Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Chapter 4 Second Painting (2)
For star anise, see "The Essence of Materia Medica".It is the fruit of Illicium verum Hook.f., an evergreen small tree of the family Illicaceae.Mainly produced in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan and other places.

[synonym] star anise, star anise, spiced star anise, ship fennel, star anise.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] pungent, sweet, warm.Return liver, kidney, spleen, stomach warp.

【Efficacy and Application】Dispelling cold and relieving pain: used for cold colic, abdominal pain, testicular prolapse, and can be used with cumin, frankincense, lychee core, etc.Regulating qi and harmonizing the stomach: used for stomach cold and vomiting, abdominal distension and pain, and can be compatible with woody, ginger, etc.

Modern commonly used for small intestinal hernia, orchitis, chronic gastritis, indigestion.To treat indigestion, it is often combined with Jiao Hawthorn, Citrus aurantium, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 3-6g; or into pills or powder.

[Cautions for use] This product is pungent, warm and dry in nature, and can easily injure yin and blood, so it should be used with caution in patients with yin deficiency and hyperactivity of fire.

[Modern Research] Contains volatile oil, fatty oil, protein, resin, etc.The volatile oil contains more than 80% anethole and a small amount of anisaldehyde, anisone, safrole, etc., which can promote gastrointestinal motility, relieve abdominal pain, and increase respiratory secretion for expectoration.The alcohol extract can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae and fungi in vitro.

For human urine, see "Bielu of Famous Doctors".Pee for healthy people.Generally, the urine of male children under 10 years old is better.

[synonym] boy poop, boy pee.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] salty, cold.GUIXIN, lung, bladder, kidney channel.

【Efficacy and application】Nourishing yin and reducing fever: It is used for bone steaming and hot flashes caused by yin deficiency and hyperactivity of fire. Use human urine and honey kimono alone, or decoct it together with nourishing yin and antipyretic decoction; for chronic cough due to yin deficiency, it can be used with sand Ginseng, Habitat, and Ophiopogon japonicus are used together.Removing blood stasis and stopping bleeding: for hemoptysis due to exhaustion, hematemesis, epistaxis, can be mixed with human urine and ginger juice, or leek juice, and taken slowly, or stewed with vinegar and sugar for human consumption; used for postpartum haemorrhage, traumatic injuries For those who are injured and have stasis and internal resistance, human urine can be taken with wine, or it can be used with safflower, eupatorium, and sumac.

In modern times, it is commonly used for tuberculosis fever, tuberculosis hemoptysis, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, bronchiectasis hemoptysis, acute leukemia, non-traumatic epistaxis, irregular menstruation, bruises, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Oral administration: warm fresh urine, 30-50mL; or in human decoction.

[Cautions for use] This product is salty and cold, and can easily damage the spleen yang, so it is contraindicated for those with spleen and stomach deficiency, loose stools and diarrhea.

【Modern research】The composition of this product often changes greatly due to the influence of diet and urination time.Generally, it contains urea, uric acid, creatinine, ammonia, hippuric acid, urea, sodium chloride, potassium, phosphoric acid and trace vitamins (such as vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C), amino acids, hormones and urokinase.

See "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic".It is the root of Panax ginseng CAMey., a perennial herb of Araliaceae.Wild ginseng is called wild ginseng, and those cultivated artificially are called garden ginseng.Mainly produced in Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and other places.Wild ginseng is excavated from May to June; garden ginseng that has been cultivated for more than 5 years should be excavated in autumn when the stems and leaves are about to wither.

[Synonym] Mountain ginseng, garden ginseng, Jilin ginseng, Korean ginseng, Biezhi ginseng, red ginseng, white ginseng, sugar ginseng.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] sweet, slightly bitter, slightly warm.Return spleen, lung meridian.

