as trade between the two sides becomes more frequent, and the productivity and purchasing power brought about by the First Industrial Revolution greatly develop, the accumulated value in the future will be huge.

Although Mo Zibu could imagine that England would definitely restrict the circulation of Chinese silver dollars to England.

But as long as they come to China to do business, they just need to exchange the silver into silver dollars first, and the rest can be solved step by step.

However, when it came time to get the seal of approval, Mo Zibu still sighed, because he was actually a little dissatisfied, but it was because the Indian Expedition Army could not capture Fort New William.

After all, China's strength in Southeast Asia is not strong enough. There are less than eight million Chinese in the entire Southeast Asia, and the land area of Southeast Asia is 4.5 million square kilometers, which is almost the same size as China excluding the Western Regions, U-Tsang, Qinghai, and the south of the desert.

Eight million people are still too few to support a large army in combat.

Moreover, among the 35,000 troops sent to India, there were only more than 20,000 army soldiers, and the rest were naval officers and sailors.

It would be a waste to send the precious navy to fight line-up executions on land. Mo Zibu was reluctant to use them in this way.

Chen Lian has done a good enough job. If he can't defeat him, he will wait until next time. When there are about 30 million people in Nanyang, he can compete with England again.

Therefore, Mo Zibu’s only requirement now is to activate the high-horsepower steam engine as soon as possible.

Only with the steam engine can sailboats no longer rely entirely on wind and ocean currents and can enter and exit the South China Sea at any time.

Only with the steam engine could the steam locomotive be developed.

In the north, the railway was built from Lanzhou through Barkol, Hami and Urumqi to Kashgar, Yili and other places.

In the south, a railway was built from Guangzhou through the Beihe Plain (Red River Plain) to Jiading, and even to Thonburi City, the capital of Thai Binh Province (Siam), which had just been renamed Wangge.

With this, the pace of immigration will be accelerated, and the Chinese Empire will be able to project its true power to wherever the railway extends.

Of course, the peace treaty was a two-way agreement. In this currently secret treaty, the Chinese Empire promised:
1. Release of prisoners of war including those captured in the Battle of Madras, the Battle of Trincomalee and the Battle of Old Fort William.

Those captured by the Mysore Kingdom will be coordinated by the Chinese Empire, and the Kingdom of England is willing to pay an additional ransom of 100,000 pounds.

2. The Imperial Chinese Army withdrew from the Kingdom of Arakan and allowed the King of Arakan, who was supported by the Kingdom of England, to be restored to the throne.

The Kingdom of England allowed the Burmese King Meng Yun, a vassal of the Chinese Empire, to send an army of no more than 2,000 people to be stationed in the Sittwe Port of the Kingdom of Arakan, which was built by the Chinese Navy, and allowed the Chinese Empire's non-warships to dock freely and manage themselves.

3. The Chinese Empire promised not to continue to seek to establish or expand colonies on the Indian continent by directly sending troops, either by itself or to help France.

4. The Chinese Empire resumed trade with the Kingdom of England, and English merchants could move freely and trade in approved trading ports.

William Pitt the Younger was relatively satisfied. He breathed a sigh of relief. At least India was temporarily saved, which was equivalent to saving half the life of the Kingdom of England.

The only thing that made him feel a little puzzled was that the emperor did not sign the contract with them immediately in Beijing Shuntian Prefecture, but insisted that William Pitt the Younger and others go with him to Nanjing Yingtian Prefecture before winter came before signing the contract.

"William, I don't think Whigs like Jenkins Cox are trustworthy. The Chinese Emperor was able to seize the opportunity so accurately. They must have revealed something."

The treaty was about to be signed, but Count Charles was not very satisfied. He pulled little Sergio Pietro aside and whispered to him.

Count Charles was not good at politics, but he had been in India and other East countries for a long time and had accumulated considerable wealth, so he had a lot of insights into India.

"William, believe me, the Chinese Empire's army will never be able to capture New William Castle next summer.

I have been there. Fort William New was built with the flesh and blood of Indians. Although it is not as good as our bastion fortress group in Gibraltar, it is also a very difficult and terrifying castle in the East.

At the same time, Governor-General Warren Hastings, Army Commander Sir Eyre Coote, and important commissioner Baron Woodhall each had great interests in India.

If they lost India, these people would immediately go bankrupt and become paupers, and Warren Hastings might even be in danger of becoming a stray dog on the streets of London.

