Rebirth: I am in Jin-Cha-Ji

"If China does not withdraw from the areas it has occupied, India will repeat its actions in Goa and drive out the Chinese troops," he declared.

Nehru publicly stated that he had "ordered the Indian convoy to drive the Chinese out.11

Why was Nehru so anxious? Actually, it wasn't Nehru who was anxious, it was the United States. The situation in Indochina was very unfavorable to the United States.

Although the United States has recovered from its initial passive position, the overall situation is still not favorable to the United States. China and the Soviet Union have made so many preparations, and various resources are constantly flowing into the Indochina Peninsula. How can the United States solve the problem so easily?

So the United States was very anxious and needed India to take action. Kennedy promised Nehru not only to provide India with $10 billion in weapons and equipment, but also to help India complete a massive industrial aid program worth a total of $120 billion.

At the same time, Kennedy also promised that if there is any conflict between China and India, the United States will firmly support India and recognize India's sovereignty over the disputed areas between China and India at the United Nations.

The pie Kennedy drew was round and beautiful, which made Nehru, who was already feeling conceited, dizzy.

If what Kennedy promised were to happen, not only would India's industry be able to develop greatly, but India would even have the opportunity to become the third largest country after the United States and the Soviet Union.

That is why Nehru was so arrogant. Under the impetus of these inflated politicians like Nehru, the whole of India was immersed in a frenzy.

The current Indian government is considering a war between China and India without listening to the opinions of military leaders at all, and is entirely considering the issue from a political perspective by civilian officials.

India is assembling more and more troops and is really ready to have a good fight with China.

1112 A gift to Kennedy

On September 1961, 9, the four-nation conference of Britain, France, the United States and the Soviet Union was held as scheduled in Vienna.

Britain was the most active of the four nations. It wanted to maintain a confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union, but without actually causing a war. Therefore, Britain worked hard to bring the US and Soviet leaders together to lower their rhetoric in Berlin.

The first meeting between Kennedy and Khrushchev was extremely tense.

Khrushchev was infuriated by the fact that Kennedy, before attending the Four-Power Conference, had visited Turkey and decided to deploy intermediate-range missiles there. The intermediate-range missiles the United States planned to deploy in Turkey could directly strike Moscow, posing a serious threat to the Soviet Union.

It is currently difficult for Soviet missiles to directly threaten important American cities, but the United States has deployed missiles right under its nose, directly threatening the Soviet capital.

This incident brought the already tense US-Soviet relations to the point of exploding.

So, as soon as Kennedy and Khrushchev met, they had an argument. Khrushchev demanded that Kennedy withdraw the agreement with Turkey and not allow the United States to deploy medium-range missiles in Türkiye.

Kennedy demanded that the Soviet Union first lift the blockade of Berlin and stop supporting the armed forces in Indochina.

The two people had an argument, but nothing was achieved because neither of them would give in.

After the first meeting between the heads of state of the United States and the Soviet Union, Kennedy was very angry.

If Khrushchev faced the United States during World War II

President Eisenhower, a former military commander, was somewhat wary, so Kennedy maintained a certain demeanor during the negotiations. However, Kennedy was not so gracious when facing the young man, who was only 44 years old.

Khrushchev deeply despised Kennedy, a wealthy second-generation. He wondered what kind of ability Kennedy possessed. Without his powerful family, how could a young man manage a superpower like the United States? Khrushchev was not the type of leader to hide his emotions. If he felt contempt for someone, he would show it openly, never hiding it.

Khrushchev's disdain and contempt for Kennedy were evident in the Four-Nation Conference, as he spoke to Kennedy as if he were teaching his own son a lesson.

This made Kennedy very angry. Although Khrushchev attended the Four-Nation Conference, he treated it with a completely joking attitude, showing no respect for Kennedy and no intention of compromising.

The original intention of the Four-Power Conference was to resolve the Berlin Crisis and the Indochina Peninsula issue. However, after the Four-Power Conference was actually held, not only were these issues not resolved, but relations between the United States and the Soviet Union further deteriorated.

"John, something's wrong."

While Kennedy was sulking because of the unsuccessful negotiations with Khrushchev, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, who was in charge of cooperation in Türkiye, rushed to Vienna.

Although Dean Rusk was Kennedy's personal choice for Secretary of State, their relationship wasn't particularly close. The two disagreed on many fronts, including their stances on the Vietnam War. Yet, Kennedy's choice of Dean Rusk surprised many.

Dean Rusk was not a very good

Many American media outlets later described him as a relatively mediocre Secretary of State in American history. However, he was also favored by many presidents and was considered a very qualified Secretary of State by the presidents.

Dean Rusk was against many of the US policies during the Vietnam War. But when he spoke to the public, he would never undermine the president or say that there was something wrong with his decision. Every time he faced the media, he would vigorously defend the president's policies, including those he disagreed with. Therefore, the anti-war activists in the United States have always been targeting Dean.

Rusk.

"What's wrong?"

