Glamor Economics

Chapter 161

Chapter 20 Section 6 Who Cares for the Vulnerable Groups——Social Security System

The financial crisis that began in the United States caused many small and medium-sized enterprises to go bankrupt, and a large number of employees lost their jobs.Xiao Jun, a Sichuan migrant worker who worked in Guangdong for 8 years, is one of them.He said with resentment of being dismissed: "We work day and night to make money for the boss, but when the financial crisis comes, he tells us to leave. How can we find a 'home' in such a working environment? Feeling?" Xiao Jun is one of the migrant workers who lost their jobs and returned to their hometowns due to the financial crisis. When talking about such experiences, they feel particularly wronged.

Luo Shibin, a native of Jintang County, Sichuan Province, who once worked with his wife Shuangshuang in a factory in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, has never thought of returning to Dongguan since the international financial crisis broke out in 2007. satisfactory work. "Working there, there is no guarantee. The place where I work in Guangdong is a small factory with only a dozen people. I have worked in this factory for more than 2 years. It has always been about 1200 yuan a month, and there has been no salary increase. , We have not received any subsidies or benefits. If the economy is in a downturn, let us leave. When we leave, we are really sad."

This is actually an embarrassment in our society. As long as the company's economy is in a downturn, employees will be forced to leave.The reason for this problem is that we do not have a perfect social security system.

Although with the development of the economy, my country has spent more and more money on social security, it is worth noting that the development of my country's social insurance, basic education, and medical care is still far behind the world level. big gap.Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, almost all urban and rural areas in my country have established a "minimum guarantee" system.As of the end of September 2008, 9 million urban residents were covered by the subsistence allowances, nearly 2273 million households. The monthly per capita standard had been raised to 1100 yuan, and the actual compensation amounted to 206.2 yuan per capita per month; the number of rural subsistence allowances coverage had reached 132 million There are nearly 3858 million households, the monthly per capita standard reaches 1800 yuan, and the actual monthly per capita balance is 81.5 yuan.The total monthly expenditure of urban and rural subsistence allowances is nearly 43 billion yuan.

The "Social Insurance Law (Draft)", which was reviewed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on December 2008, 12, set up five special chapters, which respectively stipulated in detail pension, medical care, work-related injury, unemployment and maternity insurance.

The social security system refers to the overall system in which the various organic components of social security are systematically interrelated and mutually reinforcing.A sound social security system is an important pillar of the socialist market economic system and is related to the overall situation of reform, development and stability.my country's social security system includes four aspects: social insurance, social welfare, social assistance, and social special care.These several social security are interrelated and complementary.The social security system is of great significance to social stability and social development.

Social insurance occupies the core position in the social security system, it is an important part of the social security system, and it is the basic program for realizing social security.The purpose of social insurance is to protect the basic living needs of the payees, which is a basic social security; the objects of social insurance are social laborers within the statutory scope; the basic feature of social insurance is to compensate laborers for their loss of income; social insurance The funds mainly come from employers (employers), laborers (employees) paying fees according to law, state funding and social collection.

Social welfare is the highest level of social security and the highest program and goal for realizing social security.The purpose of social welfare is to enhance the welfare of the masses and improve the material and cultural life of the people. It pushes social security to the highest stage; the important source of social welfare funds is the state and social groups.

Social assistance belongs to the lowest level of the social security system and is the minimum program and goal for realizing social security.The purpose of social assistance is to ensure the minimum living needs of the recipients; the objects of social assistance are mainly the unemployed and the unfortunate; the basic feature of social assistance is poverty alleviation; the source of funds for social assistance is mainly the state and social groups.

Social special care is a special component of social security, social security belonging to a special class, and a special program for realizing social security.The purpose of social preferential treatment is preferential treatment and pension; the objects of social preferential treatment are soldiers and their families; the basic feature of social preferential treatment is preferential treatment for soldiers and their families; the source of social preferential treatment is the state financial appropriation.

Social security is an important guarantee for social stability.We must speed up the improvement of the social security system based on social insurance, social assistance, and social welfare, focusing on basic pension, basic medical care, and subsistence allowance systems, supplemented by charities and commercial insurance.Promote the reform of the basic endowment insurance system for enterprises, government agencies, and public institutions, and explore the establishment of a rural endowment insurance system.Comprehensively promote the construction of basic medical insurance for urban employees, basic medical insurance for urban residents, and new rural cooperative medical care system.

A sound social security system has always been known as the safety net of people's lives, the stabilizer of social operation, and the regulator of income distribution. It is an important guarantee for maintaining social stability and the long-term stability of the country.Accelerate the establishment of a social security system covering urban and rural residents, and promote the construction of a harmonious society and sound and rapid economic and social development.

[links to related words]

Minimum living guarantee is a type of social security system.It refers to the social security system that the state gives certain cash subsidies to people whose family per capita income is lower than the minimum living standard announced by the local government to ensure the basic living needs of the family members.The minimum living standard is the poverty line.Minimum Living Guarantee is the practice of giving corresponding subsidies to people who have reached the poverty line to ensure their basic living.

(End of this chapter)