Back to the end of Ming Dynasty to be a warlord

Chapter 493 Education Newton's Educational System

The imperial examination is to select talents for political reform. It can be said that it is the core of political reform. After all, government affairs still need people to govern. Let the right people do the right thing.

But political reform is only the first step, and only after the first step is completed can subsequent reforms be implemented smoothly.

For example, the first step of economic reform, this time the economic reform is different from the last time, the last time it was currency paper money, tax adjustment, etc., but this time it is to start a deep-seated innovation to stimulate production motivation.

The specific content is to completely abolish the various unreasonable economic systems of the Ming Dynasty. For example, the largest manufacturing industry in the Ming Dynasty is all in the hands of the government. The representative of the shipbuilding industry is government-run places like the Longjiang Shipyard. There are such places, even now the government has opened a large number of government-run shipyards in Longjiangguan, Qingjiangpu and other places, mainly for building tank ships, which are managed by the Water Department of the Ministry of Industry.

Longjiang Shipyard Yang Chao was sold to Yao Jiangtou the year before last. After more than a year of operation, Yao Jiangtou has repaid Yang Chao's loan. Now Longjiang Shipyard can provide Yang Chao with ten large ships every year, and can also build There are thousands of large and small tank ships with an annual profit of more than 10 taels, most of which are provided by Yang Chao's warships.

Yao Jiangtou has now begun to restore the Treasure Shipyard, and plans to double its output and scale. Not only will it be able to build a large number of ships, but it will also employ more than 3 carpenters, almost double the current [-].

Of course, Longjiang Shipyard is a special case, because it used to operate well. Although it is under official management, it has retained a large number of tools, and the most valuable are tens of thousands of experienced shipbuilders.

After being sold to Yao Jiangtou, he was also very competitive. Of course, it was a good time. The economy in the south of the Yangtze River became more and more stable, and the war destroyed a large number of ships. Therefore, the market for merchant ships was very large, and the economic stability and commercial prosperity also increased. Let more merchants participate in the transportation industry, planning to purchase merchant ships for transportation on the Yangtze River, or even ocean transportation.

But Yao Jiangtou is obviously a good role model. Yang Chao publicized his deeds through the newspapers. This person seems to be a star figure. I dare not say anything else, at least everyone in Nanjing City knows.

The free publicity also brought more orders to Yao Jiangtou, but this is definitely not Yang Chao's goal, otherwise Yang Chao would have to charge him for advertising fees. Yang Chao is using him as a benchmark, and his purpose is actually to hope that Tens of thousands of people like Yao Jiangtou appeared.

Yang Chao needs such a character, because Yang Chao plans to sell government property on a large scale.

Selling various inefficient official properties under the administration of officials and recovering a sum of income is one aspect, and activating the production of these industries is the most important thing.

The huge government property of the Ming Dynasty was no less than that of the state-owned enterprises in later generations. Almost all large-scale workshops were government-run. For example, the largest workshop in the textile industry was the Imperial Weaving Bureau, and the largest workshop in the porcelain industry was the official kiln factory of the imperial court. It is the large and small military bureaus, military bureaus, etc. from the central to the local.

First of all, starting from Nanjing, with the eight bureaus as the core, including the Bureau of Military Warfare, the Bureau of Silver Work, the Bureau of Washing Clothes, the Bureau of Scarves and Hats, the Bureau of Needlework, the Bureau of Inner Weaving and Dyeing, and the Bureau of Wine and Vinegar Noodles, the city of Nanjing, big and small, It is for the palace production workshop to recruit merchants to undertake, and the highest price will win.

But it didn't go well at the beginning, because no one dared to take over. These bureaus and workshops used to be produced for the royal family, and no one could guarantee that they would be profitable. Moreover, there was a deeper level of worry, because this was linked to the emperor, the businessman Some psychological shadows.

Yang Chao had no choice but to make a compromise and find an acquaintance to take over the contract. Of course, it may be settled in the future, but as long as he is not directly involved, it is fair and just. Those who do not seize the opportunity in the future will at most make sarcastic remarks.

The War Bureau had a good relationship with Yang's father, and Eunuch Li, who had helped the Yang family in the past, took over. Yang Chao allowed him to make various weapons for sale, and gave him a free work allowance.

The Banking Bureau handed it over to Gusu Bank, invited them to open a branch in Nanjing, and gave a lot of guarantees, such as never taking it back, etc., and even wrote a creed stamped with the seal of the Metropolitan Governor's Mansion.

The internal weaving and dyeing bureau was given to the largest textile workshop in Nanjing, the needlework bureau was handed over to an old embroiderer who worked for Jinchai Building, the towel and hat bureau persuaded the old tailor in the bureau to take over, and the wine and vinegar noodle bureau was sold to Jinchai Tower was managed by Kang Xiaobao, but the Huanyi Bureau couldn't find anyone to take over. After all, washing clothes for people didn't seem to have formed an industry yet, so it was given to an old woman in the Huanyi Bureau for free. He used to make mistakes in the palace The court lady, who was sent to the Huanyi Bureau to do hard work when she was a teenager, could do all kinds of work, and she became a female official of the Huanyi Bureau after a lifetime of hard work, with rich management experience.

