China knows everything for 5000 years

Chapter 49

The emperor teacher was not only respected by Emperor Yuan, but also had certain obligations and responsibilities to Emperor Yuan.Emperor Shi was a senior official in the central government of the Yuan Dynasty.As the highest person in charge of the Xuanzhengyuan, the emperor is responsible for recommending the "second" Xuanzhengyuan to the emperor?Officials at and below levels.Senior officials in the three Xuanweishi Sidu Marshal's Mansions established in the Tibetan areas of the country, such as Xuanweidu Marshal, Marshal, Wanhu, etc., must be nominated by the emperor's teacher or the Xuanzheng Yuan, and then appointed by the emperor.In the Yuan Dynasty, Sakya Benqin ruled over 13 households in U-Tsang, and the appointment and dismissal of Benqin should also be based on the nomination of the emperor.In addition, as the emperor's teacher in Buddhism, the emperor's teacher is responsible for imparting Buddhism and precepts to the emperor, holding initiation ceremonies for the emperor, and conferring precepts on royal family members such as concubines and princes.The emperor commanded the monks and nuns in the world, and was in charge of Buddhist affairs throughout the country. They had to preside over Buddhist affairs and promote Buddhism in accordance with the emperor's will, pray for the longevity of the reigning emperor, pray for the late emperor's blessings, and pray for the prosperity of the country and the people's safety and good weather.Because the emperor's teacher undertakes such a heavy responsibility, it is indispensable.Whenever the emperor's teacher temporarily leaves the capital for some reason, the emperor will appoint another person to take up this position.For example, in 1276 A.D., Phagsipa returned to Tibet according to the order, and Kublai Khan appointed his younger brother Rinchen Gyaltsan as the emperor's teacher.Nangaba Zangbu, the last emperor of Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty, returned to the Ming Dynasty as a senior Tibetan official of the Yuan Dynasty in 1372 AD, and was named the national teacher of Chisheng Buddha Treasure in 1372 AD.He recommended more than a hundred people to Hongwu Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, all of whom were officials of the Yuan Dynasty.In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the post of emperor teacher was abolished.

●The death of Prince Yuan Zhenjin
In 1283 AD, Kublai Khan canonized Nanbi, who was many years younger than him, as queen.An old man and a young wife, Kublai Khan gradually felt a little physically exhausted, so he relied on the queen to intervene in the government, which caused dissatisfaction among many ministers.A desperate minister even wrote to Kublai Khan, hoping that he would abdicate and give up the throne to Prince Zhenjin.Although Yuxi Tiemu'er and Zhongshuyou Prime Minister Antong discussed to suppress the memorial, Yuxi Tiemu'er and Zhongshuyou Prime Minister An Tong discussed the matter, but Kublai Khan finally knew about it.Kublai Khan was furious when he heard this, and immediately dismissed the minister for investigation, but he did not make things difficult for An Tong and Yu Xi.

Back in the harem, Kublai Khan thought for a long time and ordered the prince to be called into the palace.Prince Zhenjin knew a long time ago that someone wrote a letter asking his father to give him the Zen throne.He studied Confucianism since he was a child and was very loyal to the emperor. He never thought of wrongdoing. As soon as he heard about this, he was already burdened with a heavy psychological burden, and later he fell ill from fright.At this time, his father called him into the palace, and he knew that "it was a blessing, not a disaster, and a disaster cannot be avoided", so he entered the palace tremblingly, as if walking on thin ice.

Seeing this outstanding talent in front of him, his beloved son who followed him to fight in the north and south, Kublai Khan didn't know whether it was impulsive or out of sincerity, he said to Zhen Jin: "Zhen Jin, my father is old and has some physical strength. From now on, I will surrender the throne to you, how about it?" When Zhen Jin heard this, his legs softened, and he knelt in front of Kublai Khan, and said in a trembling voice: "I dare not think anything wrong." "Hey!" Suddenly Before he could finish speaking, Billie interjected, "How can this be considered unreasonable? Sooner or later, this person will not belong to you? Can I still take it into the coffin?" "I have never thought about it like this I beg your father to be merciful, and you can abolish the crown prince?" After hearing Kublai Khan's words, Zhenjin became even more shocked, and asked Kublai Khan to abolish his title of prince without hesitation.Seeing him like this for a long time, Kublai Khan sighed, shook his head and said, "Go."

When Zhen Jin returned home, what did he think, how did he feel that his father meant to let himself die.Zhen Jin had this idea, coupled with the fact that his heart disease worsened and he could not be cured for a long time, and finally he really died.Immediately afterwards, An Tong, the right prime minister, also died.Kublai Khan lost his beloved son, and without a right-hand man like An Tong by his side, he was very depressed. In addition, he was already 7s years old, and his health was deteriorating.

