The Republic is so violent

190 Chapter 2 The Resurrection of Chaos ([-])
Yuan Shikai constantly blamed his son Yuan Keding.If you want to say that this matter is really not the wrong person, it is only because Yuan Keding himself does not have the ability of Cao Cao and the descendants of the Sima family, so he wants to put the whole thing on the old man, and let the old man take the risk for him.Yuan Keding's little calculation is tantamount to including all the blessings of the Yuan family for generations.

However, Yuan Keding at that time was really smart and lacked the basic understanding of the current situation.He even found fifth uncle Zhang Zhenfang and discussed with him, "Fifth uncle, do you think things will turn around if I resign the crown prince?"

At that time Zhang Zhenfang looked at him blankly, and sighed: "You stupid boy, no one recognizes you as a prince at all, so why don't you resign."

But from now on, Yuan Keding will understand it one day, and will regret it for the rest of his life.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, someone from above found Yuan Keding, brought a tape recorder, and asked Yuan Keding to talk about his father, but the tape of the tape recorder turned and turned, and Yuan Keding remained silent.

His father is worthy of him, but he is sorry for his father.

He gets it.

So he will never let anyone hurt his father from him.

05 capture Yuan Shikai alive

Yuan Shikai officially announced the abolition of the imperial system. In order to save the current situation, on March 1916, 3, he drafted five proposals, which were called "Yuan Wutiao":
1. Abolish the imperial system and cancel the reign title of Hongxian.

2. Convene an interim meeting for the Acting Legislative Yuan to participate in politics to provide a legal basis for the abolition of the monarchy.

3. Lu Zhengxiang was removed from the position of Secretary of State and Xu Shichang was appointed.

4. Appoint Duan Qirui as chief of staff to replace Feng Guozhang, who never took office.

5. Invite Li Yuanhong, Xu Shichang and Duan Qirui to preside over the peace talks with the National Defense Army.

The national defense army hates "Yuan Wutiao". Cai E, Liu Xianshi and Tang Jiyao squatted in the small room for half a month, and jointly came up with six negotiation conditions for "Cai Liutiao":
1. After Yuan Shikai abdicated, he was saved from death, but he had to be expelled from abroad.

2. Thirteen people, including Yang Du, the culprit of the emperor's system, thanked the world.

3. The preparation costs for the grand ceremony and military expenses are 6000 million, and the property compensation of the Yuan family and the 13 culprits of the imperial system should be investigated.

4. The descendants of the Yuan family will be deprived of their citizenship rights by the third generation.

5. In accordance with the "Min Yuan Constitution", Vice President Li Yuanhong was elected to succeed the President.

6. Except for state servants, all civil and military officials will continue to serve as usual, but regarding the military station, they must accept the instructions of the commander-in-chief of the National Defense Army.

This "Cai Liutiao" is really too ruthless, and they want to kill them all. The three generations of the Yuan family are imprisoned and deprived of their citizenship rights. Even the military power of the whole country must be in the hands of the National Defense Army.These harsh conditions are definitely out of the question.

However, how could Cai E come up with such a cruel six?

So Lu Zongyu, the Minister in Japan, went to the Japanese Foreign Minister Kikujiro Ishii, asking Japan not to add more chaos, and said: In China, no one can replace Yuan Shikai.

Ishii Kikujiro said coldly: Welcome President Yuan Da's family to come to Japan to enjoy their old age.

I understand, it turned out that the Japanese wanted to capture Yuan Shikai alive, take his whole family to Japan, and lock him in a cage to collect entrance fees. It would be better to kill Yuan Shikai.

In critical moments, we can only look at Feng Guozhang, a powerful figure.But no one expected that Lao Feng actually came up with eight unreliable eight articles for "Feng Eight Articles":
1. In accordance with the original purpose of the Qing Dynasty to give full power to the organization of the republican government, recognize Yuan Shikai's status as the president.

2. Choose members carefully and reopen Congress.

3. Punish the traitor.

4. The army of each province must be numbered according to the order of the national army, and a conscription system shall be adopted.

5. Clearly stipulate the constitution. Before the constitution is finalized, still abide by the provisional law of the first year of the Republic of China.

