The FBI teaches you lie detection, people reading and intelligence skills

Chapter 32 Psychological lie detection: detection and measurement of people's psychological traces (1)
Psychological testing technology is the use of psychological testing equipment to detect and measure people's psychological traces, making the intangible visible and allowing people to see their psychological traces and quantify them. Therefore, it is a scientific, objective and fair means of appraisal technology.In this chapter, FBI experts will introduce you to the relevant knowledge of psychological method lie detection.

§§§The first section understands the psychology of lying and easily sees through lies

According to research by psychologists, it is generally believed that people in the following four mental states are more liars:
The first type is too self-centered
FBI experts pointed out that most people are self-centered when they think about problems and deal with things, but the problem is that this self-centered psychology should be restricted within an appropriate limit.If it is not serious enough to damage the lives of others, everyone can live in peace.But if a person's self-centered psychology is too serious, lies will follow.

People who are too self-centered often talk about themselves on many occasions. Their lies sometimes become wonderful creations, such as their contacts with celebrities, their education in prestigious schools, their noble backgrounds, and even Some adventurous experiences, strange love affairs... When liars get carried away, they tend to exaggerate their expressions like acting, which makes people feel very unnatural.Occasionally some liars will be melancholic, but in acting it's no different, liars will often babble to people about how frightened they are, how sad they are, or how sick they are, they're almost sick, etc. Things, in fact, these things are often half-truths, or even completely fictional.From a psychological point of view, this kind of overly self-centered person is often a person with a naive mentality.Almost everyone knows that children often like to be self-centered and often use "I..." as the topic.

The second type is too much vanity

This type of liar pays attention to appearance decoration, cares a lot about others' evaluation of him, likes to chase fashion, and speaks a lot of fashionable words.Liars seem to know a lot about Chinese clothing and food, famous cars and stores, high-end entertainment venues, anecdotes, gossip, etc., and they talk eloquently and eloquently.Because liars pay too much attention to external things and neglect to cultivate their personal qualities and temperament, but they are eager to win the applause of others. Therefore, when they cannot achieve this goal with their inner strength, lying becomes the most convenient way. means.

The third type is too strong

It is not a bad thing for a person to be strong, because it can motivate him to work hard and achieve greater achievements and achievements in work and career.However, everything has a limit, beyond which it will go to its opposite.The same is true of being strong. Be strong in everything, always be strong, and always want to be superior to others. This is very good as an ideal, but if it is implemented in life, it is somewhat inappropriate and even difficult.Because each of us is restricted by many factors such as talent, origin, upbringing, and physical condition, it is almost impossible to achieve superiority in every field at every time.

People with too strong mentality live very tired. These people don't understand the limitations of life, or can't see the limitations at all. They just desperately want to go to that unattainable height. Once they fail, they don't want to face it calmly. Yes, so lying and weaving reasons to find a way out for themselves, and fabricating successful scenarios to deceive others or deceive themselves often become their forte.

The fourth type is too strong a sense of inferiority

Generally speaking, most people with a strong sense of inferiority complex are very sensitive in their hearts. This kind of people can not only keenly feel the many places they are not as good as others, but at the same time, it is very easy for everyone around them to pay attention to them—even if it is care and help. ——See it as pity for yourself.

People with strong inferiority complex, on the one hand, have low self-esteem, but on the other hand, they are never reconciled to their current situation. They always feel that they should have better performance, better material treatment, and receive more respect and respect. admit.But these can only exist in his dreams, not in reality.Therefore, as a resistance to inferiority complex, most of these inferiority complexes will use lies as weapons to adjust their position and image in the minds of others.

§§§ Section [-] Foolish couples, foolish women, easily deceived mental state

Now that we know the mental state of a liar, what kind of mental state is it that is easy to be deceived and listen to lies?It is generally believed that people with strong herd mentality, deep cognitive prejudice, greedy psychology, lack of specific knowledge and fixed thinking are more likely to listen to lies and be deceived.

A person with a strong herd mentality is someone who is often said to have "no idea". Seeing that others are doing the same, he will follow the crowd. This kind of person who lacks his own independent opinions is also more likely to be deceived.In addition, people with a strong herd mentality tend to have a strong awe of authority.Therefore, liars also recognize this gullible psychology, and love to use the tone of a certain "authoritative person" or "authoritative media" to lie and cheat.

