Glamor Economics

Chapter 138

Chapter 17 Section 11 Why the Income Difference Is So Big——Personal Income

2010年3月18日，美国知名媒体《福布斯》杂志中文版率先发布了2009年中国名人榜。姚明继2008年以5600万美元（按照当时汇率折合大约38780万元人民币）年收入位居排名榜首之后，在2009年同样以35777万人民币的年收入继续雄踞所有排名榜首，几乎没有受到任何经济危机的影响。而刘翔的个人收入依然稳居No.2，以1亿3028万傲视姚明之外的名人榜群雄。

此外，我们所熟悉的明星还有：章子怡7800万的个人收入虽然无法和姚明相提并论，但还是相当可观；易建联的个人收入从2008年的2900万人民币上升至2009年的3710万；而郭晶晶的个人收入也达到3050万；乒乓名将张怡宁的个人收入达到1345万元，王励勤个人收入达到1150万；而林丹的个人收入则为1475万。

In recent years, the amount of personal income has been regarded as a status symbol, so various types of income rankings have emerged.Of course, the income of the people on the list is very considerable.Compared with ordinary wage earners, their astronomical income is staggering.So why does this happen?This involves the economic concept of personal income.

Personal income is a measure of income before tax deductions, which refers to personal disposable income plus net taxes.In layman's terms, personal disposable income refers to the income that can be taken home, that is, the part of national income that can be used by the family for consumption or savings.Precisely, it equals the point of national product minus all taxes, business saving and depreciation, plus spending and other transfers, plus government interest payments.

In economics, personal income is mainly divided into three parts: labor income, capital income and welfare income.Among them, capital income mainly includes income from property rights, dividend income, interest income and rental income; welfare income is also called transfer payment, mainly including subsidies for retirees, veterans, subsidies for the elderly, weak, sick, disabled and unemployed; labor Income includes all kinds of labor that we usually refer to.There is both simple labor and complex labor; both physical labor and mental labor; both repetitive labor and innovative labor; both controlled labor and directed labor.As long as the income is obtained due to people's work, it is labor income.

In my country, the proportion of capital income in the personal income structure is relatively small, which is mainly caused by the small degree of capital deepening in my country's economic development and the excessive exclusion of capital in traditional concepts.The history of world economic development has proved that increasing the degree of capital deepening is an important condition for economic growth, and economic growth is the most important material basis for social development and the improvement of people's living standards.Therefore, in a sense, personal income is also a concrete reflection of national macroeconomic policies in terms of residents' living standards.

国家统计局于2009年7月27日公布上半年的居民收入情况，全国城镇居民人均可支配收入实际增长11.2%，全国农村居民人均现金收入实际增长8.1%。上半年城镇居民人均可支配收入8856元人民币，农村居民人均现金收入2733元。

Our personal income is increasing, there is no doubt about it.While personal income continues to grow, my country's GDP is also rising, but in recent years, the growth rate of personal income has been lower than the growth rate of GDP in most years, and residents' final share of GDP has been decreasing year by year. Therefore, the relationship between residents' personal income and GDP The gap between them is getting bigger and bigger.Government departments should focus more on increasing residents' income so that more people can get a share of GDP growth.

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Insurance welfare expenses refer to the labor insurance and insurance benefits actually paid by each unit to all employees of the unit in addition to the total salary.Including funeral pension relief, subsidy for living difficulties, various non-wage subsidies, medical expenses directly paid to individual employees by units implementing medical system reform, etc.

Labor protection expenses refer to the health food benefits, antidotes, refreshing drinks, and cold drinks in summer that employees receive from their units.

Various labor remuneration not included in the total wages, including: invention awards, rationalization proposal awards, athlete ranking awards, manuscript fees, lecture fees, second job income, etc.

Cash in kind refers to various kinds of physical objects obtained by individual employees from inside and outside the unit, which are not included in the total wages and insurance welfare expenses according to regulations.

Property income includes deposit interest, bond interest, dividends and stock dividends that employees receive from banks and enterprises.

Transfer income includes gift income received by employees from other social strata other than employees, partner fees from relatives and friends, inheritance income, donation income, etc.

Other income includes risk compensation income for lessees of leasing business units, employee meal allowances, outfitting expenses for personnel going abroad, business trip subsidies, travel expenses for job transfers, and resettlement expenses, etc.

(End of this chapter)