6. Before the winter of the fourth year of the Republic of China, the generals and governors of each province continued to serve.

7. All enemy armies in Sichuan and Hunan must withdraw.

8. Amnesty Party members.

In this way, "Yuan Wutiao" and "Cai Liutiao" are incompatible, and "Feng Batiao" talks to himself. Not only is he not close to any party, but what's more terrible is that even "Feng Batiao" contradicts himself. .For example, according to the "Minyuan Constitution", Li Yuanhong should be in charge, but "Feng Batiao" insisted on the "Minyuan Constitution" while insisting that Yuan Shikai be in charge.This omission shows that most of the "Feng Batiao" was deliberately made by Feng Guozhang to make everyone happy.

At this juncture, Lao Feng is still making fun of it, it's really hard to do anything about him.

At this moment, the national calamity came, the troop carrier "Xinyu" sank, and nearly a thousand Beiyang soldiers drowned in the deep sea.This was like adding insult to injury and dealt Yuan Shikai a fatal blow.

06 Shocking shipwreck

"Xinyu", "Xinkang", "Xinming" and "Airen" are four passenger ships of China Merchants Group, which are berthed at Tianjin Wharf. Before April 1916, 4, Liu Guanxiong, the chief of the Navy, notified Tianjin Wharf that the military would requisition these four passenger ships and send the No. 15 Division of the Beiyang Army to Guangdong to join Long Jiguang.

So on the 15th and 16th, for two consecutive days, the soldiers of the No.12 Division boarded the ship and set off in Tanggu. In addition to the four merchant ships requisitioned from China Merchants, there were also "Hai Rong" and "Hai Qi" Two warships accompanied.

The six ships sailed on the sea for two days, and suddenly saw the "Hai Rong" waving a semaphore to stop the ship.

Why stop?The boat is in the depths of the sea, does not rely on the village in the front, and does not go to the store in the back?

But it must be stopped, because just received accurate news that Guangdong Long Jiguang is brazenly independent.At this time, if everyone went to Guangdong again, the consequences would be very bad. Maybe Long Jiguang would bombard everyone with artillery.

The ship stopped for half a day, and after urgent consultations, it was finally decided to divert to Zhejiang to dock.So the six ships turned around and headed towards the coast of Zhejiang with a clatter.In less than two days, a semaphore was raised on the "Hai Rong" to ask everyone to stop again.

What happened again?
As I said before, Zhejiang has also become independent at this juncture.Originally the post-independence governor was Qu Yingguang, but Yuan Shikai published Qu Yingguang's secret telegram desperately at the time when the people were rebelling, hoping to inspire the cold-blooded Beiyang soldiers to return to the correct path of loving Yuan Shikai.

Yuan Shikai's move was self-defeating, and the Beiyang soldiers were not moved, but almost cost Qu Yingguang's life.Although Qu Yingguang was not killed, the governor of Zhejiang was replaced by Lu Gongwang, a ruthless character.

If Qu Yingguang is the one who keeps his word in Zhejiang, it will not be a problem for everyone to go to Zhejiang to dock.But Lu Gongwang is different, this guy is definitely sinking you. You didn't discuss it, so you can't mess with it.

So the six boats on the sea had to turn around and change direction.

This time the six boats really had nowhere to go, like six motherless children, floating alone on the sea.After being suspended for two days, everyone discussed, otherwise, we might as well go to East China.

But no one could tell where they were going in East China. In fact, the six boats were just blindly opening their eyes on the sea surface. When they were at a loss, they saw that the sight ahead was gradually blurred, and the heavy sea fog shrouded the surrounding area.This sea mist is strange and extremely dense, like a dark gray viscous substance, and it looks like some terrible strange creature, wriggling gloomyly. The merchant ship "Xinyu" was engulfed in dense fog, and the other five ships could not be seen, nor could they hear a whistle. In a panic, they hurriedly accelerated, fearing that they would be abandoned on the endless sea.

Suddenly there was a loud bang, and the hull of the "Xinyu" merchant ship tilted sharply in an instant, and the Beiyang soldiers on board uttered a scream of imminent disaster.