【Efficacy and application】Replenishing vital energy: It is used for shortness of breath, fatigue, and faint pulse caused by severe illness, prolonged illness or massive blood loss, and severe vomiting and diarrhea. "Complete Book"); if the qi is exhausted and there are symptoms of yang loss such as cold extremities and spontaneous sweating, it is often used together with aconite, that is, Shenfu Decoction ("Xiaozhu Women's Good Prescription").Replenishment of spleen: used for lack of temper, fatigue caused by biochemical weakness, lack of food, weakness of limbs, chest fullness, vomiting and diarrhea, often used together with Atractylodes macrocephala, Poria cocos, and Zhigancao, that is, Sijunzi Decoction ("Taiping Huimin Heji Bureau Prescription") ") for those with spleen deficiency and cold, it is often combined with Atractylodes macrocephala, dried ginger, and roasted licorice, that is, Lizhong Pills ("Treatise on Febrile Diseases"); Shusan ("Taiping Huimin Heji Bureau Prescription"); for patients with subsidence of middle Qi and long-term venting of the anus, it is often used together with Astragalus, Cimicifuga, and Bupleurum, such as Buzhong Yiqi Decoction ("Spleen and Stomach Theory").Invigorating the lung and relieving asthma: It is used for shortness of breath caused by insufficient lung qi, speech weakness, low coughing, lung and kidney deficiency, kidney inability to accept qi, excessive exhalation and insufficient breathing, and wheezing when moving. It is often combined with walnut meat, Gecko, etc., such as ginseng and walnut soup ("Jisheng Fang"), ginseng and gecko powder ("Health Treasure Book").Supplementing qi and promoting body fluid: used for thirst, hyperhidrosis, shortness of breath and weak pulse caused by both qi and yin injuries, often used together with Ophiopogon japonicus and Schisandra chinensis, that is, Shengmaisan ("Internal and Internal Injury Discrimination and Confusion Theory"); used for quenching thirst, often Compatible with pollen, habitat, Anemarrhena, etc.Soothe the nerves and improve intelligence: It is used for heart and spleen deficiency, palpitations, insomnia, forgetfulness, fatigue and fatigue caused by lack of nourishment of the mind.In addition, it also has the effects of nourishing qi and blood, strengthening yang, etc., and is used for blood deficiency, impotence, and physical weakness.For blood deficiency, it is often combined with Rehmannia glutinosa, Angelica, etc.; for impotence, it is often combined with velvet antler, Ziheche, etc.; .

Modern commonly used in cardiogenic, hemorrhagic and septic shock, hypercholesterolemia, coronary arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, myocardial dystrophy, mitral valve defect, various mental illnesses and neurasthenia, diabetes, chronic gastritis, achlorhydria , Ulcer disease, acute viral hepatitis, autonomic dysfunction and various types of impotence, gastric cancer, colon cancer, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, rheumatic heart disease, pulmonary encephalopathy, tuberculosis, neuralgia, etc.

【用法用量】煎服：3～10g（急救用15～30g）；研末吞服，1～2g。

【Cautions for use】The human decoction of this product should be decocted separately over low heat, and drink the ginseng juice and other human medicine soups.Because of its strong effect of invigorating qi, it should not be used for syndromes such as the onset of exogenous pathogenic factors, blazing interior heat, hyperactivity of liver yang, and syndromes of dampness resistance and food stagnation.Anti veratrum, evil acacia, so it can not be used with the above medicine.When taking ginseng, do not take radish, tea and other foods at the same time.Ginseng is expensive, and Codonopsis ginseng is mostly used as a substitute in general tonics, but ginseng is still suitable for collapse and critical syndrome.