So they will never surrender and have the courage to persevere."

Count Charles could sense it, and William Pitt Jr. naturally understood it as well. He nodded and said to Count Charles, "But this is also a good thing for us.

The Chinese Emperor would not have compromised with us unless he had received this information, and this was the key reason the treaty could be signed."

As a standard politician, William Pitt the Younger did not have such a high moral bottom line, nor was he as disgusted with the Whigs as Earl Charles, who had begun to consider himself a marginal member of the royal family.

"Count, this is the best result we can achieve. At least for the time being, it keeps the Chinese Empire out of India.

I think in the future we must implement the Zamindar system in India more quickly to bind the local Indian elites firmly to us.

If we can gain the support of a large number of local Indians, with the strength of our kingdom's navy and the soldiers that the local princes and zamindars can mobilize, we can guarantee that we will have an advantage for at least twenty years."

"And what about twenty years from now?" asked Count Charles.

William Pitt Jr. spread his hands and said, "No one could have predicted that twenty years later, perhaps the Chinese would have unified the world."

In the Forbidden City, Mo Zibu paid no special attention except that Nanjing was chosen as the venue for the signing of the peace treaty out of bad taste.

After all, this was a very small treaty that only stipulated the interests of China and Britain in India. As for other places like Australia, they were still just some uninhabited places.

Moreover, these places are just divisions of spheres of influence. The Chinese Empire is currently unable to actually colonize Nanzhanzhou (Australia and New Zealand).

Even the Shah family of Gorkha (Nepal) and the Sikh Kashmiri Maharaja Singh family who invaded Ladakh, China is not able to deal with them.

Therefore, after finalizing the treaty, Mo Zibu went directly to the Fengxian Hall in the Forbidden City to summon the leaders of various tribes in the south and north of the desert and Qinghai.

Compared to the tribal leaders from the southern and northern deserts who were kneeling below, there were six Mongolian girls standing next to Mozibu, and the leader was naturally Xina, the granddaughter of Kobdo Durbert Khan Maksubzar.

The little girl was standing slightly to the left of Mo Zibu, looking at the emperor in front of her with admiration.

She was quite pretty, a Mongolian girl from the Kobdo grassland, with the appearance of a Jiangnan beauty. It was a pity that she was too young, only fourteen years old.

Although she was already old enough, Mo Zibu still couldn't get over it, so the little girl still followed Queen Zheng Shishi.

On the right is Wuyunga, the daughter of Tushetu Khan Chedendorji, who came up that day to recommend herself.

This rather strong Mongolian woman looked at the women around the emperor with a proud and provocative look on her face.

Because among so many women, only she was qualified to serve the emperor.

The emperor liked her very much and called her a real prairie horse, and said she was a small electric motor.

Wu Yunga didn't understand what that meant, but it didn't stop her from knowing that she was very much loved by the emperor, and she was therefore extremely proud.

When Tushetu Khan saw that his daughter was favored, his eyes narrowed with a smile. As long as his daughter gave birth to a prince, he could pass the family business to his grandson in the future.

By then, I will be able to live in Beijing for a long time, with a BMW, fine wine and delicious food, and endless operas to listen to. It will be much better than being exposed to the wind and sun on the grassland.

Mo Zibu looked at these Mongols and felt a lot of emotions in his heart. Central Asia is the center of the Eurasian continent, and it is not far from anywhere.

Whoever controls Central Asia controls the strategic initiative in Eurasia.

At the same time, it has a greater significance for China, that is, it can make the northwestern border safer, block the continuous eastward advance of the Muslim sect, and avoid the embarrassing situation of today's "border defense" in Fengxiang as in later generations.

The key to controlling Central Asia is railways and the Mongols.

"My lords, the grassland peoples and our Han people have been one family since ancient times. Although we have fought each other for thousands of years, those were only conflicts between brothers. Today is different. It is time to unite against the outside world."

As he spoke, Mozibu pointed to the Changshui Huqi Guard Cavalry Regiment from Hungary standing guard at his door, and said to Tushetu Khan and other Mongolian Khans:

"Look, even the Xiongnu, who went to the west for hundreds of years, have returned and become my personal guards. You Mongols can do the same."

Tushetu Khan, Chechen Khan and others immediately knelt down and said, "We understand. We know that loyalty to the Great Emperor is the only way out."

