I ask you to build tractors, but you build rockets?

The two "stars" of the Asia Star program don't know yet that the polar bears are preparing fragrant fish bait for them, but ESA has already willingly eaten the ADC's fish bait.

In Beijing, the chief engineers of the Space Administration and Xinyuan obtained the basic design drawings and launch routes of the ESA HVE rocket and discussed it in front of them.

The engineers sent by the European Space Agency (mainly Italy and China) listened humbly to the opinions of the East.

In terms of space technology, Europe can say that it has unique and excellent technology, but there is really nothing to brag about in terms of rockets.

In the past, Ariane 5 could still blow some, but was pinned to the ground and rubbed by Long March 10. Even if the latter had some problems with its first launch, it was not fatal. It was still a powerful giant rocket, not to mention Xinyuan. .

Androv looked at the basic drawings of the HVE rocket, then carefully evaluated the technical data on the 5.2-meter-diameter rocket body and EAP booster issued by ESA, and nodded slowly in the expectant eyes of ESA experts.

"There is no problem with the basic design of HVE, and the rocket body material is also very good."

But before ESA could be happy, Androv made another twist:

"But four solid thrusters are too expensive and the vibration is relatively large. It is better to change to two, connect more superchargers in series for the EAP, and increase the thrust of a single unit to 1,200 to 1,400 tons, which is the level of the space shuttle SRB. Are there any technical difficulties with this?”

After hearing this, the experts from ESA turned to Simon, an expert from CNES (China Space Agency), who was deeply involved in the development of the Ariane 5 rocket and is also the chief engineer of HVE.

Simon naturally understood EAP and quickly gave the answer:

"There is no problem. We may need to strengthen the combustion chamber, but there is enough time. We will be able to complete the manufacturing of the new EAP in 2017."

Androv: "Then I have nothing more to say. Has HVE really decided to develop its own engines for both the second and third stages?"

Simon: "The second- and third-stage engines only require slight improvements to the Vulcan 2, and we think it is very reliable."

On the space agency’s side, Yun Hongjun, chief engineer of the Long March 10, also gave his own opinion:

"Unlike SLS, although HVE is also a solid-liquid mixed propulsion, the core stage of HVE is a kerosene engine, and the thrust is very strong. If we want to consider both the separate launch of the core stage VV-1 (Veneto 1) and the formation of HVE, one The burning time of the stage needs to be compromised and the dead weight should be controlled within an appropriate range.”

The take-off mass of HVE is expected to be around 2,300 to 2,500 tons. It is a real giant rocket. ESA did not take the advice of others and listened to the opinions of the Aerospace Development Commission and others, and slightly modified part of the design.

Androv: "Now that the VV-1 project has been approved, 2 K400 and 16 YF100V engines are ready for shipment. These engines will be shipped in December. What do you think?"

Salur: "No, airlift, we can't wait for them to be in place, and can your engineers arrive soon? Your ADC is the fastest part of the entire Selene plan to complete, and one of VV's We plan to complete the rocket body design in 6 months and ask you to customize a reliable recovery system."

Androv: "If the maintenance and repairs comply with the procedures, we guarantee 20 trouble-free recycling times, and will provide corresponding compensation if problems occur."

Simon: "Thank you, please sign the contract as soon as possible. I can't wait to send HVE into space."

Androv: "Wait a minute, are you interested in buying space shuttle insulation tiles, the kind that can be reused five times?"

ESA expert: “…”

Simon looked at his counterpart, the ESA representative, who gritted his teeth and said:

"Customization...is there any charge?"

…

Huawei laboratory.

Yu Chendong picked up a black integrated SOC. The silk screen on it was SMIC, which is a chip manufactured and packaged by Huaxin International. The corner mark is 65H4, which means the fourth iteration of the 28nm process after multiple exposures of the 65nm lithography machine.

This is the first Kirin SOC to use Xianyuan EDA software, HiSilicon Kirin 959 processor.

After solving 97 key issues, under the leadership of the Science and Technology Commission, the national semiconductor industry began to charge towards the ternary system.

