Mage Joan

·Historical materials: Jefferson escaped from the wild ("Jefferson" (U.S.) Joseph J. Ellis)

Another reason that made Jefferson's reputation in academia no longer was that Eric Metrick published a paper in 1970, commenting on the biography of Jefferson just published by Duma Malone and Meryl Peterson.

Metrick asked offensively whether the practice of admiring Jefferson and celebrating his great achievements should be delayed.

He asked: "Should we still consider that there are some characteristics in Jefferson's character that are not considered heroic behavior from any angle?"

This does not just refer to his (Jefferson) public support for slavery. As the governor of Virginia, he failed to organize the militia to carry out an effective struggle during the American Revolution. Instead, he abandoned Monticello and fled on horseback before the imposing British troops arrived. Is this a heroic act?

How did the American Embargo of 1807 fail?

Jefferson insisted that economic sanctions would rescue the United States from the war, completely disregarding various phenomena to show that the only effect of such sanctions was to destroy the US economy.

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·Historical data: Jefferson’s heart knot ("Jefferson" (U.S.) Joseph J. Ellis)

Jefferson served as governor of Virginia from 1779 to 1781, and the first thing happened during this two-year term.

At this time, Virginia is in a state of wartime emergency, and the economy, logistics, and politics are in chaos. In this case, even the most savvy and capable politicians will only be afraid. Jefferson himself liked a quiet study life, and it seemed too late for him to take on the heavy responsibility of governor.

Despite Jefferson's hard work, Virginia's economy was still in chaos, and the Continental Army was under-recruited in the state. Jefferson approved an expedition to Detroit by Virginia's most elite troops, but to no avail.

Soon, under the leadership of Benedict Arnold, the British army drove straight in from the Chesapeake Bay, swept through Virginia, and burned the capital of Richmond.

To make matters worse, General Cornwalli’s cavalry unit rushed to Charlottesville and almost caught Jefferson at Monticello.

The whole Virginia was talking about Jefferson's shameful behavior of running away on horseback at the last minute, which unfairly suggested that he was timid and cowardly, negligent in his duties, and put the whole state under the iron hoof of the British army.

The Virginia State Assembly even passed a resolution to investigate his behavior. Later, the investigation could not be resolved, and the final resolution formally pardoned all his misconduct.

Although the development of the war was beyond everyone's control, Jefferson could not shirk the blame as a leader. The stain of failure accompanied Jefferson's life. When he ran for president twice in 1796 and 1800, these things always fermented again.

Jefferson realized that his personality was sensitive and he could not adapt to the demanding requirements of leaders in times of crisis. As for the emotional impact of this experience, Jefferson confided to his friends: "This pain is bitter and hard to heal in a lifetime. You can only go to the grave to stop it."

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Historical materials: Jefferson's racism ("Jefferson" (U.S.) Joseph J. Ellis)

The most offensive thing about Jefferson has always been his belief that blacks are inherently inferior and cannot coexist peacefully with whites.

The main point of the prosecution came from the historian Paul Finkelman, who was teaching at Virginia Tech at the time, and the main accusation was hypocrisy against Jefferson.

Finckman pointed out: "Because Jefferson was the author of the Declaration of Independence, when evaluating his position on slavery, one must consider not whether he is superior to the worst forces of his time, but whether he leads The most outstanding people."

The answer is obvious: "Jefferson failed the assessment."

Finkman believes that Jefferson is a thorough racist. In Jefferson's eyes, it is impossible for blacks and whites to live together as equals. In addition, Jefferson did not show a very sincere attitude on the issue of abolishing the slave trade or restricting the spread of slavery to areas outside the South, and his thinking about how to gradually emancipate slaves was also true.

His beloved Monticello and his extravagant life were the result of the hard work of slaves.

Finkman believes that it is misleading to give Jefferson the reputation of the "father of freedom", and to put it more seriously, it is even annoying.

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·Historical materials: Jefferson's illegitimate son ("Jefferson" (U.S.) Joseph J. Ellis)

A scientific research team led by Dr. Eugene Foster, a retired pathologist from the University of Virginia, obtained a blood sample containing the Jefferson Y chromosome gene from a living offspring of Jefferson, as well as several descendants of Hemings A blood sample was obtained.