[Modern research] Contains more than 15 kinds of ginsenosides, and also contains volatile oil. In addition, it also contains ginseng acid, carrot sterol, various sugars and panaxotriose amino acids, organic acids, choline, cholamine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and vitamin B[-]. C et al.Ginseng can excite the central nervous system, accelerate the conduction of nerve impulses, shorten the latency of nerve reflexes, enhance conditioned reflexes, improve analytical ability, and reduce fatigue.It can excite the pituitary adrenal system, enhance the resistance to harmful stimuli, enhance the body's disease resistance, and improve the tolerance of animals to low or high temperatures.It has the effect of promoting gonadal hormone, which can promote the function of male and female gonads.It can strengthen the contractility of the heart, and its action characteristics are similar to those of cardiac glycosides. The effect of its alcohol infusion is stronger than that of water infusion, but excessive use can cause poisoning.Animal experiments have proved that a small amount of ginseng can constrict peripheral blood vessels and raise blood pressure slightly.It also has an effect on metabolism, can lower blood sugar, and has a synergistic effect with insulin.It can also regulate cholesterol metabolism, inhibit the occurrence of hypercholesterolemia, and reduce serum cholesterol if hypercholesterolemia has been formed.Can improve digestion and absorption function, increase appetite.Can promote the synthesis of protein ribonucleic acid.It has an antidiuretic effect similar to that of deoxycorticosterone.It has anti-allergic effect, can weaken the anaphylactic shock caused by horse serum, and also has a significant inhibitory effect on anaphylactic edema, and its principle may be related to its antihistamine.It can stimulate the hematopoietic organs and make the hematopoietic function vigorous.It can enhance the body's immunity, promote the production of immunoglobulin, promote the production of white blood cells, and prevent and treat the decline of white blood cells caused by various reasons; it can increase the number of lymphocytes, promote the transformation of lymphoblasts, and enhance the function of the reticuloendothelial system.

Among the people, see "Rihuazi Zhujia Materia Medica".A solid that naturally settles in human urine.Shovel out the urine scale deposited on the inner surface of old urinals, urine buckets, etc. That is.

[Synonyms] Human urine white, urine white alkali, drowning Baidong, Bai Qiushuang, Qiu Baishuang, urine stem.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] salty, cold.Return lung, heart, liver, urinary bladder channel.

【Efficacy and application】clearing away heat and detoxifying: used for throat swelling and pain caused by accumulation of heat and toxin, malnutrition and aphthous sores.Removing blood stasis and stopping bleeding: used for hemoptysis and epistaxis caused by blood heat combined with stasis.

Modern commonly used for oral ulcers, tonsillitis, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, non-traumatic nosebleeds and bruises and so on.It can be used alone in the treatment of bruises and contusions. Grind it into very fine powder, 1.5g per serving, mixed with good wine.

[Usage and Dosage] Oral administration: Grind into powder and take after mixing with water, 3-6g.External application: Appropriate amount, grind into powder and blow throat; or adjust and apply to affected area.

[Cautions for use] This product is salty and cold, and can easily injure yang qi, so it should not be used for those with spleen and stomach deficiency.

[Modern Research] Mainly contains calcium phosphate, calcium urate, etc.

Among the people, see "Nihuazi Zhujia Materia Medica".It is a finished product made by putting licorice powder in a bamboo tube and soaking in human cesspit.

[synonym] licorice yellow, Ganzhong yellow.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] sweet, salty, cold.GUIXIN, liver, stomach warp.

【Efficacy and application】clearing away heat and detoxification: for heat-toxin sores, sore throat, erysipelas, often used with silver flower, gardenia, dandelion, etc. , or equivalent decoction with gypsum, Anemarrhena, Coptidis.Cooling blood and dispelling plaques: For heat-toxin-induced plaques, irritability and constipation, it can be used in the same way as buffalo horn, rehmannia glutinosa, and paeonol; for hematemesis due to blood heat, it can be used in the same way as madder and arborvitae leaves.

It is commonly used in modern times for cellulitis, Japanese encephalitis, and epidemic meningitis.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 6-10g (wrapped in cloth); or into pills or powder.

[Cautions for use] Contraindicated for non-excessive heat syndrome.

For human milk, see "Bielu of Famous Doctors".Milk for healthy lactating women.

[synonym] milk, human milk.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] sweet, salty, flat.GUIXIN, Lung, Stomach, Liver Channel.

[Applications] Enriching blood and nourishing yin: for lack of qi and blood, fatigue and thinness, it can be taken with ginseng and Poria cocos powder as pills; for yin deficiency and blood deficiency, it can be taken with raw land, trichosanthes, coptis, raw land, lotus root Juice is the same.Nourishing the liver and improving eyesight: For red eyes, swelling and pain caused by liver deficiency and heat, with embarrassment and tears, take fresh milk and apply it to the eyes.In addition, it can be applied externally with equal parts of tung oil to treat scabies and shin sores.