Although Kennedy came from a wealthy family and had served as a member of Congress for many years, the team he formed after taking office as president was relatively young and had little experience in handling international affairs.

What troubled Kennedy the most was that he had just become president and had not yet firmly established his position when he encountered the Vietnam War. The sudden chaos in Indochina caught the entire Kennedy team off guard.

The Kennedy team currently did not have a clear strategy for the Vietnam War, including the chaos in Indochina. They were not clear about how the Vietnam War would proceed or how it would end. They just knew that they could not lose Vietnam.

This was not only the case in the Vietnam War. Faced with the Soviet Union's aggressiveness in Berlin, Kennedy's team's response was also very panicked and without any clear ideas.

Overall, Kennedy's team was in a rather passive position facing the pressure from Khrushchev. They didn't know how to handle many issues. Khrushchev had reason to look down on Kennedy.

"All three things are related to Thailand."

“What happened to Thailand?”

Kennedy still attaches great importance to the affairs of Thailand.

Because Thailand is the United States' primary lackey in Indochina. American aircraft have a far greater advantage in bombing from Thailand than from Guam and Taiwan. Thailand has opened up every part of its country to the US military, and the Thai government has agreed to allow the US to establish military bases wherever it chooses.

"North Vietnamese forces concentrated their forces in Cambodia and attacked Thai troops. Within three hours, they overwhelmed the 1000-man Thai force, with only about 300 escaping. This was the third such large-scale raid by North Vietnamese forces in Cambodia. Furthermore, the Thai army was unable to stop each attack. There were also countless other smaller raids. Within three months, Thailand lost over 5000 men in Cambodia."

"This battle was fought."

Kennedy was in a lot of trouble.

Although the US and Thai troops occupied Cambodia forcefully, their life in Cambodia was not easy.

The Vietnamese People's Army was not very good at fighting large-scale troops, but they were very good at using tactics such as sudden appearances, surprise attacks, and ambushes. This was because the Chinese military advisory group was their forefather in this area.

The Vietnamese People's Army trusted the Soviet Military Advisory Group more in large-scale military operations, so the Soviet Military Advisory Group was responsible for combat operations in Vietnam and against the US military. However, the guerrilla warfare and mobile warfare in Cambodia were the specialty of the Chinese Military Advisory Group.

The US and Thai troops were unable to live in peace in Cambodia.

"anything else?"

Cambodia has many problems, but fortunately, Cambodia is important.

The area is a plain. The US military is mainly stationed in the plains, so it is less likely to be attacked.

"Big things happened in Laos. A 4000-man Thai brigade was ambushed by Pathet Lao forces and wiped out in less than a day."

"what happened?"

With 4000 casualties in World War I, this was no small-scale battle.

"After the Thai army entered Laos, they were winning battles. The Thai army wanted to wipe out the Pathet Lao troops as soon as possible, but they didn't expect that the Pathet Lao 5 divisions and 5 teams would dig a trap.

Lure the enemy deep into their territory, a skill many PLA generals excel at. Zhang Yunyu, head of the Chinese military advisory group to the Lao People's Army, was a veteran of guerrilla and mobile warfare under Marshal Liu during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. Using him against the Thai army was like overkill.

After two Thai brigades entered Laos, the Lao People's Army, led by Zhang Yunyu, suffered repeated defeats, retreating steadily from Vientiane. Seeing the Lao People's Army's vulnerability, the Thai army grew increasingly arrogant. Although both countries are located in Indochina, there are significant differences between Thailand and Laos.

The Thai army was unfamiliar with many aspects of Laos, but was too arrogant and ended up being ambushed by Zhang Yunyu.

In fact, despite nearly a year of training, the Lao People's Army's combat effectiveness is not very good. In the eyes of Chinese military cadres such as Zhang Yunyu, the combat effectiveness of the Lao People's Army is not even comparable to local units such as the independent divisions under the provincial military regions in China.

But who can blame the Thai army for being inferior to the Lao People's Army? The level of military leadership is even worse. If Zhang Yunyu is at the level of a general, then the level of Thai officers is only at the level of a captain.

The complacent Thai army was ambushed by a concentrated force of the Lao People's Army and thrown into disarray in a foreign land. The 4000-man brigade collapsed within a day and was captured by the Lao People's Army.

This battle was undoubtedly the most important in the history of the Lao People's Army. This was the first time the Lao People's Army had fought a battle of this scale, annihilating so many enemies at once. Previously, the Pathet Lao had relied on the Vietnamese People's Army to fight, and their own guerrilla force consisted of only a few hundred men.

However, this time the Lao People's Army fought independently. Such a war not only greatly boosted the morale of the Lao People's Army, but also greatly helped improve the level of military cadres of the Lao People's Army.

It also gave the Lao People's Party confidence that it could lead the Lao revolution successfully on its own and could fight a battle of this scale without relying on the Vietnamese People's Army.

This increase in self-confidence is very important for promoting the Laotian revolution.

