Master Yuan, start!

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Chapter 497, Regulations of the Provincial Organs of the Social Revolutionary Committee.

Chapter 498, Regulations of the Prefecture and County Organs of the Social Reform Movement.

...

There are more than ten charters in total, which explain the scope of operation and working mechanism of Social Revolution D from top to bottom.

At the same time, the Congress elected Yuan Xiangcheng, Xu Shichang, Duan Qirui, Yan Fu and Zhang Jian as members of the Central Decision-making Committee.

Ma Xiangbo, Ming Ye, Jin Bingshi, Tang Shaoyi, Sheng Fei, Feng Guozhang, Jin Weidong, Liu Bohong, Cai Shaoji, Zhan Tianyou, Li Siming, Xu Shiguang and others were elected as members of the Central Committee.

"Central decision-making committee member, Central Committee member," the student in revolutionary uniform murmured in a low voice. It was his first time to come into contact with the operating mechanism of the top leadership of the Social Revolutionary Party, and he was a little curious.

In fact, this mechanism has been used as early as the Red Confucian Society period.

The process of the Central Committee and the Central Decision-making Committee has been in place for many years, and this time it was formally established in the form of D's internal regulations.

The highest national organ of the Social Revolutionary Party, which was transformed from the Red Confucian Society, is the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.

Since the Central Committee does not meet throughout the year, a "Central Decision-making Committee" is established as a permanent body of the Central Committee.

Compared with the Central Decision-making Committee during the Red Confucian Society period, the decision-making committee members of the Social Revolution could be said to have retreated and advanced. The one who retreated was Ma Xiangbo, who voluntarily retreated to the second line due to illness.

The one who came forward was Zhang Jian, who worked with Yuan Shao and Xiang Yu to quell the rebellion in Korea during the Seoul Rebellion and then devoted himself to business.

At the same time, the Central Committee also made changes to its personnel composition. There were veterans from the Korean military training, professionals who studied abroad, people from poor families, prominent families with a tradition of poetry and literature, the army, the navy, people from North China, people from Lingnan, relevant foreigners, and even Koreans.

The level of Central Committee members can be said to be a testimony to the diversity and inclusiveness of the senior members of the Social Revolutionary Party.

However, the two students who were reading the newspaper naturally did not understand this. They quickly skimmed over the content and focused on the second half of the article.

"Look, there's more!" The student in the cotton coat pointed to the lower half of the newspaper and read as he looked:

"At the end of the conference, two other important resolutions were made!"

Upon hearing this, the student in revolutionary attire quickly came to his senses and looked intently:

Resolution 1: Establish nationwide Social Revolutionary Supervisory Committees at all levels.

Resolution 2 promulgates the strategy for convening the National Assembly and explains to the people how to convene the National Assembly.

The procedure for convening the National Assembly is divided into three phases: the military period, the tutelage period, and the constitutional period.

During the military-ruled period, all systems were under the jurisdiction of the military. The government used military force to remove domestic obstacles, while promoting ideology to enlighten the people of the country and promote national unity.

The day a province is completely stabilized is the day when political training begins, and the day when military and political rescue ceases.

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The so-called training government means that the central government selects trained and qualified personnel to go to each province, and based on the villagers' assemblies, gradually promote the convening of county assemblies, prefectural assemblies, and provincial assemblies.

When all county assemblies in a province are convened, it is considered the end of the period of tutelage and the beginning of constitutional government. During this period, the provincial assembly can elect the governor instead of accepting the governor appointed by the central government.

The day when all provinces in the country convene provincial congresses is the day when constitutional government is implemented throughout the country. The National Congress should be convened to promulgate the constitution, stipulate the terms of office of the president and officials, and declare the establishment of constitutional government.

"Military rule, tutelage, constitutional government" The student in the cotton-padded jacket finished eating the pancake in his hand and said in surprise:

“No wonder the president sent his son back to his hometown in Henan; it turns out he never thought of becoming president for life.

If this law of tutelage and constitutional government is implemented, within ten years, all provinces in the country will have entered a period of constitutional government, convene provincial congresses, and let the people make their own decisions!