The real disaster was imminent, and the merchant ship "Xinyu" collided with the warship "Hairong".The warship has a strong hull and a large draft, but it is not a problem. It is just a pity that the "Xinyu" was originally just a small steamer for a short distance. The hull lost its balance, and the stern plunged upside down under the sea surface, standing up high.

The Beiyang soldiers on the boat, shaped like rolling gourds, fell into the water with screams and squealed in clusters.The disaster came too quickly, and when the other ships realized what had happened, the "Xinyu" had disappeared on the sea, leaving only some tires and other things, drifting away with the current.

In less than 20 minutes, 1 Beiyang Army regiment commander, 1 regiment deputy, 740 soldiers, 24 pilots, sailors and cooks, a total of 766 people died in the sea.

In addition, there are 10 yuan in military pay, 4 machine guns, 6 mountain guns, 50 ammunition, and countless military uniforms and weapons, all of which were also erased from Beiyang's accounts.

It was on April 1916, 4, and the location was located in the sea of ​​Wenzhou.

On that day, the Beiyang soldiers, headed by Feng Guozhang, called the Zhengshitang and asked Yuan Shikai to step down.

07 The mistake was to offend the Japanese

When it was reported that the Xinyu had sunk and 766 dead bodies had sunk to the bottom of the sea, Yuan Shikai was ashamed and speechless.

God's will is absolute, and we will fight again against all odds.

When Yuan Shikai stepped into desperation, it was the time when the Japanese were extremely excited.First, Uchida Ryohei of the Black Dragon Society convened a large-scale National Diplomatic League meeting, condemning Yuan Shikai and calling on the Chinese to take action against Yuan.Then the Japanese overseas Chinese in Beijing wrote to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the "Committee to Opposition", demanding that Japan take effective military action.

So on March 1916, 3, at the suggestion of the Japanese Army, the cabinet passed seven decisions:

1. Establish Japanese hegemony in China.

2. Yuan Shikai is the only obstacle to this purpose and must be eradicated.

3. Let the Chinese get rid of Yuan's rule by themselves.

4. Avoid overt interference.

5. Recognize the South as a war bloc.

6. Support the anti-Yuan forces through the militia.

7. The anti-Yuan operations will be coordinated by the General Staff Headquarters.

It was publicly mentioned in the decision that anyone who succeeded Yuan would make Japan more interested.The General Staff Headquarters immediately raised funds from large companies such as Okura and Jiuyuan to support China's anti-Yuan armed forces.Prince Su Shanqi received 100 million, Cen Chunxuan received 100 million, Sun Wen received 60, Huang Xing and Chen Qimei each received 10.

This is how the Japanese military operations in China began.According to "The Biography of Yuan Shikai" written by Wang Zhonghe:
With the support of the Japanese, Shandong bandit Wu Dazhou's Shandong National Defense Army declared independence in Zhoucun on May 5, and the Northeast Army of the Kuomintang (actually the Chinese Revolutionary Party) Chen Qimei and Juzheng in Weixian Declare independence.In fact, the Japanese Garrison Command in Qingdao was their base.Ju Zheng's name is the commander-in-chief, but he has to obey the orders of the Japanese. His Northeast Army actually has two planes and advanced weapons such as poison gas launchers.When the Northeast Army attacked Weixian, although the commander-in-chief was Juzheng, the actual command was the Japanese.After that, the Northeast Army launched attacks on Jinan, Gaomi and other places, and a large number of Japanese participated.

Ma Chaojun, a veteran of the revolution, also mentioned this old incident in his memoirs, and claimed that he personally dropped the bomb on Jinan City:
...The Prime Minister sent me to organize a flying team to go to Qingdao with the Overseas Chinese Volunteer Army and transfer to Weixian County, Shandong Province.At that time, he was in charge of the Northeast Army of the Chinese Revolutionary Army in Weixian County, and he was the commander-in-chief. Shao Yuanchong was the commander of the Weixian garrison.After we arrived, Chief of Staff Chiang Kai-shek personally reviewed it and ordered the stationed at the North Campus to step up the exercise. The plane had not arrived at that time.Just after Zhang Shuyuan and Ma Liang were beaten back, two small planes arrived soon, only one of which was able to fly.In mid-May, Liu Jimou and I were ordered to fly to Jinan and bombed the General's Mansion in Shandong. The bombs were dropped, and the sound shook the whole city. General Zhang Huaizhi was in a panic. We also found it very interesting.

