Glamor Economics

Chapter 163

Chapter 20, Section 8 Why do female college students "hurry up to get married"—— Unemployment

After the Chinese New Year in 2009, when college graduates were rushing to job fairs with their resumes, some female college students were not in a hurry to find a job, but put their energy into finding a partner. They thought this could avoid the employment problem. To live a comfortable life, "urgent marriages" appeared on campus.

In addition to introductions from parents and friends, surfing the Internet has become an important way for those who are in a hurry to find boyfriends.On many forums, you can often see posts like this: "Unmarried girl, 22 years old, studying in senior year... Looking for a woman over 25 years old, with a monthly salary of more than 3000 yuan, with a house and a car..." These people who are in a hurry to get married think that they should find someone directly. A husband with a high starting point not only avoids the trouble of employment, but also saves a lot of struggle.

Outside the dormitory for girls who are about to graduate in a certain school, there is a pair of couplets: the first couplet - find a job and find a good job, the second couplet - find a husband and find a good husband, horizontal criticism - oh yeah.

In the peak season of job hunting for graduates every year, there will always be such a situation: some graduates cannot find a job in a short period of time, especially from June to August every year, which is both the peak period of job hunting and the peak period of unemployment.

In the process of job hunting, graduates have limited knowledge of their own interests, the job they are looking for, and the vacancies in the labor market. And resign or quit.Therefore, some people jokingly called this phenomenon "unemployed just after graduation".

Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood, and everyone is concerned about employment issues.The employment issue involves the vital interests of everyone, as well as social stability and unity.People expect a society to achieve full employment and not expect mass unemployment, because that would endanger their own existence.

With the deepening of our country's reform, the employment problem is not only a simple economic problem, but also an unavoidable social problem.Only when involuntary unemployment disappears can the society be considered to be fully employed.Full employment is a very important condition for social and economic growth.To achieve full employment, the government must strengthen economic intervention and strive to achieve or maintain a balance between the growth rate of aggregate demand and the expansion rate of a country's economic production capacity.

Compared with full employment, the threat of unemployment is more concerned by people.In economics, a person is considered unemployed if he is willing and able to work for pay but has not yet found a job.The unemployment rate is the proportion of the labor force that is eligible for unemployment and is designed to measure slack labor capacity.

The calculation method of the unemployment rate is: unemployment rate = (unemployed population ÷ labor force) × 100%
Unemployment is a common phenomenon.Generally, people don't want to be unemployed.Although the unemployed can receive certain unemployment benefits, the amount is less than the wage level at the time of employment, so their lives are relatively deteriorated, prompting them to re-employ.From this point of view, many western economists believe that a reasonable unemployment rate and the existence of unemployment are one of the necessary conditions to promote social development.

However, how to determine the specific number of unemployed persons is very difficult.In rural areas of our country, there are a large number of hidden unemployed population.There are many reasons for unemployment, so the structure and changes of unemployment are the focus of observation.Unemployment generally falls into the following categories:

1. Frictional unemployment.It refers to the short-term and partial unemployment that is unavoidable in the production process and caused by changing occupations and other reasons.The nature of this unemployment is transitional or short-term.It usually originates on the supply side of labor and is therefore considered a form of job-seeking unemployment.From the perspective of economic and social development, the existence of such unemployment is normal.

The ultimate manifestation of frictional unemployment is that job seekers cannot find satisfactory jobs, and employers cannot find the talents they need, resulting in the coexistence of difficulties in employment and recruitment.Nowadays, many college students cannot find a suitable job after graduation, which belongs to frictional unemployment.

2. Structural unemployment.It refers to the unemployment caused by the mismatch between the supply and demand of labor force.It is characterized by both unemployment and job vacancies, where the unemployed either do not have the right skills or do not live in the right place to fill the existing vacancies.Structural unemployment is long-term in nature and often originates on the demand side for labour.Structural unemployment results from economic changes that cause the demand for a particular type of labor in a particular market and region to be relatively lower than its supply.To give a simple example, when the nascent computer industry in the United States expanded rapidly, steelworkers faced unemployment due to the decline of the steel industry.

3. Seasonal unemployment.Unemployment is caused by seasonal fluctuations in the labor force demand of production teams due to the influence of climate conditions, social customs or purchasing habits on the production conditions or products of certain industries.For example, an ice cream factory needs to recruit some employees during the peak sales season, but it obviously needs to lay off some employees during the off-season.

4. Cyclical unemployment.It refers to the unemployment caused by the decline of total social demand during the recession or depression in the economic cycle.When the economic development is in a period of recession in a cycle, the total social demand is insufficient, so the production scale of manufacturers is also reduced, which leads to a more common unemployment phenomenon.The impact of cyclical unemployment on different industries is different. Generally speaking, the industry with greater income elasticity of demand will have a more serious impact on cyclical unemployment.

The next few decades will be a critical period for my country's reform and opening up. A large number of surplus rural labor will be transferred to urban areas for employment, and new urban-age workers will also have greater employment needs. Greater employment pressure, the employment problem is one of the most important problems to be solved by the macroeconomic policy of the Chinese government.

[links to related words]

The level of cyclical unemployment employment depends on the level of national income, which in turn depends on aggregate demand.Cyclical unemployment is cyclical unemployment caused by insufficient aggregate demand, and generally occurs in the depression phase of the economic cycle.

Hidden unemployment refers to people who have jobs on the surface but do not actually contribute to production, that is, people who have "jobs" but no "work".

The natural unemployment rate refers to the unemployment rate under full employment, which is mainly the sum of frictional unemployment rate and structural unemployment rate.

(End of this chapter)