The Heroic Age of the Late Qing Dynasty

It is difficult because the number of people entering is small and the language habits are different, so it has been

Due to the resistance of local ethnic groups, our army was not able to invest more at that time.

In response to the invasion of imperialism, Chairman Zhang Yinghao creatively proposed the Kachin people's

The PLA and the local Kachin people drove out the invaders and built

We have established an unbreakable friendship and shattered the imperialist plot to split our country's territory.

The unity and territorial integrity of the country were safeguarded."

"Yes! To this day, the Party Central Committee and Chairman Zhang have always been

The attitude and policy of "prudent and steady progress" in religious issues, treating every little thing

The work style of being cautious in dealing with things and seeking truth from facts is still worth learning and developing.

Yang."

"Yes, the regulations were very strict at the time. Chairman Zhang Yinghao instructed: - - Cut in

Military personnel and local staff entering minority areas must strictly abide by ethnic policies.

policies and religious policies; must strictly observe organizational discipline; must implement fair and complete

Trade conducted on the principle of equal exchange; great nationalism must be prevented and corrected

respecting all ethnic groups and serving the people of all ethnic groups with their wholeheartedness.

Practice to eliminate the great ethnic barriers left over from history and achieve

“At that time, these “musts” had to be done, but

This shows the strict implementation of ethnic and religious policies."

“If the requirements were not strict, there would not be the gathering of people of all ethnic groups today.

You see, foreign countries are now voting for secession here and independence there.

A disaster for the country.

"Many foreign countries have a tendency towards great nationalism, where they are the rulers and the ruled.

It is a relationship of exploitation and exploitation, of oppression and oppression, and the people will naturally rebel.

But in our country, it is about leading and being led, serving and being served.

And improve the lives of ethnic minorities, allow ethnic minorities to have ethnic regions

The power of regional autonomy was clearly put forward by Chairman Zhang Yinghao.

Under the unified leadership of the state, it is internal and abides by the constitution.

Matters within the nation, such as education, economy, culture, customs, etc.

But things like diplomacy and national defense are external affairs, so local governments naturally don’t have these powers.”

“Yes, imperialism has tried to divide China many times through war, economy, etc.

China, but in the end they all failed. The fundamental reason was that the people of all ethnic groups

The unyielding anti-aggression struggle safeguarded the unity and territorial integrity of the motherland.

Regional ethnic autonomy ensures the political participation rights of people of all ethnic groups, establishes and promotes

Equality, solidarity and mutual assistance among ethnic groups. When this relationship becomes a political system

After the transition, any attempt to split the country and undermine national unity will be thwarted.

Success...

Chapter 339:

After the liberation of Kunming, Zhang Jianping sent a telegram to Zhang Yinghao, reporting the liberation.

The incident in Kunming surrounded the British and French consulates and asked what to do next.

Zhang Yinghao was naturally very happy when he received these battle reports, but

Regarding the information they sent me next and the complicated situation on the border,

Zhang Yinghao also had a headache.

French colonialists signed the Sino-French Tianjin Treaty on June 9, 1885.

The Treaty of Peace granted the right to establish a trading port in Yunnan and to open mines and build roads.

By 1889, Britain and France had established military bases in Mengzi, Hekou, Simao, Tengchong and other places in Yunnan.

A port was established and Kunming opened and closed it independently.

These ports, such as Tengchong, also entered a period of prosperity, with merchants flocking to the port.

With the rapid development of trade, a large number of multinational companies have emerged based on the Tengchong port.

And branches across the inland.

For example, Simao is the gateway to Yunnan from the provincial capital Kunming or via Dali, Lijiang, and Zhongdian.

It was a must-go place for trade to Kangzang and Southeast Asia.

The booming export trade has made Simao, a remote town, a gateway for Yunnan to Vietnam,

Burma, Siam, Laos and other important domestic trade centers, horse caravans from all over the country came in droves, and merchants

Jia Yunji. Transporting tea to Tibet and the interior, and importing cotton from abroad and cooperating with local

Then they set up branches in Yiwu, a tea town, and Mengmengjiangcheng.

At this time, the amount of Pu'er tea from Yunnan entering Tibet has exceeded that of Sichuan tea, and a large number of

The caravans from Li, Heqing, Lijiang and Zhongdian went south and penetrated into Simao, Fohai and Yi.

