Super top students: the most efficient learning method for top students

Chapter 26 The third step of efficient learning - Accurate memory (2)
This review method requires that you recall a certain amount of material within a certain period of time.For example, answer a historical question within 1 minute, etc.This training is divided into three steps:

The first step is to sort out the content of the materials and try to summarize them into a few points so that the memories can be followed in an orderly manner.After finishing, calculate the approximate time required for recalling.

The second step is to recall by silent recitation or aloud according to the specified time.

The third step is to use a shorter time to recall in the way of thinking only in the brain.

When training, pay attention to two points:
One is that the time should not be too tight at the beginning, but it should not be too loose either.If it is too tight, you will fail to complete the recall task on time many times, and you will feel afraid of difficulties and lose confidence; if it is too loose, you will not achieve the purpose of training.While training, you must also force yourself to concentrate. If your attention is distracted, it will directly affect your reaction speed, so you must keep reminding yourself.

The second is that if you can't complete the task within the specified time during training, don't be nervous, and don't get angry and practice repeatedly when you are upset, otherwise the more you practice, the worse it will be.You should take a proper rest for a while, think of some good things, and practice after you feel better.

In short, study should be diligent in review, only in this way, the effect of memory understanding will be better, and the speed of forgetting will be slower.

Excessive memory + alternate memory, let memory upgrade

We know that boiling water can reach a maximum of 100°C, no matter how much firepower is added, the water temperature will not exceed 100°C.Memory is different, it is not enough to remember to the point where you can recall it 100% correctly.If memorizing a material 10 times can achieve the purpose of completely correct recall, then we call it 10% learning if it is repeated 100 times, if it is only learned 5 times, it is 50% of learning, and 15 times is 150% of learning.

In other words, if you can recall correctly 4 times, it is best to review it two more times.

Sima Guang, a great historian of the Song Dynasty, had a bad memory when he was young, so he decided to train his memory for his studies.When others were playing, he studied behind closed doors, learning the academic spirit of Confucius' "Three Masters of Wei Bian".Later, Sima Guang not only made great progress in his studies, but also his memory became stronger and stronger.

This kind of memory method is called "excessive memory" in psychology, that is, if we want to get a long-term memory of the knowledge we have learned, we must study it thoroughly and memorize it several times on the basis of memorizing materials to achieve memorization, degree of memorization.

Experiments by psychologists have proved that low-level learning materials are easy to forget, while over-learning materials are better than those that can be recited.The spirit of the over-learning method may be experienced more or less by most students in the learning process.

The principle of over-learning is to improve memory by increasing the intensity of stimulation and increasing the excitement of brain cells.General knowledge and everyday things are like passing clouds, but scenes of distress, scenes of humiliation and articles written by myself are unforgettable for a lifetime.The difference is that the latter has a greater stimulus intensity.In a serious exam, you will quickly forget the content of the questions you answer easily, and you will not forget the content of the questions you have to answer with great effort or questions that you have not answered for a long time.This is called the "Zigoni effect" in psychology.

According to this principle, information enters the brain through a certain pathway, and is repeatedly turned back and forth according to a certain neuron circuit. This state will take a certain period of time to be consolidated.Therefore, it is recommended that teenagers should properly use the method of over-learning in their studies, otherwise the memorized content will be easily forgotten.

Although we have repeatedly emphasized that over-learning is conducive to improving the retention of information, that is, the more times you review, the higher the memory retention rate, but over-memorization does not mean over-memory or fatigue memory.Excessive memory has a "degree" in it. If this "degree" is exceeded, the memory efficiency will not increase but decrease.Experiments have proved that if the number 100 is used as adequate, that is, the time spent just enough to recite, then the most economical is the excessive memory between 100 and 150, and the learning of 150 to 200 is not cost-effective, and 150 is the best time or number of times.Although the overall retention will increase, the loss outweighs the gain.Therefore, the excessive memory method is not without time and frequency restrictions, and the "adequate" time or frequency is not effective enough; too much "excessive" will make people tired, bored, and distracted.

Some people have done such an experiment: let three groups of subjects practice rowing mazes, the first group practiced until they could draw the maze correctly, the second group did 50% more exercises, and every three groups did 100% more. practise.Test after a period of time, the result is that if you do 50% more exercises, the memory effect will be significantly improved; and if it exceeds 50%, the memory effect will not increase significantly.