"Do the Pathet Lao forces have such strength?"

Kennedy frowned.

The Indochina Peninsula is full of flames of war, which seriously affects the interests of the United States.

However, with the current strength of the United States in Indochina, it is simply not possible to resolve the problems of Indochina. China and the Soviet Union promoted revolution in Indochina not only by providing weapons and equipment, but also by restructuring the political parties in Indochina, improving their organization and discipline, and sending large numbers of military advisors to train the troops of these parties.

In contrast, the US-backed government forces in Indochina are rife with corruption and have very low combat effectiveness. Compared to the forces armed with Marxist-Leninist ideology, they are far behind in every aspect.

Thailand is the United States' most important ally in Indochina. However, the Thai army has suffered repeated defeats in Cambodia and Laos, losing over 10,000 troops in a short period of time. Furthermore, in Vietnam, the Thai army was also severely defeated by the Vietnamese People's Army.

Thailand is inherently poor, with a national army of less than 10 soldiers, poorly equipped, and ineffective. The Thai military's historical effectiveness was significantly enhanced by the large quantities of weapons and equipment it obtained from the United States during the Vietnam War.

At the same time, when Vietnam and Thailand were at war in the 1980s, they received a large amount of weapons and equipment from China. The upgrade of weapons and equipment, as well as the experience of many domestic and foreign wars, improved the combat effectiveness of the troops.

But now it's different. The situation in Indochina has suddenly deteriorated, and the US has no choice but to forcefully equip the Thai army. And then, without even having time to train the Thai army, they're sent to the battlefield.

As a result, although these Thai troops received American weapons and equipment, they had no time to familiarize themselves with the weapons and equipment before they went to the battlefield. Under such circumstances, how could the Thai army have any combat effectiveness?

After receiving Soviet equipment, the Vietnamese People's Army trained for at least a year. The earliest troops trained for more than a year and a half. Even so, the Chinese military advisory group believed that the training period was too short and that combat effectiveness still had much room for improvement.

However, the Thai army had no training at all and was forced to take the field. Such a Thai army's combat effectiveness is much worse than that of the Vietnamese People's Army, let alone the Lao People's Army.

"According to the intelligence we have received, the current military advisors of the Pathet Lao forces are all from China. Although we don't know the more specific situation, the generals currently commanding the Pathet Lao armed forces are definitely Chinese. Those generals of the Chinese army have fought on the battlefield for more than a decade.

"With over twenty years of experience, they have a wealth of combat experience. Otherwise, the Pathet Lao wouldn't be so powerful."

Kennedy gets a headache when it comes to China.

The Korean War, the greatest humiliation for the United States after World War II, was a defeat at the hands of the Chinese army. Later, during negotiations over prisoners of war, China extorted countless valuables from the United States.

The US military was deeply impressed by the Chinese military's combat effectiveness. Over the next decade, the US military established a dedicated research institute to study modern Chinese history. They dedicated themselves to collecting data on battles from the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, and to studying the strategies and tactics of the Chinese military.

The Five-Nation Conference was supposed to be a good thing, but China refused to attend. It directly told Britain, the United States, France, and the Soviet Union that the People's Republic of China wasn't even a member of the United Nations, and that the Five-Nation Conference's discussions on issues like the Berlin issue and the Indochina Peninsula issue had nothing to do with China.

But that being said, how could the events in Indochina have nothing to do with China? Without China's support, how could Soviet supplies enter Indochina?

Without China's support, how could the Pathet Lao have such strong combat capability?

"Isn't there one more thing?"

"The Communist Party of Thailand launched an armed uprising in northeastern Thailand, openly declaring its intention to overthrow the Thai government by force and establish a socialist Thailand."

The Vietnam War of Unification, the Lao People's Army's conquest of cities, the Communist Party of Burma's massive expansion in northern Myanmar, and the Khmer People's Revolutionary Party's cooperation with the Vietnamese People's Army in fighting in Cambodia all began to influence other countries.

Why did Truman, Eisenhower and others attach so much importance to the Indochina Peninsula?

Because after World War II, the spread of socialist thought was very rapid.

The international communist movement flourished very quickly. Although Khrushchev's "Secret Report" at the 20th Congress of the CPSU dealt a severe blow to the development of the international communist movement, socialist ideas were most likely to gain public support in economically backward countries.

This is the case with the Indochina Peninsula. Formerly either a British or French colony, these regions later gained independence, but their economic structure remained largely unchanged. Life for the lower classes was extremely difficult.

So it is easy to accept Marxist-Leninist ideas. This is the case now. When China and the Soviet Union increased their revolutionary output to Indochina, the revolution in Indochina immediately surged.

"What's the specific situation?"

"This time, the Thai Communist Party organized a force of about 1100 people and captured three surrounding towns. According to the Thai side's report, the Thai Communist Party has established a strong presence in many mountainous rural areas in Thailand.

The total number of Thai Communist guerrillas is estimated to be around 7000.