The FBI teaches you lie detection, people reading and intelligence skills

Chapter 28: The Line Test: Leading Liars to the Truth

To conduct a successful and effective psychological test, we must first compile a set of scientific, objective and fair test questions.There are many schools of question making methods, but commonly used test methods can be roughly divided into three types: one is the crime plot test method; the other is the tension peak test method; the third is the principle question test method.

The so-called guiding lie criterion test method refers to guiding the subject to tell a lie on the criterion question in the application of the criterion test method, which is used as the criterion.It is listed as the three yardstick tests along with the traditional possibility lie and hypothetical lie.This method has been well used in practice. This chapter will introduce this test method and the matters that should be paid attention to in the test.

§§§The first section knows everything about the basic testing process

The guiding lie criterion test method should understand the case before the test, and make preparations such as the background investigation of the subjects.The basic test process is divided into the following steps from the pre-test conversation:

1. Explain the purpose of the test
Tell the person under test the fact that he will face a psychological test and let him choose (test or not). It should be emphasized that this is a way to investigate the case, and it is a deep investigation. If it is an innocent person, it is of course a rare one. Opportunity.Telling the subjects that it can help clarify suspicions can relax the innocent and make the guilty realize that it is difficult to escape scientific testing.

2. Talk about yourself
There are two parts to this process.First, let the subjects introduce their basic experience, which is the process of interaction between the main test and the subjects.The main tester can continuously infiltrate the pre-drawn outline into the conversation, guiding the subjects to say more information that the main tester hopes to get.Lay the groundwork for setting up and adjusting criteria.At this stage, the subjects tend to tell the truth when telling their own experiences. The main tester should take this opportunity to carefully observe his facial expressions, body language and other auxiliary performances when telling the truth.

Second, let the subject talk about his relationship with the case, his activities at the time of the case and his views on the case itself.On the one hand, it confirms some specific information about the case itself obtained during reviewing files and contacting the client handling the case, and on the other hand, attention should still be paid to observing him.See whether he dodges key details and key time periods, and how different the content he said is from the information mastered by the main tester.Through this step, on the one hand, we can have a more comprehensive understanding and contact with the subjects; on the other hand, we can also use this stage to gradually relax the innocent subjects.

3. Talk about the principle of lie detection

In this segment, the Leading Lie Criterion Test is very different from other talking techniques such as the Likelihood Lie Criterion Test.Its approach is that when lying is different from telling the truth, people's psychological feelings are different, and a series of changes will also occur in the human body. Now I will tell you why it is different.

(1) The thinking process of lying is more complicated than that of telling the truth, and the subjects have to avoid the real content, and there is a lot of thinking process in this process (because they have to justify themselves).

(2) At the same time, the subjects had to weigh their opponents.No matter how clever a child is in lying, it is difficult to fool an adult, because he himself may betray himself.We are people who deal with lies, and it is impossible to lie to us.

(3) Under surveillance.The test process is the process in which the subjects are monitored when they are telling the truth or lying. Therefore, the lie detector detects whether the subjects are lying or not by collecting the physiological changes of the subjects.

In this way, part of the content in the test is that the subject must be able to tell the truth, such as name, age, etc.; part of the content is to ask the subject to tell a lie, and the purpose is to see the physiological reaction of the subject when lying.Because there are many physiological changes when people tell a lie, these physiological reactions are very different from those when telling the truth.We have to discuss these issues in advance (start discussing principles).

We not only monitor the physiological reactions of the subjects when they tell the truth, but also monitor the physiological reactions of the subjects when they tell lies, and these reactions are correspondingly stored in the computer database, which belong to the different reaction indicators of the subjects from others.In this way, on issues we all care about—the relationship between the subject and the case—whether the subject is the subject, whether the subject participates, etc.For the answer to this question, the subject will also have a corresponding physiological reaction. Only the subject himself knows which is true and which is false, and the subject's body will faithfully make a judgment and reflect it.The physiological indicators we collect will be classified and processed by the computer itself.It is true that these physiological reactions cannot be controlled even if the subject tries to control them, and the more they want to control the reactions, the more prominent they become.

Therefore, the test questions are divided into two categories: the question of the subject’s ability to tell the truth—see the corresponding physiological indicators when the subject tells the truth; The question of the relationship between the test and the case - which of the previous two categories is equivalent to the corresponding physiological response.These jobs are done by polygraphs and computers.It will not make subjective assumptions, let alone wrong the subjects.If the subject is innocent, he can rest assured.If the subject is guilty, it will definitely not be missed.Once you've done that, start testing, but follow the usual testing rules.

§§§The benefits of using the guiding lie criterion test method in the second section
The benefits of using the Inductive Lie Criterion Test, compared to the Likelihood Lie Criterion Test, are as follows:

(1) It has no deceptive nature and content, is easy to be accepted by the subjects, and eliminates the entanglement in the issue of criteria.

(2) The guilty person will take the initiative to take the initiative because he does not allow the successful collection of the map, and engage in some actions that hinder the test, thereby exposing greater suspicion.

(3) Due to the clear thinking of the test, the main tester's attention is relatively concentrated, and he will not be distracted. It is easy to grasp the rhythm of the test and successfully control the smooth progress of the test.

Several problems should be paid attention to when using the guiding lie criterion test method

(1) The technique of explaining the principle of testing.This is the most important part of doing a good job of guiding lies.It is necessary to have a clear and structured thinking, to truly convince the subject, mobilize his attention, and make him truly believe.Describe the entire testing principle and development principle process, and the use of language should be flexible and easy to use.If the subject understands the principle question as "just let him tell a lie", then he should emphasize to the subject: it seems like this on the surface, and the actual meaning is much greater than the lie itself. It depends on your physiological reaction to lying, but you It's different, different, and the more you care about your responses, the more prominent your responses will be.

(2) During the interview and test process, the grasp of the behavior of the subject should be sensitive and see the essence, including telling the truth about the lying problem during the specific test.Be good at summarizing and distinguishing whether he really forgot how to answer, or not cooperating at all; correct him calmly, and tell him that honest people have no reason not to cooperate.

(3) The whole test process should show the decisiveness, confidence and authority of the main tester.Always pay attention to building the trust of the subjects (especially the innocent) in the main test, and also make the guilty people feel more than calm.

(4) Review maps objectively and scientifically.If you have a good grasp of the entire testing process, then, like other methods of testing, the post-test evaluation is the key to the final test results.Generally speaking, the entire testing process is an interlocking and inseparable whole.It is necessary to be good at deducting the adverse effects on the map due to the occurrence of uncertain situations (actions, interruptions) in the test, so as to ensure that objective results are obtained.

§§§ In the third section, let’s see what are the commonly used guiding lie questions
(1) Have you done any dishonorable things that you don't want others to know?
(2) Have you ever lied to cover up a certain fact (for what purpose)?

(3) Have you ever had an improper sexual relationship with a woman (man) other than your wife (husband)?

(4) Have you had the experience the questioner hypothesizes?
In short, the application of any testing method requires corresponding theoretical support and a large number of practical tests.The same goes for the leading lie benchmark test.When starting out with this method, many people feel that such a yardstick may be too light to really protect the innocent.In fact, such a method can easily make the subject sit in the right place because the explanation principle is relatively simple and easy to understand, and it can often fully mobilize his attention in a short period of time and achieve better test results.Of course, this test method alone cannot solve all the problems. It needs to be used in combination with test methods such as the plot test method to achieve more satisfactory results.It is worth noting that any kind of testing method can play an important role if its principle can be thoroughly understood and the method used appropriately.

(End of this chapter)