100 Historical Stories That Unlock Teenage Wisdom

Chapter 93 10 "The Mahatma"'s "Nonviolent Non-Cooperation Movement"

Chapter 910 "Mahatma"'s "Non-violent Non-Cooperation Movement"—Competition must learn to "take advantage of loopholes"

In order to minimize your own losses in the competition, you should look at the loopholes of your opponents and get in.

Mohandas?Karmchand?Gandhi was called "Mahatma" by the Indian people.He came from an ancient family in India.In India, a society with strict hierarchy and clear caste boundaries, his superior background gave him the opportunity to receive higher education in the colonial suzerain country, Britain.Rich social experience coupled with serious thinking enabled Gandhi to recognize the humiliating reality of India as a British colony and the inequality in society.He was determined to change this situation, so when he was studying in England and living abroad in South Africa, another British colony, he began to fight against colonialism and racial discrimination.In South Africa, extraordinary wisdom, superhuman courage and strong will made Gandhi not only an excellent lawyer, but also a leader of the Indian diaspora in their fight against racial discrimination.Therefore, when he returned to India, he became the leader of the National Congress Party (National Congress for short) and became the leader of the National Independence Movement.

Back in India, he shaved his head, went bare-chested, and always carried a wooden spinning machine with him, spinning whenever he could.Indian people respect him very much and call him "Mahatma".

India is a country with a long religious tradition. Regardless of ancient Buddhism or later Hinduism and other religions, the complicated teachings clearly tell people that they oppose any violence and advocate to resolve all disputes in a tolerant and peaceful manner.The vast majority of people in India believe in Hinduism. Gandhi created a unique way of fighting for the independence and liberation of the Indian nation based on this religious feature, combined with the reality that India was a colony and the British colonists had powerful tools of violence, which was "non-violence without violence". Cooperative Movement". The "Non-violent Non-Cooperation Movement" consisted of two parts: "Non-violent Resistance" and the attitude of "non-cooperation" with the British colonists.The specific contents include: resign from the public office and titles conferred by the British; do not participate in any assembly of the colonial government; do not accept British education, and replace the public schools of the British rulers with schools set up by Indians themselves; do not buy British goods, do not wear British clothing , Spin and weave cloth by yourself; do not buy British government bonds, do not deposit in British banks, etc.

The "Non-violent Non-Cooperation Movement" began around 1920 and reached its climax in the "March of Salt" in 1930.In this year, the colonial authorities formulated and promulgated the Salt Monopoly Law, which monopolized the production of salt and raised the salt tax and price, which aroused strong dissatisfaction among the people.Gandhi called on the people of India to cook salt with seawater and make their own salt, in order to resist the government's salt monopoly law.At this time, Gandhi, who was in his early 60s, took the lead and led a group of people from the city of Ahmedabad in northern India to walk to the southern seaside to boil salt.Along the way, he was exposed to the sun and wind, and bit by mosquitoes and insects, but Gandhi didn't mind. He publicized and delivered speeches to the masses along the way.After 24 days of hiking, his team had thousands of people when he reached the beach.

At the seaside, Gandhi and his followers first prayed at the seaside every morning, and then called in seawater for cooking, fractionation, filtration, and sedimentation.This kind of labor was very hard, and it was even more difficult for Gandhi, who was sick and old due to many hunger strikes.But he participated in labor from beginning to end until he was arrested and imprisoned, a total of three weeks persisted.

It turned out that Indian newspapers had widely reported on Gandhi's "salt march".All coastal areas responded to Gandhi's call and made their own salt.At the same time, struggles, strikes, and school strikes against the British colonial rulers were launched all over the country, and waves of demonstrations and petitions continued.Terrified, the colonial authorities arrested Gandhi and other Congress leaders and ordered the Congress party to be banned.

When the news of Gandhi's arrest spread, it was like adding water to a frying pan, and the whole country immediately boiled.Tens of thousands of volunteers demanded to be jailed with Gandhi.The colonial authorities took countermeasures and arrested more than 6 people, further angering the people.Soon, armed uprisings broke out in many places, and some even declared independence and established autonomous regimes.India's national independence movement is deviating from the track of "non-violence" and heading towards the road of violence.

Terrified, the colonial authorities recalled Gandhi's "non-violence" advocacy and hastily changed tactics. In January 1931, the colonial authorities released Gandhi and revoked the ban on the Congress party.Subsequently, they reached an agreement with Gandhi: Gandhi changed his non-cooperative attitude and stopped the non-cooperation movement, while the authorities released political prisoners and allowed the coastal people to cook salt.This is the Gandhi-Irwin Agreement.

As soon as the "Gandhi-Irvine Agreement" was signed, many people gave up the violent struggle, and those who persisted in the struggle were ruthlessly suppressed.Gandhi himself did not want to see violence and bloodshed, and insisted on fighting in a "non-violent" form, so he signed this agreement.But this is far from the goal of Indian independence that he fought for.Therefore, in the future, he launched several "non-cooperation movements" and continued to fight for Indian independence.He was arrested and imprisoned many times, and he went on hunger strike many times to pray.With the efforts of him and some other ethnographers, the Indian independence movement struggled forward.

While fighting for the independence and liberation of India, Gandhi was also active in eradicating the caste system and the conflict between Hinduism and Islam.He traveled around the country, gave speeches everywhere, and often went on hunger strike for this purpose.The emaciated, weary but resolute old man could often be seen risking his life to mediate disputes between the two sects.

In June 1947, Britain completely lost its global dominance in the Second World War and was unable to continue to rule India, where the independence movement was rising. It was forced to agree to the independence of this colony, but divided it into two countries: Hindu as the Lord's India and Islam-dominated Pakistan.After a long struggle, the people of India finally gained their independence.At the Indian Constituent Assembly, Gandhi was called "the guide and philosopher of the past 6 years, the beacon of freedom in India".

On January 1948, 1, Gandhi was shot by an extremist during an event to mediate sectarian disputes and died of serious injuries. "Mahatma" will forever live in the hearts of the Indian people.

Wisdom Interpretation:

Under the premise of asymmetric strength with competitors, exploiting loopholes is an effective method.Gandhi and others fought for the legal way of "non-violent non-cooperation" in the struggle with the colonists. The colonists imposed restrictions and triggered violent protests, so they could only adopt a tolerant attitude towards "non-violent non-cooperation".This gives us an idea: take advantage of the opponent's loopholes in the competition, make it a dilemma, and gain development from it.

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