●Kublai Khan's suppression of the rebellion is Yan
Naiyan was the great-great-great-grandson of Temujin’s youngest brother, Temuge Wo Chijin. His fiefdoms were today’s Daxing’an Mountains and the Nen River and Songhua River valleys, accounting for about half of the lands of the eastern kings, and had a decisive influence.In order to strengthen the central government's control over the Northeast, in 1286 AD, Kublai Khan changed the Xuanwei Division of Liaodong Road in Shanbei to Tokyo Province, which caused uneasiness among the kings of the host country.Therefore, Naiyan took the initiative to contact Haidu, the rebel king in the northwest, and Haidu agreed to help.

At the beginning of 1287 A.D., Kublai Khan sensed the signs of Naiyan's rebellion, ordered to dispatch troops to the northeast, appointed Prime Minister Boyan to guard Helin, and cut off the connection between the kings of the East and West.In February, the kings Cheri Timur were appointed to control the Northeast armies and prepare for counter-insurgency.In April, Naiyan launched a rebellion, and the kings Naya and others prepared to respond.Kublai Khan was very worried.The bodyguard Asha did not take the initiative to persuade the kings not to rebel, and was approved by Kublai Khan.Asha did not spend any money to go north to meet Na Ya, and lied to him, saying: "The kings are ready to respond to Naiyan, and now Naiyan has sent envoys to surrender to the court. If the king joins forces, he will definitely become the chief culprit in confronting the emperor alone. Instead of this, why not?" Your Majesty, please go to see the Emperor in person to show your heart." Na Ya listened to Asha's words and did not participate in the rebellion, which greatly weakened Nai Yan's power.

After alienating the alliance headed by Naiyan, Kublai Khan decided to conquer himself.On the third day of June, Kublai Khan led his army to Sardulu (in present-day Inner Mongolia).The Naiyan tribe led the tower without belts, and Jinfengnu led 6 troops to attack, directly approaching Kublai Khan's tent.Si Nongqing Tie Ge said: "The enemy is outnumbered, we should retreat with suspicion." So Kublai ordered someone to open the umbrella cover and other furnishings, and sat on the bed to drink.Seeing that Kublai Khan was so calm, Tabudai thought that there must be a large army behind him, so he stood still and set up camp.That night, Li Ting, the general of the Han army in the Yuan army, volunteered to lead thousands of strong men to attack the enemy camp at night with artillery.The rebels were terrified and withdrew at dawn.Yuan general Bo Luohuan led his troops to pursue him and entered the Haci River (in present-day Inner Mongolia).Naiyan sent Hadan (Tiemuzhen's younger brother and Chiwen's grandson) to attack with ten thousand cavalry, but was repelled by Yuwa's lost Yuan Asu army.The Yuan army went straight to Botaha, the ancient capital of Buri (in present-day Inner Mongolia).On the 10th of the same month, Kublai Khan personally led the army to Shiliemenlin (also known as Huanghe, now Xiliaohe), and met the main force of Naiyan.Naiyan's army claims to be [-], and they use vehicle sanitation as their battalion.The Yuan army combined infantry and cavalry to attack the enemy.After half a day of fierce fighting, the rebels were defeated and Naiyan was captured alive.Kublai Khan ordered Naiyan to be executed, to imitate you with pride.

After Naiyan was executed, some rebel kings still refused to surrender. In July of the same year, Naiyan's accomplice Shidu'er attacked Xianping (now north of Kaiyuan, Liaoning).Kublai Khan ordered the Liaodong Xuanwei envoy to go out to assist the prince Ai Yachi in suppressing the rebellion.The Yuan army successively fought fierce battles with the rebels in Jianzhou, Liaoshui and other places.The tower was hit by arrows twice, still commanding the battle with injuries, and killed the rebel general Tie Guai in the melee.The rebels fled, and the Yuan army chased them all the way to Jinshan (in present-day Inner Mongolia).Kublai Khan saw that the Northeast war situation had been decided, so he left his minister Yuxi Timur to assist the emperor's grandson Tiemu'er to wipe out the remaining rebels, and he returned to the court in August.The remnants of the rebels are dominated by Hardan's capital.In October, the Yuan army defeated Hadan in Mugubuci (in today's Heilongjiang), greatly hurting his vitality.At the same time, Liaoyang Province was rebuilt to strengthen the governance of the Northeast.In 1292 AD, the Yuan army killed Hadan's son on the banks of the Yalu River, and soon after, Hadan committed suicide.So far, the rebellion in the Northeast has also been quelled.