"Your Majesty, we Mongols all know who our most vicious enemy is. The Rakshasas were originally our slaves, but now they are bullying their master and wish to kill us all.

Anyone who dares to disobey the Great Emperor's orders will be expelled to the west, where they will experience the cruelty of the Rakshasas."

The speaker was Tsering Namjale, the Khan of the Torghut tribe. His father was the famous hero who returned to the east, Ubashi.

"Your Majesty Khan is right. Your father is a hero. I only regret that I never had the chance to meet him."

Mo Zibu was indeed a little regretful, as Wubashi had passed away due to illness seven years ago in 1775.

Apart from other things, this person is definitely a very good propaganda target. Moreover, after the return of the Torghut tribe, they have always been very loyal to the central government.

Historically, when the Zhang Geer Rebellion broke out in 1820, the Torghut tribe dispatched cavalry to help quell the rebellion, and hundreds of people died in the battle.

In 1865, the Hui people were in chaos. On the eve of Yakub Beg's invasion, the Kuche rebel Reshiddin Khoja rebelled. The Torghut tribe tried to suppress the rebellion, but was ambushed in their hometown and more than people were killed.

In 1872, Yakub Beg invaded and the Torghut tribe provided flank cover in Ili. However, due to poor equipment and being outnumbered, the cavalrymen were almost all killed or wounded, and then thousands of women and children were massacred.

This is a tribe that has been proven by time and history and can be trusted.

After everyone finished paying their respects, Mo Zibu began to announce his grassland policy. The Qing Dynasty's method was effective, so there was no reason for Mo Zibu not to continue using it.

The policy of fixed-area nomadism and pilgrimage continued to be implemented on the grassland, except that the names of the vassals needed to be changed.

As for the Mongolian tribes in the northern desert, Mozibu still appointed them as Khans. However, since the Dayu Dynasty itself did not have many kings, it would definitely be inappropriate to have a bunch of Mongolians as kings.

Therefore, Mozibu unified the old Han Dynasty rules and gave the Khans of Mobei the titles of Kings, similar to the Marquises of the Han Dynasty.

The highest rank among them is the King of Shunyi, which was given to Altan Khan by the Ming Dynasty in the past, corresponding to the title of Heshuo Prince conferred by the Qing Dynasty.

For example, Tushetu Khan was named Shunyi King, so his full title was Shunyi King of the Tushetu tribe.

The next level is the Shunning King, which was given to Mahamu and Alutai by the Ming Dynasty, corresponding to the Duolo County King of the Qing Dynasty.

The third level is King Shunzhi, which was used by Mo Zibu to disgust the Qing emperor. It corresponds to the title of Beizi in the Qing Dynasty.

The fourth level is Zhongshun Hou, which corresponds to the Zasak Fuguo Gong of the Qing Dynasty.

The fifth level is the Marquis of Loyalty and Righteousness, corresponding to the Jasak Taiji of the Qing Dynasty.

Of course, the enthronement ceremony did not begin immediately, because when these guys on the grassland came this time, they did not prepare the Nine White Tributes, nor were they ready to support Mo Zibu.

They originally came to see the new emperor's attitude, but the result made them very satisfied.

Therefore, Mo Zibu finally agreed with them that in September of next year, all the former Manchu Zasak Taijis and above from the grassland tribes would bring tribute to Beijing.

The enthronement ceremony and appointment of the leaders of the alliance flags will be held at that time.

"Come back next year, and everyone will spend the winter in Beijing. I have prepared generous rewards.

However, I do not need a ceremony to elect the Great Khan, because the emperor of the Central Plains should be the emperor of the Eastern world.

This title of great emperor includes the emperor of the Han people, the Tengri Khan of the grassland, and the Manjushri Bodhisattva of U-Tsang.

In addition, when coming next year, each tribe must bring its most valiant warriors. King Shunyi must send at least 500 men, King Shunning must send 300 men, King Shunzhi must send 100 men, Marquis Zhongshun must send 50 men, and Marquis Zhongyi must send 20 men.

These warriors will form my Royal Light Cavalry Regiment. If any king fails to provide warriors, he will be demoted."

Well, the Qing Dynasty did not dare to use too many Mongols. First, the number of the Bannermen was small, and they could not be suppressed if there were more of them. Second, the Qing Dynasty had no need to fight a large-scale military war, but Mo Zibu did.

He wanted to make good use of these Mongols.

(End of this chapter)