Chapter 499 The Inevitable Faction

After the first national congress of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, Yuan Keding packed his luggage and returned to his hometown in Xiangcheng, Henan.

A rectification movement known as the "Rectification Movement" started in Tianjin and gradually spread to other local areas.

External threats have been initially contained, and internal unrest has not yet occurred.

The vast majority of the social revolutionaries believed that they were about to usher in an era of stability, an era of rapid advancement and the enjoyment of officialdom.

No one expected that Yuan Shikai would start internal rectification at this time.

But in fact, Yuan Shikai did not personally participate in this "Rectification Movement". He just set the principle of "no killing and cautious arrests" and then went to do other things.

However, as the supreme leader of the Social Revolution, Yuan Shikai has always demonstrated great political influence, so that even if he did not participate in it personally, this movement still showed great destructive power.

First, there are two agencies that are the real executors.

One is the Social Revolutionary Intelligence Investigation Section led by Ming Ye, and the other is the Social Revolutionary Supervisory Committee led by Li Siming, which was just established after the Social Revolutionary Congress.

Ming Ye was a Korean who had joined Yuan Shikai in the revolution before the Seoul Rebellion.

Li Siming is from Shandong and was once the president of the Incheon branch of the Red Confucian Society.

3. These two are both broadly defined as the "Guanwai faction" and the "Korean faction"

0 From secretly training troops in Inchon and suppressing the rebellion during the Seoul riots, the Red Confucian Society for Social Revolution began its journey of growth step by step.

5 Initially, only Korea joined the "Incheon faction" in the uprising. Ming Ye, Duan Qirui, Sheng Fei, Jin Weidong, Jin Bingshi and others belonged to this faction.

Later, during the Jiashen New Army period, a wave of soldiers from all over the country were absorbed, forming the second faction, the "New Army Faction". Most of the senior generals of the National Revolutionary Army today, such as Feng Guozhang, Cao Kun, Duan Zhigui, Wang Shizhen, and Wang Zhanyuan, belong to this faction.

Under the capital, after Yuan Shikai defeated the French Marine Expeditionary Force, he became the real power holder of Korea because of his merits. During this period, many talents who had studied abroad came to Korea, and they could be called the "overseas school". Tang Shaoyi, Zhan Tianyou, Cai Shaoji, Zhang Bishi and others belonged to this school.

In the end, when Yuan Shikai was at the peak of his power and controlled almost all the military forces in northern China, most of the people who joined the Red Confucian Society were former Qing officials, and they were classified as the "Qing faction".

Of course, there are many more small factions, such as the "New Scholars Faction" who flocked to Korea to study after the turmoil of the Qing Dynasty; the "Northeast Reclamation Faction" that gradually grew up during the period of the Governor-General of the Three Northeast Provinces; and the "Industrial Faction" that gradually took shape in order to promote the "Six Coal and Five Iron Projects".

After these factions were formed, there were also factions such as the "North China Faction", "Jiangnan Faction", and "Lingnan Faction" that emerged based on different regional origins.

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There are quite a few factions within the Socialist Revolutionary Committee.

Due to historical and current reasons, most of those arrested were from the "Guan Nei Faction", "Jiangnan Faction" and "Manchu Qing Official Faction" that were absorbed into the Red Confucian Society after it entered the Pass.

This inevitably makes those who are arrested develop the mentality of "different treatments based on different regions".

So when the news of the rectification campaign reached some places in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, there was even a saying that "the president is getting rid of the donkey after it has served its purpose."

Due to the relaxed atmosphere of public opinion at that time, there were all kinds of opinions in the newspapers of Republican China.

Some scholars often write articles in newspapers for days or even months to debate the right or wrong of an opinion, and even engage in real offline debates, arguing until they are red in the face.

This was an era when news media was just developing, and Yuan Xiang and Ercheng had no intention of restricting anything from the beginning.

Therefore, overall, society presents a relaxed atmosphere that encourages discussion.

But this also means that almost any remarks can be made in the public opinion field, whether praising Yuan Shikai or criticizing Yuan Shikai.

Although due to the government's status, the accusations would not be so explicit, but the literati in Jiangnan not only had a literary tradition that had been passed down for thousands of years, but also had fought against the literary inquisition of the Qing Dynasty for hundreds of years.