●Yuan Renzong respected Confucianism and reformed
At the beginning of Yuan Wuzong Haishan's accession to the throne, he named his mother and younger brother Aiyu Libali Bada as the "Crown Prince", thus confirming his status as Crown Prince.At the beginning of 1311 AD, Haishan, who was only 31 years old, died in Yude Hall.Aiyu Liba Libada took charge of the government as a supervisor of the country logically, waiting for his ascension to the throne.Aiyu Liba Libada hated the abuse of officials long ago, and advocated "governing the world" with Confucianism, "vibrating disciplines, and emphasizing famous instruments". Before he ascended the throne of the emperor, he began his pro-government activities.On the charge of "disturbing the old chapters and poisoning the people", he first eradicated the main forces of the "stupid country and disorderly government" in Shangshu Province of the Wu Zong Dynasty, and formed his own administrative team to clean up the measures and institutions messed up by the Wu Zong Dynasty.Ai Yuli?After Bali Bada completed this series of steps, he officially became the emperor in March of the same year, and was named Yuan Renzong.After Renzong came to the throne, he worked hard to change the chaotic situation during Wuzong's administration.He himself is also proficient in Confucianism. During his administration, he vigorously promoted the imperial examination, and appointed wise people from the Confucian school as the ministers of the court, which is very Confucian.His practice of respecting Confucianism was highly praised by Confucian officials and later historians, so "Yuan History" praised him: "He governs diligently, and he follows the ancestors' sincere constitution."

●The Change of Southern Slope and the Death of Yingzong
Yuan Renzong Aiyu Li Bada was an emperor who actively promoted the "Han law", but his mother was a woman who agreed with the old law.She colluded with his cronies Timudie'er, Shi Liemen and others, always trying to influence Renzong's policy.But Renzong was already full-fledged, and he had many trusted ministers around him. He said that he had nothing to do with him, so he tried to control the crown prince.

Originally, He Shiyu, the son of Yuan Wuzong Haishan, should be established as the crown prince.Acknowledging that He Shiyu had grown up, he was afraid that he would not be able to control it in the future. Renzong's son Shuode Baci was only 13 years old and had a weak personality.Renzong disagreed at first, unwilling to break the vow he made with his brother.Tiemu Dier was very good at deceiving people. He said to Renzong: "You gave the throne to Haishan after you won it, and now you pass it on to your son. This is a justifiable thing. Who can object?" He ordered Shuode Baci to be the prince, and He Shiyu was made the king of Zhou, and he was sent to Yunnan.

Renzong died in 1320 AD, and the 17-year-old Shuode Baci succeeded to the throne, who was Yuan Yingzong.Immediately after Renzong's death, Daji appointed Tiemu Dier as the right prime minister, killed and dismissed Renzong's trusted ministers, so that the little emperor would be obedient.But Yingzong has learned a lot of Han culture over the years, and he really wants to implement Han law to govern the country, but he is not willing to listen to his grandmother.Once, one of Tiemu Dier's cronies committed a crime, and Tiemu Dier asked himself to intercede, but Yingzong said: "The punishment is set by the ancestors, so how can it be changed at will!" If he is obedient, he regrets not letting him be the emperor.A few months later, Da's confidant Shi Liemen and Pingzhang's political affairs black donkey conspired to launch a coup d'etat to overthrow Yingzong.But this secret was known to Yingzong, and he quickly sent someone to arrest Shiliemen and Heilumen. Only then did he realize that all this was instigated by himself. Yingzong didn't want to pursue it, but executed Shiliemen and others. .

Yingzong saw that his position was very dangerous, so he appointed An Tong's grandson to be the prime minister of the left, and supported him in charge of major affairs in the court, making Tiemu Dier a prime minister of the right who didn't care about anything.Just when the conflict between the two sides was further developed, in the autumn of 1322 AD, both Tiemu Dier and Daji died successively.At this time, Yingzong was not merciful, and issued an edict to investigate Tiemu Dier's crimes, executed his son Baliji and others, dismissed his other son from Suonan, and confiscated all his property.But Baizhu and others did not execute Tie Shi, he was an officer in charge of the imperial guards and the adopted son of Tiemu Dier.Tie Shi wanted to find an opportunity to kill Yingzong to avenge his adoptive father.As early as the summer of 1322 A.D., Yingzong was escaping the summer heat in Shangdu, when he suddenly felt restless and wanted to do Buddhist work.Baizhu said: "Now the country has insufficient money, so let's not do it." Those lamas who were bought by Tie Shou kept encouraging Yingzong to do it, and even persuaded Yingzong to implement an amnesty.Baizhu was very angry when he heard this, and said: "You only want to make money, but you are not satisfied, and you also want to shield criminals!" After hearing this, Tie Shi and his cronies thought that Baizhu would also pursue their crimes, so they decided to launch a coup d'etat.

