Super top students: the most efficient learning method for top students

Chapter 29: Easy to master because of subject memory (3)
Concentrate some physical concepts and physical laws into a few simple words according to their meanings, and compile them into a phrase for easy memory.For example, when remembering the law of reflection of light, the physical terms of the point, line, surface, and angle involved are compiled into one point (incident point), three lines (reflected light, incident light, normal line), one side (reflected light, incident light, normal in the same plane), two angles (reflection angle, incidence angle) phrases to deepen memory.

When memorizing the imaging rules of convex lenses, you can use the phrases "one focal point is divided into reality and reality, and two focal lengths are divided into size" and "objects are near, image is far, and image becomes larger" to memorize.That is, when the convex lens forms a real image, the image and the object move in the same direction.When the object gradually approaches the double focal length of the convex lens from a long distance, the real image on the other side gradually moves away from the double focal length of the convex lens to more than double the focal length, and the larger the image distance, the larger the image, and vice versa.

5. Mnemonics

Such as: the diagram method of force formulas.

If you want to express your strength, the method is very simple.Choose the scale, and then draw a line, the size of the length table, the arrow shows the direction, pay attention to the tail of the line, put it on the point of action.

Object force analysis:

Applying force instead of drawing force, first analyze the gravitational elastic force, and distinguish the direction of friction force, and identify excessive, missing, wrong, and false.

Applicable steps of Newton's laws:

Draw simple diagrams, define objects, clarify processes, and analyze; choose coordinates, make projections, take components, and formulate equations; find results, check units, substitute data, and make answers.

6. Three more methods

The so-called "three mores" refers to "more understanding, more practice, more summarization".To understand more means to pay close attention to pre-class preview and lectures in class, and to listen carefully; to practice more means to do more exercises after class to really master; Overcome, really understand your own strengths and weaknesses, so that you can understand what you should understand more when you attend lectures in the future, and what topics you should practice more after class, forming a virtuous circle.

7. Experiment with memory

Here are some effective physics experiment review methods:
(1) Review through on-site operation
Put the test instrument on the test table, and conduct on-site operations according to the test principle, purpose and requirements.

(2) Review through information feedback
Discuss the problems that occurred and were discovered during the experiment, correct errors in time, and achieve the purpose of reviewing and consolidating physics concepts.

(3) Review through right and wrong analysis
In the test review, some mistakes are intentionally made in the connection or installation of the instrument, the steps of the test, the reading and counting, etc., the purpose is to let oneself distinguish right from wrong, and to clarify how to do a certain test well.

(4) review by contact
When reviewing a test, you can review it in connection with other tests related to it.

Memorization Method of Geographical Knowledge

Geography is an important part of middle school curriculum, it involves resources, energy, agriculture, industry and other aspects.60% of the annual high school geography exam.The geography knowledge has too many texts and few pictures, which is boring. Students also find it easy to learn and difficult to remember.In response to this phenomenon, we briefly introduce several memory methods:
1. Mnemonics

Example 1: The characteristics of the earth: the equator is slightly bulging, and the poles are slightly flat.Turning from west to east, time begins to change.The north and south are latitude lines, which are relatively equal circles.The east and west are meridians, forming parallel circles; the equator is the longest, and the polarization is a point.

Example 2: The law of temperature distribution: the temperature distribution is different, low latitude is high, high latitude is low; land and ocean are different, summer land temperature is high and sea temperature is low, and terrain height also affects it, with a difference of 6°C per kilometer.

2. Image memory method

Using image memory method to reveal the phenomenon or essential characteristics of geographical things can stimulate middle school students' leap thinking and speed up memory.This method is mostly used to memorize the distribution laws of geographical things, memorize place names, memorize the characteristics of various geographical things and their mutual influence and other knowledge.For example, the distribution of my country's coal resources in Chapter 1, Section [-] of High School Geography Volume [-] mainly includes Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Henan, Shandong, Hebei and other provinces.There are so many names of provinces and regions that it is difficult to remember.You can use the image memory method to read the map, find Shanxi Province on the map, and make it clear that Shanxi Province is the province with the richest coal resources in my country. Combined with the distribution map of coal resources in my country, you can find out the distribution law: they center on Shanxi Province and move counterclockwise Rotate the direction for one turn, and you can remember the names of these provinces and regions. To the north of Shanxi is Inner Mongolia, to the west is Shaanxi, to the south is Henan, and to the east are Shandong and Hebei.Then, it is known on the map that my country's coal resources are still distributed in Anhui and northern Jiangsu Province, as well as Xinjiang, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Heilongjiang in remote provinces.