He has long since mastered the art of making innuendos and making veiled accusations.

For a time, articles comparing "Emperor Taizu of Song Dynasty Releasing Military Power with a Cup of Wine" and "Zhu Yuanzhang Burning the Qinggong Tower" were frequently published in newspapers, and teahouses across the country also started to perform storytelling of this kind of drama.

It is true that Zhao Kuangyin gave up his military power with a toast, as can be seen in history books; but it is false that Zhu Yuanzhang burned down the Qinggong Tower, which is purely unofficial history.

But this will not change the image of the two towards meritorious officials in the minds of the people for hundreds of years.

With the intentional or unintentional promotion of these local officials, the two stories of Zhao Kuangyin and Zhu Yuanzhang have appeared more and more in the eyes of people across the country.

They wanted to portray Yuan Shikai as a ruthless tyrant, and to this end they brought up the example of Zhu Yuanzhang, who was similar to them, and also cited a counterexample like Zhao Kuangyin.

One can tolerate others, while the other will clear everything out.

There is no doubt that this is a counterattack by local faction officials.

They wanted Yuan Xiangcheng to consider his own reputation and stop.

But they were wrong. Yuan Shikai never cared about his reputation after his death.

These public backlashes did not shake the progress of the "Rectification Movement" in the slightest. Every suspected official or soldier was met with individually and isolated for conversation.

Sometimes, some things are not as terrible as outsiders imagine.

For example, during the "Rectification Movement" itself, after Yuan Shikai established the principle of not killing people, most people were not subjected to the harsh measures of being directly arrested like Song Qing.

This is "rectifying the style of work," not "rectifying the style of work," and certainly not "suppressing counter-revolutionaries."

The reason why Yuan Xiangcheng chose this name was that he wanted to control things within a certain scope and degree.

Those who were suspected during the "Rectification Movement" were often asked by the organization to write a "resume" to clearly describe their experiences since they served as officials in the Qing court or participated in the affairs of the Republican government.

At the same time, people around him will also be asked to write a "resume" to compare with each other to determine whether there are any false statements.

Only when there are problems with the resume will the Intelligence Division and the Supervisory Committee intervene and begin a real interrogation.

But even this kind of "interrogation" was definitely not the torture interrogation of the Qing Dynasty.

As early as the Red Confucian Society period, Yuan Xiangcheng taught Ming Ye many methods that were later used in later generations, such as "solitary confinement" and "staying up all night long" to break the psychological defenses of the person being interrogated without causing physical harm.

...

However, in such an atmosphere, the situation has slowly changed.

At the beginning, most of the people who were summoned for questioning were from the Guannei and Jiangnan factions who joined the Red Confucian Society later.

As the "Rectification Movement" gradually deepened, some members of the Guanwai faction and the Korean faction who had joined the Red Confucian Society earlier were gradually summoned and arrested.

Only then did everyone realize that this was not a separate purge targeting a certain faction.

An invisible factional dispute gradually disappeared into thin air.

However, all of this relied on Yuan Shikai's unrivaled prestige throughout the country, and his willingness to protect the republic and the purity of the organization even at the cost of punishing their own children.

These people now believe in Yuan Shikai, but what about the future?

1If he is gone one day, can these so-called local factions, local and overseas factions, still unite and fight for the future of Republic China?

Ling Yuan Xiangcheng didn't know what the future would be like.

Therefore, now that he has the ability and the country is just beginning to take shape, he is desperately trying to build a good political system to ensure that China in the future will not fall into the quagmire of personal dictatorship or factional fighting.

February 1899, 2, was the first day of the Lunar New Year of the Pig.

As Yuan Shikai rushed to Beijing from Tianjin to participate in Guangxu's funeral, this city, which had fallen into desolation due to the departure of a large number of people, once again showed signs of life in the snow.

According to people from all over the country who had already received the news, they rushed to Beijing before the New Year.

In addition to the party, many countries also sent representatives to participate in Guangxu's "funeral ceremony"

The southern part of the Forbidden City still has red walls, green tiles, jade pillars and white bricks. Even though this forbidden city has lost the royal master it has relied on for hundreds of years, it still exudes a majestic style.