Modern commonly used for malnutrition, diabetes, night blindness, central retinitis, optic atrophy, electro-optic ophthalmia, etc.To treat electro-optic ophthalmia, it can be directly dropped on the bulbar conjunctiva of the outer canthus of both eyes, once every 5 to 15 minutes, 1 to 2 drops on each side.

[Usage and Dosage] Oral administration: Appropriate amount, take hot drink with fresh milk.External application: appropriate amount, apply to eyes.

[Modern Research] Contains protein, fat, carbohydrates, ash, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, niacin, and a small amount of fatty acids.

For ginseng leaves, see "Additional Discrimination of Counterfeit Medicines".It is the leaf of Panax ginseng CAMey., a perennial herb of Araliaceae.

[Synonym] Ginseng leaves.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, sweet, cold.Return lung, stomach warp.

【Efficacy and application】clearing heat and promoting body fluid: It is used for fever and body fluid injury, summer heat polydipsia, diabetes, etc.It can be used alone or with gypsum, Anemarrhena, and japonica rice to treat fever and injury. It can also be used in combination with reed root, Anemarrhena, and Ophiopogon japonicus. wait.Clear dryness and moisten the lungs: for dry cough due to dryness of the lungs, alone, or with Anemarrhena anemarrhena, Fritillaria, and mulberry leaves.In addition, for those who drink too much and cause dizziness, polydipsia, and vomiting, it can be used with Pueraria root, orange peel, and white coriander;

Modern commonly used in coronary heart disease, hidden diabetes, perimenopausal (menopausal) syndrome, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 3-10g.

[Modern Research] Contains a variety of ginsenosides, flavonoids kaempferol, trefoil bean glycosides, ginseng flavonoid glycosides and luteolin-7-glucoside, etc.See "Ginseng".

For ginseng, see "The Classic of Fengyuan".It is the fine root and fibrous root of Panaxginseng CA Mey., a perennial herb of Araliaceae.

[Synonym] Ginseng.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] sweet, bitter, flat.Return lung, stomach warp.

【Efficacy and application】Supplementing Qi and promoting body fluid: It is used for vomiting, thirst, coughing and vomiting blood caused by deficiency of both Qi and Yin. Its function is similar to that of ginseng but weak in strength.

[Usage and Dosage] Decoction: 3-10g.

[Modern research] The ingredients and pharmacological effects of this product are similar to those of ginseng, see this article.

For human nails, see "Materia Medica Yanyi".For healthy human nails.

[Synonym] Claw armor, calcined nails.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] sweet, salty, flat.Return liver, lung meridian.

【Efficacy and application】Astringing and hemostasis: For epistaxis, you can blow the nose with calcined nail powder; for hematuria, you can divide it into powder with blood remaining charcoal, and take it with water and wine.Dispelling wind and relieving convulsions: used for tetanus, tetany, can be mixed with Araceae, Duhuo, and cinnabar.Relieves sore throat and dissipates stagnation: For sore throat, single and double breast milk, can be taken with bezoar, dark plum, borax, etc. as pills.Improving eyesight and reversing nebula: used for eyesight nebula, grind into fine powder and apply to eyes.In addition, after calcining, this product is ground into fine powder with borneol and blown into the ear, which can cure purulent ear.

Modern commonly used for epistaxis, hematuria, tetanus, acute tonsillitis, suppurative otitis media, etc.

[Usage and Dosage] Oral administration: into pills and powders, 1.5-2.5g.External application: Appropriate amount, powdered into eyes, twitching nose or blowing ears.

[Modern Research] Mainly contains keratin.

See "Materia Medica Seeking the Original" for Taurus entering the earth.It is the root, root bark or stem bark of the woody vine of Rutaceae Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC.Distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Yunnan, Sichuan and other places.

[Synonym] Double-sided needle, double-sided needle, double-sided thorn, Shangshanhu.

[meridian distribution of property and flavor] pungent, bitter, slightly warm.It is slightly poisonous.Return liver, stomach warp.

(End of this chapter)