Compared with these workshops, it is much easier to sell other industries. The easiest to find a buyer is the government-run brothel such as Nanshilou and Jiuyuan. Because the big shopkeeper of Jinchailou, Kang Xiaobao, has actively participated in it, and Jinchailou has also accumulated over the years. With a lot of money, there was no shortage of funds for the purchase. Kang Xiaobao spent 3 taels of silver to snatch the Nanshi building from several nobles.

Besides Nanjing, it will be promoted to other places. Suzhou and Songjiang are the second batch, Zhejiang and Jianghuai are the second batch. The Silk Weaving Bureau in Suzhou, the Cotton Textile Bureau in Songjiang, the Silk Weaving Bureau in Hangzhou, and the salt farms and shipyards in Jianghuai. In the sale, Yang Chao will sell all the official properties within a year, and then assign the redundant staff to other yamen, or let them resign.

By getting rid of these government-run industries, the government can go into battle lightly and stimulate the vitality of these industries.After all, as government-run workshops, these manual workshops are huge in scale, have experienced managers, and have the largest equipment. These workshops are most likely to develop into modern workshops. The troika supervision of officials, officials and eunuchs, corruption, and emptying and selling are not only inefficient, but also the quality cannot be guaranteed, and the price is very expensive. The cost of purchasing in the palace is often many times higher than that of purchasing in the private sector.

The second step is economic reform and education and training reform carried out simultaneously.

First of all, Yang Chao encouraged wealthy people in the countryside to run their own private schools and private schools, and hoped that they would recruit children from poor and lowly families. For such children, Yang Chao was willing to pay for their school repairs. , Yang Chao thinks it is not worth mentioning, 100 million taels of silver per year will allow him to reap 100 million literate generations in ten years, this deal is very worthwhile.

For these cooperating gentry families, Yang Chao will naturally give certain benefits, such as allowing them to use their own taxes to offset the funds for running schools, and for some poetry and book families, turning their own taxes into funds for running schools It is used for enlightenment, which is obviously more acceptable to them than directly handing it over to the government reluctantly. At least they can get the gratitude of those poor families who could not afford to read in the past.

Then Yang Chao will rebuild the county schools in each county. The reason for rebuilding is because a lot of educational content that the Ming Dynasty did not have in the past has been added. The first item is that the students of each county school must be over ten years old who have been enlightened. For children, the content of learning after they enter the county school will also be different.

In the county school, Yang Chao added mathematics, geometry, astronomy and other natural sciences that have been introduced to China. At the same time, he will also teach them some practical courses such as financial management, military art, law, agriculture, and engineering. The imperial examination can minimize the resistance of the rich to send students to the county school, and at the same time stimulate these students to work hard to learn new knowledge.

Of course, these people still have to serve at least one year of military service before taking the imperial examination. For the intellectual class, inspiring their courage is Yang Chao's minimum requirement, pushing a cowardly manager into the jungle of the jungle of the jungle of the jungle after the era of great navigation Among them, it is irresponsible to the nation.

The third step in educational reform is to establish a comprehensive Western-style university for the study of emerging natural sciences.

Yang Chao spared no effort in establishing a university, because he knew the meaning of it.

Newton was five years old at this time.

In 1643, the year before the fall of the Ming Dynasty, the character Newton was born, which seems to have some metaphorical meaning. Since then, the center of the world has gradually turned to the west, and the sun in the east has set.

But is Newton really a good character? There is no doubt that Newton's talent and hard work are necessary factors for his success, but an education system that cultivated Newton may be the inevitable reason for Newton's emergence.

It was after the Renaissance, by absorbing the natural science knowledge of ancient Greece, summarizing and developing it, that the modern natural science system was developed, which laid the foundation for the birth of Newton. On the basis of their ideas, they have summarized and developed their ideas, so that the West has a complete system of natural science.

Before Newton, natural science was considered to be in its infancy, but after Newton, Western natural science found its direction.

Therefore, Newton is a powerful person, but the education system and scientific system that cultivated him are the cornerstones.

Yang Chao couldn't wait to introduce this system, at least when Newton perfected the scientific system, the Chinese could accept it immediately, so that they would not slowly fall silent during the rapid development of science in the future.

But it is not easy to establish a university. Even if Yang Chao brings out all the knowledge he knows, it is not enough to establish a scientific system, because he has forgotten a lot of knowledge that he does not use, and the fundamental reason is that he himself has not been able to Master the complete natural sciences.

To be honest, a large part of the education system of later generations is nothing more than scientific general knowledge education. The real in-depth education will only appear after entering the university, and the frontier is contacted when you get a doctorate.

Therefore, Yang Chao has neither the conditions nor the energy to cultivate the seedlings of science and technology by himself. If it is not possible to forcibly elevate them, it will get twice the result with half the effort. It is better to copy the education system of Newton. Yang Chao believes that with the intelligence of the Chinese The level is not enough to understand.

Yang Chao's energy should be focused on the overall situation of the general. After all, he is a commander. As a commander, the most important thing to pay attention to is actually war, which is related to the security of the country and the nation.

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(End of this chapter)