Because when we try to memorize excessively, we must also grasp the "speed", and don't fight fatigue, it is not worth the loss.In terms of memory, psychologists have also discovered such a rule: the content of memory before and after will interfere with each other.In order to reduce this interference, we can memorize different memorization materials alternately.The so-called alternate memory is to allocate materials or things of different nature according to time, and memorize alternately at intervals, shorten the time for continuous memorization of the same material, and make the materials memorized before and after have less similarity.Studies have shown that the greater the similarity of content, the greater the mutual interference.Even if the materials are different, there is mutual interference.

Marx and Lenin paid special attention to using this efficient memory method.When Lenin introduced the learning experience to his sister Ulyanova, he said: "I advise you to allocate time correctly according to the existing books and diversify the learning content. I can clearly remember the exchange of reading or work content. After translation It is very beneficial to switch to reading, do gymnastics after writing, and read novels after reading important books..."

So, how do we implement alternate learning?

1. Embody alternate learning in the study plan

When making a study plan, indicate the periods of alternate study in the plan.In this way, a tangible constraint can be formed to avoid possible learning fatigue, prolong the excitement time of the brain, and allow yourself to bear less unnecessary pressure and pain.

2. Control the study time of a single subject in the plan

Appropriate control of a single subject is required in the plan.In this way, it is equivalent to completing the learning task of a single subject in a shorter time, which will obviously improve the learning efficiency.

3. Divide key subjects into several periods of study
For weak items in learning and subjects that require great effort, you can divide the daily learning tasks into several periods and study them separately, which is better than continuous learning.

4. Pay attention to alternate learning of arts and sciences

In the arrangement of study time, special attention should be paid to staggering the arts and sciences, so that the left brain and the right brain can be used alternately to avoid fatigue.

5. At the review stage, pay attention to the alternation in the same subject
In the review stage, you can find some comprehensive application questions involving different parts of knowledge, and learn different parts of the same subject alternately. Through comparative analysis, you can deepen your understanding of knowledge and application ability.

6. When resting, let the tired part of the brain completely relax
During the short rest time, let yourself completely relax and get out of the pressure of learning.At this time, you can listen to music, do exercises, or go for a walk.

During the learning process, if any single activity lasts too long, it will cause people's boredom, fatigue and distraction, thereby reducing learning and memory.Therefore, when we are studying, we must constantly change the learning content and learning methods, and avoid single subjects and single methods.The content of each subject should be carried out alternately, the ears, eyes, mouth, hands and brain should be used together, listening, speaking, reading, writing and calculation should be advanced simultaneously, and learning methods should be diversified. This is the correct way to develop comprehensive quality in an all-round way.

When the body needs to rest, so should the brain.In order for the brain to function efficiently over a long period of time, it must be given regular breaks.Therefore, the following issues should be paid attention to when using the alternate memory method:

1. Memory content should be appropriate
We learn a lot now, but the percentage of forgetting is also high, which can easily cause memory difficulties.Therefore, don't be too greedy to chew more than you can chew, and haste makes waste.

2. Pay attention to the rest in the middle
People of different ages have different attention spans.Generally speaking, the time for middle school students to concentrate on a homework is 30-45 minutes, and college students can keep it for 60-70 minutes.After joining the work, it will be longer, about two hours.Grasping the laws of individual differences can easily improve the efficiency of memory.When you are not concentrating, you can arrange a break and do some exercise outdoors, which can relieve brain fatigue and consolidate the knowledge you have learned.Exercise between classes is to interrupt a memory sequence in the morning and turn it into two memory sequences.Taking a nap can minimize the inhibition between the morning and afternoon, so as to restore the energy for studying in the afternoon and evening.

3. Pay attention to physical exercise
Due to long-term thinking and memory, the blood in the brain will decrease, and the memory effect will decrease accordingly.Timely physical activities can promote blood circulation throughout the body, eliminate fatigue, refresh your mind, and then carry out reading and memory, thereby improving the memory effect.

The following is the theme of a speech. After reading it the first time, think about it; read it the second time, and think about it again;

(1) Economic crisis

(2) A sharp drop in exports

(3) Competition from similar foreign products
(4) Overseas market fades
(5) The role of market rules
(6) Vicious competition among manufacturers

(7) Cancellation of state export subsidies

(8) Emergence of new products

(End of this chapter)