I Kidnapped An Alien Civilization

2021-07-07

Chapter 429 Quantum Tunneling

“Okay!”

“Since everyone has learned to reason. “

“Let’s start this meeting.” Li Mo opened the suitcase, took out a large stack of manuscripts, and pulled a blackboard from the side.

He turned around and drew a circle on the blackboard, pointed to the circle and said, “The sun!”

“Everyone knows that the biggest difficulty in controlled nuclear fusion is that nuclear fusion requires extremely high temperatures. , it is generally believed that sustainable nuclear fusion can be maintained by heating the deuterium-tritium plasma to 100 million degrees Celsius.”

“But none of the materials on our Earth can accommodate ions with temperatures as high as 100 million degrees Celsius. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, two solutions have emerged, one is inertial confinement, which uses inertia to confine extremely high temperature plasma, such as China’s dive light and the national ignition plan of M country; the other is magnetic confinement, which is Use magnetic force to constrain high-temperature plasma, such as tokamak, stellarator, etc.”

“But have you ever thought about a question, why the internal temperature of the sun is only 16 million degrees, which does not satisfy 1 The fusion conditions of 100 million degrees Celsius can produce continuous nuclear fusion?”

“Quantum tunneling!” Professor Sun of the high-energy physics theory research school took the lead in raising his hand: “The deuterium particles inside the sun and The quantum tunneling effect occurs between tritium particles, so sustainable nuclear fusion can occur at a temperature of 16 million degrees.”

Quantum tunneling effect is a kind of “counter-common sense” in quantum mechanics It is also the key mechanism for nuclear fusion of stars in the universe. It represents the quantum behavior of a microscopic particle capable of penetrating or traversing a potential barrier, although the height of the potential barrier is greater than the total energy of the particle.

In layman’s terms, deuterium particles and tritium particles need to be heated to 100 million degrees Celsius before their nuclei have enough energy to overcome the Coulomb potential barrier, so that the distance between the nucleus and the nucleus is less than 10nm, thus Nuclear fusion occurs.

When the temperature on the sun is only 16 million degrees Celsius, some nuclei will pass through the Coulomb potential barrier under the quantum tunneling effect, thereby promoting nuclear fusion.

It’s just that the probability of quantum tunneling effect is extremely low, so low that humans can’t imagine. It stands to reason that because the probability is too low, it is difficult for it to occur spontaneously on the sun. However, the sun has a characteristic, that is, it is big enough. Therefore, the number of particles that make up the sun is sufficient. Even if the probability is small, it can happen on the basis of the sun.

Like in human cognition, a person going through a wall is an impossible event!

Everything in this universe is made up of particles, people and walls are no exception. Then according to the quantum tunneling effect, it is possible for the human body to pass through the wall!

It’s just that the probability is too small and too small. If the probability of an atom passing through the wall is 1 in 1 million, then a person has about 10 atoms to the 27th power, that is, the human body. The probability that each atom of , just passes through the wall is: 0.0000001 (about 160 zeros after the decimal point), and the thicker the wall, the more zeros will exponentially increase!

This probability is roughly equivalent to From the formation of the universe to the present, a person hits five million once a day, and the probability of hitting the present! But as long as the probability is not zero, it must happen once.

“Hahaha!” Academician Zhou suddenly stood up and laughed loudly: “I thought it was something new?”

“It turns out to be the quantum tunneling effect.”

“It is undeniable that due to the existence of the quantum tunneling effect, the conditions required for sustainable nuclear fusion will be greatly reduced.”

“However, Scientist Li, have you overlooked a fact, that is probability!”

“The probability of quantum tunneling effect is too low. It is so low that it is unimaginable that it is only as low as the sun. It can only happen with the size of the sun.”

“Can you build a nuclear fusion generator the size of the sun?”

“No way!”

“So, the quantum tunneling effect is meaningless to our human controlled nuclear fusion project!”

The nine professors present also nodded in agreement. The odds are so low, outrageously low, that it’s a dead end.

Li Mo smiled slightly: “I can’t create the sun!”

“But I can increase the probability of quantum tunneling!”

Yes Two methods can increase the number of occurrences of a small probability event in reality. One is to increase the number of samples. When the number of samples is large enough, events with extremely small probability will inevitably occur. The other is to increase the probability of the event, and turn the small probability into a large probability, so that even if the number of samples remains the same, the event will inevitably occur.

As soon as these words came out, Academician Zhou with a lingering smile on his face poked on the spot like half a piece of wood.

Long time.

“hahahaha!” Came back to his senses, he laughed again and leaned back and forth, pointed at Li Mo and said, “Are you here to be funny?”

” hahaha raised the probability and started joking?”

“This is absolutely impossible!”

Speaking, Academician Zhou looked all around with his eyes, and saw that all the professors were frowned, with thoughts on their faces The look seems to be considering this probability.

What’s going on here?

Do you still need to consider such an anti-common sense idea?

The smile disappeared from his face again, and he asked timidly: “.. you are really thinking about this probability?”

“Old Zhou, sit down!”

“Listen to Professor Li!” frowned, academician Wang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, scolded. It seems that Academician Zhou has not given up on his past grudges, but he has not thought about it. The one who proposed this seemingly ridiculous idea is Who.

Aren’t Moxing batteries ridiculous? Isn’t Mo Xing ridiculous? Are quantum chips ridiculous?

Isn’t it all in the hands of this person, it has become a reality?

Hearing his colleagues’ reprimands, Academician Zhou realized his lost self-control and sat down with an embarrassed expression.

“Professor Li, Academician Zhou is too excited these days.”

“Please continue to talk about how to improve the probability of quantum tunneling.” Academician Wang smiled for his colleagues explain.

Li Mo gently nods, turns around, and writes three big characters shua shua on the blackboard—pure math!

“I built a complete mathematical model using pure mathematics, and by analyzing the interactions between particles in quantum states, I found a way to increase the probability of quantum tunneling.”

>

Pure math? The scientists who were doing it frowned involuntarily, and they also heard about this new branch of mathematics that has recently been hot in academia.

It is said that this mathematical theory abandons the traditional method of describing the world with physical methods or chemical methods, and tries to use pure mathematical equations and digital matrices to describe the essence of things.

For example, to describe an apple, physical methods can measure its size, weight, and volume. And chemical methods can describe its color, taste, and composition.

But an apple in pure mathematics is a complex three-dimensional matrix group, which completely represents the apple. The essence of the whole apple is a string of numbers.

In the same way, everything in the world is just a long string of numbers!

This “novel” world description method has swept the entire mathematical world since it was proposed by the one in front of me.

It’s just that in the eyes of high-energy physicists like them, mathematics is only for physics. Therefore, they only have a general understanding of “pure mathematics” without in-depth research.

“After studying the model, I have found the pure mathematical number of the probability of quantum tunneling effect!” Li Mo looked around the professors with deep eyes: “And found a way to change the probability of quantum tunneling effect. This string of numbers!”

(end of this chapter)