My German Empire

When the "first computer" was born, there were various answers, most of whom: the world's first computer is the electronic numerical integral computer born in the United States in 1946, referred to as ENIAC.

In fact, this topic does not have a standard answer, ENIAC is just one of the answers. In history, people have already begun to manufacture automatic computing machines. After years of development, there is a computer today's appearance. Many types of computers can be counted as "first computer", which is to see how you define "Computers."

If you can help us do an arithmetic thing, you can be called a computer, ancient abacus should also be called a computer, but it is fully manual.

By the 17th century and 20th century, a group of computers who have appeared in a batch of computers have appeared in these computers, only a bunch of mechanical gears.

In the 17th century, there is a "all-around superman" Pasca. He is a mathematician, physicist, and a philosopher, fluid dynamist, or founder of probability theory. Pasca made an internal box of a bunch of gears, as long as it rotates the hair, it can turn it. However, this "first mechanical computer" can only carry out simple addition and subtraction, and its level is probably only equivalent to kindergarten children.

Later, German mathematician Leibnitz made a mechanical computer that can be added and subtracted, and its computational power reached the level of primary school students. Barbech, Barbec, manufactured in the 1920s, will calculate some mathematical functions. Although Babery dreams makes a more complete second-generation difference, he did not succeed.

Later, people realized that if only mechanical gears were calculated, the computing power is extremely limited, and if the computer has stronger computing power, there is only another way. Thus, the electronic computer came into being. Relying on electricity to work faster than relying faster, the electronic computer has stronger computing power. During the Second World War, the flight trajectory of the guns and shells on the battlefield requires a lot of complex calculations, which allows the electronic computer with an opportunity to exhibit. Taking the world's first large automatic digital computer "Mark No. 1" as an example, it can store 72 sets of data, with 23 decimals per group data. It takes 300 milliseconds at a time, and the multiplication is required for 6 seconds. The division is 15.3 seconds once, although it seems that this speed is slower, but it achieves a breakthrough in computational technical history, helping people to complete a large number of calculation tasks.

So, who is the inventor of the electronic computer? There are also several answers. In 1936, the British mathematician Tuling first proposed a computer contemplative that generates output in procedures and input data, and the descendants are named generic TRC. In 1938, the first computer "Z-1" in which the relay was operated, but the relay has mechanical structure and is not completely electronic equipment. In 1942 Atanav and Beili invented the first computer using a vacuum tube, named ABC with the first letters of their name. However, ABC can only solve the linear equations and cannot do other work. Under the Guidance of Tuling, the first computer "Kozas" can be written in 1943 in 1943, it is born in 1943. It is used to decide the password.

The first modern electronic computer in the history of human history is the 1946 ENIAC in the University of Pennsylvania, USA. Although it was born later than those mentioned above, it has the main structure and function of today's computer, which is a general purpose computer, and is the first computer that is equivalent to General Trimators.

It is a huge material, from 17468 tubes, 60,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors and 6,000 switches; covering an area of ​​170 square meters, weighing 30 tons,

It is better to have technical advantages in Germany, and transistor technology has been mature and started using many devices. Therefore, the first computer of this time is mainly used as a transistor, a supplemented electronic product.

From the 1950s, the original time and space has gradually replaced the vacuum tube, and eventually realizes the mass production of integrated circuits and microprocessors.

At first, transistors and transistor-tuned devices are not popular because it is too expensive. But the senior US military is very interested, because military equipment has special requirements for portability, reliability and durability. In most of the 50s, it is the support of the military high-level, so that the young transistor industry survives.

In 1957, the Soviet satellite "Schnnik" has officially set off the prelude of the US Soviet space competition. In 1961, President of Kennedy, announced that "it was sent to the moon before 1970." Compared with the Soviet Union, the US rocket technique is slightly behind, so the weight is more necessary, and all electronic devices use transistors as much as possible. The semiconductor industry based on the transistor is also rapid. The integrated circuit has become the protagonist in this period.

Interestingly, the Soviet army electronic equipment in the same period has gone a very different way, and there is still a single hour in a long period of time. Due to the development of the weapons and equipment, the Soviet Union believes that the trunk tube is mature, and the main energy is concentrated in the miniaturization of the vacuum tube, in the simulation circuit and numbers. In the selection of the circuit, the Soviet expert also believes that the analog circuit is more mature, more suitable for the working characteristics of the vacuum tube, so vigorously develops analog circuits with the calculation amplifier as the core.

Herrushchev has also said that "the survival performance of the vacuum electron tube in nuclear electrical tube is stronger than the transistor, and the Soviet Union should not engage in transistors." Due to policy reasons, the Soviet industry has been backward and Western, produced The transistor quality is delayed, and finally formed a vicious circle, which is increasingly forming dependence on vacuum tubes.

By the mid-1970s, the Soviet engineers finally found that the road of vacuum tube is small, if the volume of the vacuum tube is reduced, the cost will be an astronomical figure. At this time, the integrated circuit developed by Western countries can integrate 140,000 transistors on a 0.5 square centimeter silicon wafer. The Soviet Union proves that the miniaturization of the tube cannot be compared to the transistor integrated circuit. In the 1980s, the Soviet electronics industry began to catch up, and it was able to produce a medium scale integrated circuit before disintegration, approaching the level of the West in the early 1980s.