3. Break down the memory method

The method of decomposing memory is to classify and decompose complicated geographical things into different parts, so as to facilitate "annihilation" one by one.For example, in the first section of Chapter 1 of the second volume of high school geography, remember 1 countries with a population of more than 10 million: China, India, the United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Russia, Japan, Bangladesh, Nigeria and Pakistan, simply memorize Memorizing is hard to remember and easy to forget.It is easier to master by using the method of decomposing and remembering, that is, on the basis of familiarizing with these 10 countries, remember them by continents and divisions: master North America, South America, Europe, and Africa: one for the United States, Brazil, Russia, and Nigeria respectively.The remaining 6 countries are Asian.Asia can be divided into three regions: China and Japan belong to East Asia; Indonesia belong to Southeast Asia; India, Bangladesh and Pakistan belong to South Asia.

4. Table memory method

It is a way to deepen the understanding and memory by comparing the relevant geographical knowledge whose content is easily confused through the list.It uses concise and eye-catching words to simplify the lengthy text narration, so that it is clear and can grasp the relevant geographical knowledge by comparison.For example, for the three industrial technological revolutions in the world, you can compare their ages, major symbols, major industrial sectors, and major industrial centers through a list. The key points are highlighted and clear at a glance.This method is conducive to improving students' generalization ability, developing students' different thinking, strengthening resilience, and improving understanding and memory.

5. Inductive memory method

It is a method of linking knowledge together to form a knowledge structure through the classification and arrangement of geographical knowledge for easy memory.It makes the scattered tend to be concentrated, the fragmentary system is formed, and the chaotic becomes orderly.For example, we must remember the characteristics of my country's land resources, biological resources, and mineral resources. It can be concluded that their common features are diverse types and uneven distribution; and remembering their different characteristics, we can combine land resources, biological resources and The characteristics of mineral resources are all mastered.

6. Image memory
Image memory of geographical knowledge is relative to semantic memory, and refers to the memory of geographical images acquired by students through reading maps and various geographical charts, observing geographical models and specimens, and participating in geographical field investigations and experiments.For example, after learning the two concepts of "longitude" and "latitude", students can form the appearance of theodolite in their minds after observing the theodolite. The concept of "latitude thread" is correctly expressed, which is image memory.Because geographical things have distinct and vivid images, image memory is one of the important methods of geographical memory.Especially when image memory and semantic memory are organically combined, the memory effect will be multiplied.

7. Metaphoric memory method

It is a method to complete the memory by linking the geographical knowledge to be memorized with the relevant knowledge that people are familiar with.Scientific and accurate metaphor memory can make abstract content concrete, boring content interesting and complex content simple.For example: when remembering the seasonal movement of air pressure belt and wind belt, it can be compared to the seasonal migration of swallows.When remembering Saturn, the planet with the largest number of satellites among the eight planets in the solar system, it can be compared to the bully.

8. Homonic memory method

Combine the geographical knowledge that needs to be memorized through homophony, and then associate to create a memory method of artistic conception.For example, ferrous metals mainly include iron, chromium, manganese, etc., and "iron buddies" can be used as homophonic memory.Another example is that the main components of terrestrial planets are hydrogen, neon, and helium, and the homophonic memory of "diligent child" can be used.

9. Absurd mnemonic

The absurd memory method refers to the method of using some bizarre association methods to string scattered geographical knowledge together to form a series of memory methods in the brain.Through strange associations, we can enhance the attractiveness and stimulation of knowledge to us, so that the content that needs to be remembered can be deeply imprinted in our minds.For example, there are mining areas and railways in the Qaidam Basin. When remembering, it can be compiled as "Lenghu goes east to catch fish (card), collects firewood (Dachaidan) goes south to Xishan (Xite Mountain), sweats (Chaerhan) ) cut to Golmud and transported to Chaka by train.”

In short, there are various methods of geographical memory. Middle school students can achieve the effect of remembering without forgetting and getting twice the result with half the effort by adopting different memory methods according to different geographical knowledge.