On the fifth day of August of this year, Yingzong returned to Dadu from the upper capital, and stopped when he traveled to the south slope.That night, Tie Shi arranged for his cronies to stand guard, and he, Suonan and other 16 people broke into the big tent of Yingzong and Baizhu.Bai Zhu heard movement outside, so he came out to see what was going on.Seeing that Tie Shi and the others were all holding shining big knives, Bai Zhu shouted, "Bold! What do you want to do?" Before he could finish his words, Bai Zhu was killed by Tie Shi's brother.At this moment, Yingzong heard the shout of worship, and was about to put on his clothes and get out of bed, when Tie Shi rushed in and hacked Yingzong to death.This is the famous "South Slope Change" in history.

Tie Shi and others killed Baizhu and Yingzong, and then supported Tie Mu'er, the grandson of Kublai Khan's crown prince Zhenjin, as emperor.Yesun Tiemu'er saw that Tie had lost his hand, so he didn't say anything. When he became emperor, he was Emperor Yuantai Ding.

●The conflict between the three emperors and the chaos in the world
After the Nanpo Incident, the kings of the Yuan Dynasty welcomed Timur, the grandson of Kublai Khan's prince Zhenjin, as emperor, that is, Emperor Yuantai Ding.Emperor Taiding's former prime minister's son Da'er Mashili was the commander of Zongrenwei's pro-army, and Cheriha was the commander of the left and right guards and Asu's pro-army, and recalled all the kings who had migrated.Then, the Babahan clan was established as the queen, the prince Asjiba was made the crown prince, and Tutiemuer, the second son of Wuzong, was named King Huai.In the following year, King Huai was ordered to live in Jiankang (now Nanjing), and he sent envoys to the north of Zhou Wang and Shiji to seek reconciliation.At the end of the year, He Shizhen sent envoys to pay tribute, and the relationship was restored.

In the spring of 1328 AD, Emperor Taiding fell ill while hunting.At this time, Yan Tiemu'er, the former minister of Wuzong and the privy council officer who held military power, and the kings Mandu conspired a coup d'etat to support Wuzong's descendants.In order to prevent Wu Zong's family from regaining the throne, Dacisha and others moved King Huai from Jiankang to Jiangling.On March 25, Emperor Taiding went to Shangdu from Dadu, with Tangcisha, Mandu and other retinues.Yan Tiemu'er followed Xi'an King Artena and stayed behind in the capital.On the tenth day of the seventh month, Emperor Taiding died in Shangdu.Barb Sha, Liang Wang Wang Chan, Liao Wang Tuotuo and others were in power.Yan Tiemu'er and Athena Shili secretly summoned warriors in Dadu to prepare for a coup d'état.