People with deep cognitive biases are the opposite of people with strong herd mentality. These people do not follow the crowd, and they seem to have "independent thinking ability" on the surface.But in fact, such a person has gone to the other extreme-seeing the problem too subjectively.Therefore, when liars cater to their psychology and throw out some false information, such people will not only believe it, but even have the feeling of "meeting a bosom friend". During the "SARS" period, a 14-year-old boy in Hong Kong posted a fake news on the Internet: Hong Kong will soon be declared an epidemic area.The result was a panic, with thousands of Hong Kongers rushing into stores to stock up on groceries.These Hong Kong people all have preconceived beliefs that SARS is an uncontrollable infectious disease.

People with a strong desire for greed, in response to a Chinese idiom - the obsessed with money.This kind of person is not necessarily unintelligent or shrewd, but in the face of the false benefits offered by liars, they become dizzy and are repeatedly fooled.

People with less specific knowledge are also more likely to be deceived.It is hard to imagine that a person who specializes in hardware will buy back an old computer, and a person who specializes in cars will buy back an assembled car.Liars are powerless against real experts.In the words of the common people, it is "playing a big knife in front of Master Guan", which is asking for trouble.Those who fall in love with being deceived are often "foolish couples and stupid women". Although it may not be appropriate to say this, the lack of specific knowledge is indeed directly related to being deceived.

§§§The third section snake hits seven inches to catch the psychological burden of the liar
Generally speaking, if a person has a physical problem, it will increase his physical burden, and if he has a mental problem, it will also increase his psychological burden.Psychologists have confirmed that a liar has a heavy psychological burden, so breaking a lie starts with the liar's psychological burden.

1. Looking forward to the perfect psychology of "seamless" lies
As the saying goes: "It's easy to tell a lie, but it's hard to make a lie." Once a liar utters his first lie, especially for important matters, the liar's troubles will roll in: for example, the liar must remember when and where occasions, what lies to whom, and one must be careful at all times in case something is said inadvertently.When others ask about the cause and effect or raise doubts, the liar must also be able to justify himself and speak clearly to ensure that the cover is seamless.

However, the consequence of doing so is that the liar often needs to use more and more lies to "support" the previous lies, so there are often more and more loopholes to fill.Because every time you tell a lie, the risk of showing your flaws or being caught will increase, so the psychological burden of the liar will become heavier and heavier.In social communication, liars often encounter such troubles: a lie told in order to show off themselves or to get out of a difficult situation, but at the same time it is an insincere and powerless promise, but later they are forced to put the lie into action, Reap the consequences.

2. Feeling guilty with uneasy conscience

Some people may say, what conscience do liars have?In fact, most of the liars are ordinary people, how could they have no conscience?In many cases, the average person chooses to lie without deliberate, or even genuine, intention.Therefore, after a period of time, when the liar finds that his behavior has caused undue terrible harm to the deceived, or finds that he is "wronged by his cleverness" and falls into a terrible situation of "credibility crisis", the liar It is very likely to regret your actions, blame yourself for the ugly side of your heart, or feel guilty for hurting the person who was deceived.

When the sense of guilt caused by lying is very strong, the liar will feel very painful psychologically, so that he feels that lying at the beginning was not worthwhile, and the gain outweighs the loss. When the deceived person or others mention the deceived person's name in a conversation, he will also appear disturbed.Sometimes, in order to get rid of this kind of psychological torture, some liars know that they will be punished for telling the truth, and they will all come out.

Psychologists believe that the uneasy guilt of a liar after telling a lie is related to the following factors: First, as far as the deceived object is concerned, if the liar deceives someone he has always respected, Or someone who has always trusted him, he will feel that his behavior has violated the moral norms, and he will have conscience and remorse.Conversely, if the liar is deceiving people whom he usually dislikes and hates, especially those who have deceived him often in the past, then he will think that it is reasonable and just to deceive them and make them suffer harm, at best it is a Appropriate retaliation is all, and the self-blame of psychological uneasiness will be greatly relieved.Secondly, as far as lying itself is concerned, if the liar can gain benefits from lying, and this benefit is lost by the deceived, the liar will feel that his behavior is improper and immoral.If the liar believes that he has gained nothing from the lie, or that the deceived has lost nothing or been harmed at all, he will not feel so much guilt.Finally, as far as the characteristics of liars themselves are concerned, those whose values ​​and moral standards are very different from those of the whole society, even if they tell a big lie, it is difficult to feel the slightest sense of guilt. In their view, gaining benefits and success can be done by any means .On the contrary, most of the people who are prone to feel guilty about lying are those who have received normal and strict education from an early age and are convinced that lying is a shameful act.

3. The sophistry of looking for excuses

(End of this chapter)