I failed a course, and the system became my study supervisor.

Chapter 54 The Real Reason for Electricity Generation
"But we have no idea!"

Huang Yunfeng still had a bitter face.

"Then check it out? How did you do it last time?"

Xu Ling reminded speechlessly.

Huang Yunfeng is always like this. Whenever he encounters a problem, he always looks like he knows nothing. Anyone who sees him will shake their head.

No clue?
Could Xu Ling have any clues? As for the principle of power generation, it's obvious that it's related to chemistry or biology, and possibly atomic physics.

These were topics Xu Ling hadn't yet delved into. But Xu Ling wasn't afraid of them; it was just a matter of spending more time. He had full confidence in his abilities.

This is also something that is essential on the road of scientific research, the courage to explore and utilize the unknown.

Of course, the main force was still Xu Ling himself, Qin Qin, and Ji Yun. Xu Ling did not expect Huang Yunfeng and Liang Xiuyuan to study it thoroughly.

It is enough for them to understand the principles and have some understanding of their own.

……

It took about two days for Xu Ling to finally figure out all the mechanisms and come up with ways to improve efficiency.

From a macroscopic perspective, the generation of electricity can be divided into three main parts: carrier generation, carrier separation, and carrier transport.

Why are charge carriers generated?

To answer this question, we have to go back to the key substances in the entire experiment - titanium dioxide and dye molecules.

The key to the normal generation and retention of carriers lies in the energy level matching of titanium dioxide and dye molecules.

The energy of the conduction band of titanium dioxide is lower than the LUMO energy level of the dye molecule, and the energy of the valence band is also lower than the HOMO energy level of the dye molecule.

The light absorption process is actually the energy level transition of the outermost electrons of the dye molecule, from the HOMO energy level to the LUMO energy level.

Due to the energy level matching relationship between titanium dioxide and dye molecules, electrons can be transferred from the dye molecules to the conduction band of titanium dioxide, but cannot be transferred back from the valence band with lower energy.

Thus, carriers are generated.

Now that the carriers have been generated, the subsequent problems will not be so difficult to explain.

At the same time, the optimization of the entire process is naturally divided into three parts.

Among these three parts, Xu Ling keenly grasped their common key influencing factors.

They are: the thickness of the titanium dioxide film, the amount of dye adsorbed, and the area of ​​the titanium dioxide film.

With a direction, the experiment can be carried out!
……

"We can control the amount of dye adsorption by controlling the soaking time."

Xu Ling pointed out clearly.

"Okay, then I suggest setting up six gradients. 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and then all the way up to 120 minutes. The intervals in between will gradually get longer."

Ji Yun immediately gave a solution.

Without delay, everyone began the experiment. Finally, computer-generated images revealed that the longer the dyeing time, the greater the amount of dye adhered, and the better the light absorption effect, with little difference after 60 minutes.

This result is in line with Xu Ling's expectations, and it is reasonable to have a saturation state.

Subsequently, the measurement progress of various parameters increased by leaps and bounds, and all contents were measured in just one experiment.

This time, the experimental report was not given to Ji Yun, but was given to Huang Yunfeng and Liang Xiuyuan to complete together.

Seeing the two men's eyes filled with a sense of mission and an appearance of having a heavy responsibility on their shoulders, Xu Ling couldn't help but smile bitterly.

While Ji Yun and Qin Qin were still playing and fighting and packing up the experimental equipment, Xu Ling walked out of the laboratory alone.

It was already past six in the evening, but it wasn't completely dark yet.

The slanting sunlight dyed the path in front of the laboratory building orange-gold, which, combined with the evening sky, gave it a touch of Impressionism.

Xu Ling felt instantly relaxed and was about to recite a poem when his phone suddenly buzzed with a message.

hiss--

What a good mood!

When Xu Ling opened his phone, his eyes went dark. It was Lin Yuxin.

[Xu Ling, Xu Ling. Show me now! I can't prove it any further!]

A clear picture was attached below the message, with the problem points highlighted by Lin Yuxin.

"No, why are you in such a hurry? Can't you just take a closer look?"

Xu Ling typed this line of words speechlessly.

[Big Brother! Isn't it urgent? It's due by the 31st of the month.]

Ok?
Now it was Xu Ling's turn to be anxious.

[No? It's due so soon? How come I didn't know?!]

Xu Ling's thesis is still just a rough outline in his head.

[What else? Why do you think I'm so anxious? T^T]

Well, it's time to get anxious.

Xu Ling completely lost interest in watching the beautiful sunset and immediately ran back to the dormitory in a hurry.

Considering that Lin Yuxin reminded him, Xu Ling solved her problem before he officially started thinking about his thesis.

"...

Electric flux Φ=E·ds=q/4πε0dΩ
......"

This is the derivation of Gauss's theorem. Lin Yuxin couldn't continue writing after deducing to this point.

However, Zhang Zhongyao has explained the entire derivation process in class, and it can also be found in the textbook if you look carefully.

It's written in black and white, very clear.

Xu Ling didn't understand why Lin Yuxin kept asking. But he still patiently wrote her a complete certificate and explained it to her.

To find this integral, we need to consider two cases: the point charge is inside the surface and the point charge is outside the surface. Then we can integrate
...]

【Do you understand? 】

【Understood. 】

Xu Ling finally breathed a sigh of relief, for he was afraid that Lin Yuxin would ask him about every step.

Then, it’s time to think about your thesis.

A magnetic monopole is a hypothetical elementary particle in theoretical physics that has only one magnetic pole: either a south pole or a north pole.

This assumption is impossible in classical electromagnetic theory because magnetic lines of force are always closed and the magnetic field is a passive field.

However, in some cutting-edge theoretical physics research, such as the grand unified theory, such a hypothesis does exist, and countless physicists believe it exists.

If magnetic monopoles really exist, it will bring about major changes to electromagnetic theory and the entire foundation of physics, and will also help prove many pending theoretical conjectures.

Scientists around the world have been trying to find evidence of the existence of magnetic monopoles through various experimental methods, such as cosmic ray detection and condensed matter physics systems under extreme conditions.

But unfortunately, there has been no conclusive evidence.

But what path did our predecessors take? What difficulties did they encounter?
Xu Ling was eager to know the answer and use it to lay the tone for his thesis.

(End of this chapter)