The test results were published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature and made public to the media on Halloween in 1998. The results showed that Jefferson and Sally’s youngest child, Eston Hemings (Eston Hemings) genetically matched. The probability that the pairing of the sample succeeds entirely by chance is less than one in a thousand.

This constitutes conclusive evidence that Jefferson and Sally have had at least one child. Combined with previous indirect evidence, it can be seen that the two are likely to have a long-term sexual relationship. If the story of Thomas and Sally is the longest soap opera in American history, it is now finally coming to an end.

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We all know that Jefferson lived in a historical period full of contradictions and conflicts in the United States. His personality was complicated and elusive, because he put forward the most inspiring egalitarian thought in modern history, but he had 200 slaves in his family.

Now we know that Jefferson once declared that the prospect of interracial marriage was extremely terrible and regarded it as an important reason for the difficulty of ending slavery, but he had several children with a female slave.

Before the results of the genetic comparison, people might think that Jefferson's life was full of contradictions. Now we can be sure that his life is full of lies.

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We cannot be sure of the emotional state of Jefferson and Sally Hemings when they maintained their relationship, but we have reason to believe that their relationship has a long history and most likely began in the last two years in Paris.

They are also very likely to be consensual. At least to some extent, any unequal exchanges between masters and slaves can be regarded as your wish.

Obviously, it (this kind of sexual relationship) satisfies Jefferson's physical needs, which he cannot and does not want to deny, because this relationship has been maintained for many years after being exposed by James Callander.

But in most cases it is still secret, an undisclosed secret. No evidence of this relationship can be found in Jefferson's personal letter.

Jefferson was very good at hiding traces, so it was not until nearly two centuries later that modern scientific and advanced genetic testing techniques proved that he was the father of Sally's child.

During Jefferson's relationship with Sally Hemings, Jefferson's eldest daughter, Martha Jefferson Randolph, lived in Monticello and lived with Sally's large group of children.

Even if we do everything that humans can deny, how can she not know this relationship?

But Martha persisted to her death that Callander's accusation was not true, defended her father's honor, and actually continued to persuade herself in the process of persuading others.

Jefferson himself dutifully recorded the names of Sally’s children in the list of slaves in The Farming Book. When they grew up, they were treated as slaves, as if they had nothing to do with Jefferson—indeed, like It is a different person who gives birth to them and who owns them.

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·The Enigmatic Jefferson (Author of "The American Story": Bi Lan)

If Washington is a god, then Jefferson is a mystery.

You really don't understand his world.

Not only because this "people of the people" lived a noble life, not only because his luxury was built on slave labor and huge debts, but not only because he claimed to believe in the wisdom of ordinary people but never really interacted with ordinary people. Not only because he was the author of the "Declaration of Independence" but never fired a shot in the War of Independence, not only because he shouted for freedom but fled in a hurry in front of the invading British troops, not only because he opposed the "partisanship" but established the United States The first party, not only because he advocated harmony but supported the **** French Revolution, not only because he emphasized state power, but after taking office, greatly strengthened the power of the federal government, not only because he opposed the central bank but used it to achieve his best The brilliant achievements are not only because what he said and what he did are not on the same channel, but also because his principles and actions belong to two worlds.

The more important manifestation of this mystery is his betrayal of his superiors and friends.

When he was Secretary of State for Washington, he opposed Washington everywhere; the only thing he did when he was Vice President for Adams was to oust Adams.

Yu Gong, he is unfaithful to the President; Yu Shi, he is unrighteous to his friends.

However, he sincerely believes that Washington and Adams have betrayed the principles of republicanism and led the United States astray, and that he wants to save this country; he also sincerely believes that no means can be used to achieve lofty ideals. He can pass the polygraph with these beliefs.

The strangest thing is that later generations seem to care more about what he said and wrote than what he did. His historical position seems to be based entirely on those 55 sparkling English words ("We think the following truths are not It goes without saying...").

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