In this memoir of Ma Chaojun, there is an obvious mistake. He said that the general of Shandong is Zhang Huaizhi, but Zhang Huaizhi became the general after June, and the general of Shandong was Jin Yunpeng in May.This detail is irrelevant, maybe it is too old, and memory errors are inevitable.

However, the Chinese Revolutionary Army was actually Japanese soldiers stationed in Qingdao, which was confirmed from Ma Chaojun's recollection.Lao Ma mentioned two planes, and said that there was one plane that couldn't fly yet. Obviously, it couldn't have fallen from space to the earth. It must be parked somewhere in Shandong.At that time, the only place in Shandong that could park more than two planes was the Japanese military airport in Qingdao.If it weren't for this, Ma Chaojun wouldn't be evasive and evasive.

According to Mr. Liu Bingrong's "The War to Protect the Nation", the Chinese Revolutionary Army with Juzheng as the commander-in-chief hired the Japanese Kawano Nagachi as an advisor.So Kawano Nagachi generously wrote an article, accusing Yuan Shikai's government of employing Japanese as consultants, and using this as an excuse, he called on the entire Chinese people to rise up and overthrow Yuan Shikai.This accusation is the Circular No. 20 issued by the Chinese Revolutionary Party, and the specific time is February 2 of that year.

At the end of the announcement, the Black Dragon Society's wonderful wind made Xuanye Changzhi, and shouted to the entire Chinese people:
Kexiayun, Guiyi Division has arrived in Chongqing and Tianfu, Yizhou, and has entered the sphere of influence early: Guangxi, Guangdong, Shaanxi, Gansu, and the provinces along the Yangtze River have also been fully prepared and ready to go.It is still hoped that the compatriots at home and abroad will exhaust their finances, fulfill their responsibilities, and succeed in saving the nation.The matter is urgent, hereby make an announcement.

Looking at the weird writing style of Xuan Ye Changzhi, we know how pitiful Yuan Shikai is.In the final analysis, Lao Yuan is just guilty of being stupid. You shouldn’t offend the Japanese if you offend anyone. It really doesn’t matter if you offend the Chinese, but if you offend the Japanese and prevent the Japanese from establishing hegemony in China, too many Chinese will come fuck you.Look at Lao Yuan, how miserable he is now.

08 Sun Yat-sen is a Strategist

On April 4th of that year, exactly one week after the sinking of the "Xinyu", Mr. Sun Wen set off from Japan on the "Emaru" for Shanghai. He was accompanied by Liao Zhongkai, Dai Jitao, Zhang Ji, and his Japanese friend Miyazaki Tozo. wait.

On May 5, Mr. Sun Wen arrived in Shanghai, and on the 1th he issued a second statement against thieves, saying:

Eliminate evil and do everything, and there will be no mercy for the Yuan family.If Yuan's deceitful power is used to kill people, he must also end up with the monarchy, and there will be no one in the world who uses his old wisdom.

This statement is just one sentence: Yuan Shikai must die!
The fact that Mr. Sun Wen was able to return to China safely indicated that Yuan Shikai had lost his final ability to control.In other words, his time of death has really arrived.

When Mr. Sun is about to win his victory, we must find out, what is the difference between Sun Wen and Yuan Shikai?
Let's first look at Harvard University professor Fei Zhengqing's evaluation of Yuan Shikai in his "Cambridge History of the Republic of China":
He was by nature a practitioner, not a theoretician.He did not conceive a scheme of improvement, nor lay down a set of principles for it, but merely practiced them, and proved their practicability.

What Professor Fairbank meant was: Yuan Shikai is a man of affairs.