97 problems solved the problem of using immersion multiple exposure 65 and 45nm lithography machines to produce 28nm chips with an acceptable yield. At the same time, it supported the establishment of a good 28nm chip production line, and the cost was only about 5% to 7% higher than that of TSMC.

The development of a more professional new generation of 28nm lithography machines is being stepped up, and it is expected to complete the development and manufacturing of the new generation of lithography machines in early 2018.

At the same time, Ziguang, ZTE, Wuhan Institute of Digital Technology, Huake Loongson and other companies were engaged in related processor development work. After discussions, they brought in Huawei, which had already implemented equity reform, and became the first batch of private companies to develop ternary mobile phone processors. enterprise.

After learning that China actually had such a strong ternary technology reserve, Huawei immediately invested heavily in it and began to digest the ternary circuit design ideas and underlying architecture design provided by Xinyuan.

After discussion, a group of executives believed that the country would definitely work hard to promote ternary chips and ecology in the future, so they asked HiSilicon Labs to make ternary chips as soon as possible, and they also began to compile the X language system from the bottom.

The operating system is actually quite simple. During the summit, Yellow River Semiconductor stated that Xinyuan's XOS will be open to the outside world, rather than being closed like IOS, and hopes to unify the mobile and desktop systems by starting from scratch.

In other words, the popular mobile phone-computer systems in the future will be consistent and seamlessly switched. Taking advantage of the blank paper now to draw, Huanghe Semiconductor used this as a condition to require manufacturers to unify from now on, and the approval was relatively smooth.

Huawei found that although XOS is indeed very simple and has no software, the underlying architecture is not unexpectedly perfect as a new system. It can be used almost like Google's Android with an optimized interface. It is mainly about developing a software ecosystem.

As for the core device SOC, HiSilicon Kirin did not redesign it. In order to reduce design time, it moved the design of the Kirin 950 eight-core processor and then optimized and improved it based on the characteristics of the ternary circuit.

Kirin 950 has about 3 billion transistors inside. After being transformed into the ternary Kirin 959, the number of equivalent field effect transistors dropped to about 2 billion, but the overall performance increased by 15%, almost a generation difference, surpassing Qualcomm Snapdragon 820, the most powerful processor in the consumer market today.

Kirin 959 is naturally equipped with brand new ternary RAM and ROM. Although the use of diodes to simulate FETs will increase the space of a single basic component of the ternary chip, resulting in fewer basic components, the ternary representation There are more states, and it is much more efficient with the same ternary chip.

In ternary, 9 ternary bits are used as one byte, which is different from 8 bits in binary.

Therefore, a ternary byte can store 19683 states, instead of the 256 states of a binary byte, and the length is about 76 times longer than a binary byte!

This is enough to store commonly used Chinese characters as well as quite a few rare characters. After all, there are only 3,000 commonly used Chinese characters.

The units are also different:

Westerners prefer to divide by 1000, while binary computers stipulate that 1KB = 2^10 (i.e. 1024) B, and manufacturers use 1KB = 1000B. Therefore, in many cases, the 1GB claimed by storage manufacturers is only 931MB in the eyes of binary computers. This is why The reason why the 1000G hard drive you bought has only 931GB available space.

In ternary computers, Xinyuan stipulates that 1KB=1000B, 1MB=1000KB, and 1GB=1000MB.

If you simply convert according to the storage state, 1B (ternary) = 76.8867B (binary)

Of course, this is not possible in practice. According to regulations, one byte in ternary and one byte in binary can only hold one number or English letter (Chinese character). For most users, this is still the same number, but it can still be greatly improved. Reduce file size.

Especially for the Chinese Internet, it is still very advantageous. After all, two 8-bit bytes are needed to store the next Chinese character in binary, while one 9-bit byte in ternary is enough.

Huawei decided to directly name its next-generation flagship machine Mate10, equipped with Kirin 959 processor and 9+162G running memory and storage space. Chips from ZTE and Ziguang are also following closely behind. Yu Chen Dong wants to compete for this first place.

Sneak update!

ps: The author has never studied digital electronics and analog electronics. They are all data crawled by Zhihu and Baidu. Please let me know if you are an expert~