At dawn on the fourth day of August, all officials gathered in Xingsheng Palace.Yan Tiemu'er led 17 people including Aci Tiemu'er and Suo Lunchi with weapons in their hands, and shouted that the son of Wuzong should be made emperor, and those who did not follow him would be executed.Zhongshu Pingzhang Wubo Duci, Boyan Chaer and others were detained on the spot.Then, he occupied the inner court, sealed up the warehouse, confiscated the seal, and summoned hundreds of officials to enter the court to obey orders.Appointment of former Prime Minister Zuo Biebuhua of Huguang Province as Prime Minister Zuo of Zhongshu, Prince Zhan Shita Shi Haiya as Prime Minister of Zhongshu Pingzhang, former Youcheng of Huguang Province as Zuo Cheng of Zhongshu, former Prince of Shaanxi Province participating in politics Lianjitai was the Deputy Envoy of the Privy Council, and together with Zhao Shiyan, the Prime Minister of Zhongshu, Yan Tiemu'er, a member of the Privy Council of Tongjin, Chengzhi Yiliechi, a scholar of the Hanlin Academy, and the envoy of the Tongzhengyuan, assigned troops to guard the capital and nearby gates.On the same day, Yan Tiemu'er dispatched Dong A, a former Henan Provincial Political Consultant, and Dali Ma Shili, a former Xuanzheng Envoy, to Jiangling to welcome King Huai to Beijing, and secretly ordered Boyan Pingzhang of Henan Province to send troops to escort him.On the fifth day of August, the sergeants of the Suwei capital were issued banknotes and began to deploy defenses in Juyongguan, Luerling, Baimadian, Taiheling, Qianmin Town and other places.On the seventh day of the eighth month, the envoy Sari Buhua waited south to welcome King Huai, and at the same time announced that King Huai had arrived in the suburbs of Beijing to reassure the people.On the ninth day of August, Mingli Dong A arrived at Bianliang (now Kaifeng) and told Boyan about the situation in the capital.Boyan was also a former minister of Wu Zong, and immediately expressed his full support.He detained officials who were opposed, dispatched troops, collected food and grass, sent 5000 warriors to meet King Huai first, and then led the army to meet him.In a few days, Mingli Dong A and others arrived in Jiangling, and set off for Beijing with King Huai Tutiemuer.On August 22th, because Shaanxi officials opposed the coup, King Huai ordered Boyan soldiers to station Zhaguan.The next day, the kings Tuman and others in Shangdu attempted to respond to the coup d'etat in Dadu, and were killed after the incident.On August [-], the commander of Ajianwei in Shangdu led his troops to defect to Dadu, and Yan Tiemuer ordered him to guard the north entrance.The next day, the kings and ruling ministers of Shangdu divided their forces to attack Dadu, and the two ruling groups finally met each other.

On the first day of the ninth lunar month, Daci Shazai established Crown Prince Asojiba as emperor in Shangdu and changed Yuan Tianshun.On September [-]th, at the repeated request of Yan Tiemu'er and others, Tutiemu'er ascended the throne in Dadu as Wenzong.When Wen Zong ascended the throne, he stated that he had only ascended the throne to calm the hearts of the people and the army, and he would abdicate immediately as soon as King Zhou arrived in Beijing.Subsequently, the Shangdu faction and the Dadu faction launched a fierce battle.

On October [-]th, Yuelu Timur, King of Qi, and Buhua Timur, Marshal of East Mongolia, led troops to besiege Shangdu.Barb Sha and others came out with the emperor's seal, Liang Wang Wangchan fled, Liao Wang Tuotuo was killed, and Emperor Tianshun didn't know where he ended up.The Shangdu faction has no leader, and the troops on all roads are at the end of their strength.Wenzong and Yan Tiemu'er sent envoys to the north to welcome King Zhou while defeating the Shangdu army.So King Zhou and Shi Mo returned from the north to the south.

At the beginning of 1329 AD, Sadi and others were ordered by Wenzong to persuade them to enter.On the 28th day of the first lunar month, He Shizhen ascended the throne of Hening to the north, and became Mingzong.On the fourth day of March, Yan Tiemu'er, the right prime minister of the Wenzong sect, carried the royal seal to the Mingzong palace.Soon, Yan Tiemu'er arrived at Mingzong's palace.Emperor Mingzong issued an edict that all the officials and titles conferred by Dadu will remain the same.On March [-]th, Pingzhang Nangjiatai in Sichuan Province surrendered in rebellion, and the remnants of the original Shangdu faction were all wiped out.Immediately afterwards, Mingzong sent Chechedu and others to Dadu as envoys, and made Wenzong the crown prince.After Chechedu and others arrived in the capital, Tutemur accepted the crown prince and set off to meet Mingzong in the north the next month.On the first day of August, Tutiemuer arrived at Wang Huchadu, where Mingzong's palace is located, and Mingzong gave a big banquet to the prince, kings and ministers.On the sixth day of August, Emperor Mingzong was poisoned to death by Yan Tiemu'er.Yan Tiemu'er returned to Shangdu by the crown prince, so that Wenzong Tutiemu'er ascended the throne again.So far, the dispute between the three emperors has come to an end.

The dispute between the three emperors fully demonstrated the intensity of the struggle of the nobles within the Yuan ruling group for imperial power, which can be seen from the social turmoil in the Yuan Dynasty.

●Three History of Yuan Xiu, Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, ordered to revise the three histories of "Song", "Liao" and "Jin".However, for a long time, history revision has remained at the stage of discussion.The focus of discussion is who is orthodox in the Song, Liao, and Jin dynasties.Some people advocate that the Song Dynasty should be orthodox, established as the emperor's record, and Liao and Jin should be used as stolen records, and should be recorded by people;The Han people advocated that the Song Dynasty was orthodox, and the Mongols started to Mobei, which is of course unacceptable.In this way, the editing work of the Three Histories was delayed.

(End of this chapter)