What about Sun Wen?
"Shizaitang Miscellaneous Memories" written by Liu Yusheng mentioned the magic method of speech described by Mr. Sun Wen:
One, practice posture.Standing on the podium, the demeanor and posture must not only make the audience feel solemn and respectful, but also make the audience feel calm and peaceful when speaking.The most taboo is frivolity, everything is natural, sometimes the meaning of the words is serious, to arouse the attention of the audience, but you can't pretend to be shocking.When I was young, I studied speeches and practiced in front of the mirror until there were no shortcomings.

[-]. Practice the tone of voice. Speech is like a composition, with the breath as the main focus, and the penetration of the breath means that the speech can be long or short, and the sound is suitable for both high and low voices.When it comes to the most important point, throwing the ground makes the sound of gold and stone.When it comes to Pingyan, fearing that the listeners will get tired, it is advisable to quote stories from the sidelines, mixed with humorous words, and raise the spirit of the audience.Misunderstandings and absurd theories, once returned to the right, always run through, not fragmented, turbulent, turbulent, and follow things in a hurry.When I was in the United States when I was young, I listened to famous speeches, and I was concise and contemplative about someone's uniqueness. After a long time, it naturally became a speech for one person.

As we know, Mr. Sun Wen is a professional agitator who started out with speaking and writing, and spent most of his life raising money—that is, persuading everyone to hand over their money to him.

In this way, compared to the great Confucian Wang Kaiyun and his disciple Yang Du, Mr. Sun Wen is a real political strategist.Mr. Xishen's life is exactly the same as that of Su Qin and Zhang Yi in the Warring States period. He traveled among various countries and lobbied the princes with his superb eloquence.If there must be any difference between the two, it is that the scope of Su Tai's activities is narrow, limited to the six eastern countries. Probably because the means of transportation were not developed at that time, Su Qin went out to lobby and only had bullock carts to ride, and the speed dragged him down.Mr. Sun Wen, on the other hand, uses the entire earth as a battlefield, lobbying anyone he can meet, and persuading them to support him.In addition, Mr. Sun Wen's vertical and horizontal history has been smeared with a layer of modern political color, so his career is bigger than that of the ancestor of the vertical and horizontal family, Su Qin.

Now we can finally be sure that Yuan Shikai is a doer, while Mr. Sun Wen is a strategist.So what is the difference between a doer and a strategist?
Doers think about things, and strategists think about people.

In fact, Yuan Shikai started his career by thinking about things. When he was training in Xiaozhan, he had to think about all the military ideas that could be used for reference. Without thinking about these, there would be no Beiyang military group.On the other hand, Mr. Sun Wen devotes himself to thinking about people, and believes that only people are the most important thing, because things are done by people, whether they are good or bad, and the effect depends on people. If you think about people thoroughly, things will be done. Understood.

Compare, who is better, Sun Wen or Yuan Shikai?
Of course it was Sun Wen. When Yuan Shikai was thinking about how to do things well, Mr. Sun Wen was thinking about him.Yuan Shikai thought that things could not be done well because he had not studied thoroughly enough, but Mr. Sun Wen thought that it was because you were wrong, that it was impossible to find the right way to do things.As long as I kill you, it's OK.

Taiwan published the "Chronicles of the Fathers of the Nation". There is a passage in it, which is the scene of the meeting between Sun and Yuan on August 1912, 8. This passage vividly depicts Yuan Shikai who was thinking about things, and Mr. Sun Wen who was thinking about Yuan Shikai:
Mr. Liu stayed in Beijing for about one month, and met with Yuan thirteen times. Each conversation lasted from [-]:[-] p.m. to [-]:[-] p.m. or [-]:[-] p.m.Every time they meet, Mr. Zhi, Yuan Shikai and Liang Shiyi will withdraw from the attendants.What we talk about is all national affairs, Chinese and foreign situations, including railways, industry, diplomacy, and military issues.The surface is very smooth.Mr. Yuan inspected Yuan's ambitions, but he still respected them to reassure him.

The characteristic of this passage is that Mr. Sun Wen is superior to Yuan Shikai's head a priori, and Mr. Sun is given the power to look down on Yuan Shikai, rather than two people who are equal in personality.This transcendental perspective of description appropriately differentiates the thinking orientations of the two.

(End of this chapter)