The Method of Memorizing Political Knowledge

There are many methods of political memory, here are a few methods:
1. Proverb mnemonics

The proverb memory method is a memory method that uses folk proverbs to illustrate a truth.

The benefits of using this memory method are:

(1) It can stimulate one's own interest in learning, promote the enthusiasm of learning, change tiredness of learning into love of learning, and change passive learning into active learning.

(2) It can broaden one's thinking and improve the flexibility of one's thinking.

(3) Be able to cultivate a good study habit and overcome difficulties one by one in the process of study through assiduous study.

The following points should be kept in mind when using this method of memory:

First, the connection between proverbs and principles must be natural, and you must not create proverbs and make do with them.

Second, attention should be paid to the accuracy of the principles explained in the proverbs, and they must not be mixed indiscriminately, otherwise the fallacies will spread.

Third, proverbs should be familiar, so as to facilitate their own memory.

For example, "no wind, no waves", "a fire at the gate of the city will bring disaster to the fish in the pond"... It shows that things are interconnected, which is the connection point of view of materialist dialectics.

For example, "The green hills outside the mountains, the buildings outside the buildings, the road ahead is endless", "Carving a boat to seek a sword", etc. These all show that things are in constant motion and development. Movement is absolute, and stillness is relative. This is materialist dialectics. development point of view.

2. Question and answer method

The method of asking questions by oneself as a teacher and answering the questions by oneself as a student is called "self-questioning and self-answering".

In the learning process, you can use the "self-asking and self-answering method" for some of the most basic questions.For example:
Q: What are the two basic attributes of a commodity?
Answer: It is use value and value.

Q: What is the nature of money?What are its two basic functions?
Answer: The essence of money is a general equivalent.The measure of value and means of circulation are its two basic functions.

The self-questioning and self-answering method can be used not only in the study of basic concepts and principles, but also in the study of some more complex knowledge, and the effect is also very good.

Complicated learning content will be clear and easy to remember and understand after self-questioning and self-answering.Therefore, the "self-question and self-answer method" is a more commonly used ideal memory method.

3. Inference

In the learning process, the method of repeatedly learning a certain problem to achieve the purpose of memory is called the method of inference.

The memory method of "drawing inferences from one instance" does not mean simply repeating the same problem two to four times, but refers to repeatedly studying, practicing, and discussing the same type of problem from different angles, so that we can firmly grasp the knowledge and thinking. It is also more open, so that you can learn live, learn well, and remember firmly.

For example, in the understanding of the concept of commodity, we use "inferences about other cases from one instance" to truly grasp that any commodity is a product of labor, but only the product of labor used for exchange is a commodity; Labor, such as 1 piece of clothing can be exchanged for 3 catties of rice, is because their values ​​are equal.The reason why different commodities can be exchanged is because they all have value, and valuable items must have use value... By doing this repeatedly from various angles, you can firmly grasp the basic concept of commodities and some factors related to them, Let us really gain knowledge and absorb the essence.

4. Clarify the Hierarchy

We must be good at analyzing the basic concepts and principles we have learned, and find out the main meaning of each level, so that we can memorize them easily.

For example, when we learn the basic concept of "law", it is more scientific to use the "straightening method".We can break this concept down into several parts:

(1) It reflects the will of the ruling class and safeguards the fundamental interests of the ruling class (the law does not safeguard the interests of the ruled class); (2) It is formulated or recognized by the state (without this point, it cannot be called a law) ; (3) Special rules of conduct using state coercion (the state guarantees implementation through courts, prisons, and the army).Using this method of clarifying the level is not only easy to memorize the concept, but also not easy to forget.

5. Regular memory method

This kind of learning method is to ask us to pay attention to find the laws of things in the process of learning, so as to help us remember.In memorizing the basic principles, this learning method can be described as the best method.

For example, we can memorize according to the law of the unity of opposites: internal and external causes, principal and secondary contradictions, principal and secondary aspects of contradictions, particularity and universality of contradictions, quantitative and qualitative changes, new things and old things, etc. transform into each other under certain conditions.

The "regular memory method" can memorize the most knowledge in the least time.

In the study of politics class, if you can integrate the several learning methods introduced above and use them alternately, it will undoubtedly have positive significance for improving the learning effect.

(End of this chapter)