They bought tea from places like Wu and other places and transported it to Tibet for sale.

For example, in Mengzi, France owned a large area of ​​land in the South Lake and East Village outside the east gate of Mengzi.

The privileges of opening trading ports, establishing consulates, customs, banks, trading companies and prisons,

During this period, many countries established railway bureaus, banks, trading companies, churches and consulates here.

There are more than 30 such companies, which has become a "country within a country".

This British and French interference in China's internal affairs has a great impact on the treatment of Britain, France and other countries in Yunnan.

The issue has been put on the agenda, and Zhang Yinghao can certainly abolish the Qing Dynasty with one sentence.

All unequal treaties signed by imperialism and the abolition of all

privileges, confiscate all the property of the imperialist powers in China - that's it, but

A rough approach will obviously lead to mistakes. What should we do? This question is raised again.

In front of Zhang Yinghao.

Zhang Yinghao turned his attention to Myanmar again, as if he saw through endless time and space.

Myitkyina. In Burmese, "Myitkyina" means the bank of a big river. This important town in northern Myanmar

It is located on the banks of the Irrawaddy River, the mother river of Myanmar.

After occupying the whole of Myanmar in 1892, the Governor's Office was established here.

At this time, the British had built the Burma Railway from Yangon to Myitkyina, an important city in northern Myanmar.

Lashio, the railway was extended to Myitkyina in 1898 and Mandalay in 1902.

The railway to Lashio is now open. Now, Myanmar's railway network has taken shape.

Kuang, Mandalay, Toungoo, Mawlamyine, Pathein, Bagan, Myitkyina, Lashio, etc.

Railways have been opened to all major cities. Myitkyina is very close to the China-Myanmar border.

It is only a little over fifty kilometers away, and only two hundred kilometers away from Tengchong, an important city in western Yunnan.

The dirt road on the China-Myanmar border is only suitable for caravans to travel, and they have to cross mountains and ridges, and pass through abnormal

A difficult trek.

"Logistics, logistics...

Zhang Yinghao was also thinking at this time, there is no railway in Yunnan and Guizhou.

The Military Prophecy says: To use troops, one must first observe the enemy's situation, check their warehouses, and estimate their

To know their food supply, we must divine their strength and weakness, observe the heaven and earth, and look for their vacancies. Therefore, if a country has no military troubles but still has to transport food, it is a sign of weakness. If the people have only food to eat, they are poor. If food is delivered over a thousand miles, the soldiers will be hungry.

Color, firewood after cooking, the army does not sleep full.

If a country has no food for two years, and a country has no food for three years, then the country is weak.

If the people are poor, the upper and lower classes will not be close to each other. If China wants to defeat the strong with the weak, it must rely on the masses.

people.

In terms of food, Britain and France have relatively better logistics.

Myanmar, Vietnam and Siam have been grain producing areas since ancient times, and they basically produce grain three times a year.

However, we also need to consider that the ammunition of Britain and France needs to be transported from their home countries.

Losing here is not much easier than losing to me.

Fighting is not a disadvantage. And the people's hearts are the real steel Great Wall, and Yunnan is indeed

A battle is needed to inspire and unite the people and lay the foundation for the next reforms.

Zhang Yinghao made a decision immediately.

Zhang Yinghao has made up his mind, but he doesn't know how to do it.

It is necessary to unify the thoughts of the party, government and military leaders. So Zhang Yinghao could only convene the party and government again.

A high-level meeting of the army was held to discuss and resolve a series of issues arising from the liberation of Yunnan.

After all the high-ranking officials of the capital were present, Zhang Yinghao signed the First Opium War with the Qing Dynasty.

The Treaty of Nanjing was signed, and the history of the Qing Dynasty in the past few decades was briefly described.

History, then said: "Since the First Opium War, Britain, the United States, France,

Imperialist countries such as Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy, Australia, Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, and Portugal first

Later, they invaded my country. Through the means of aggression, the Qing Dynasty and the imperialist powers

Xiao signed more than a thousand unequal treaties, seizing a large number of special rights in China.

right.

For example, the foreign powers still maintain their positions in Wuhan, Beijing, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Qingdao, etc.

The barracks are still there, and the troops are still stationed there; the warships of the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Japan and other countries are still there.

Foreign ships can still sail freely in China's inland rivers;

The General Commissioner of Customs of the People's Republic of China is still a foreigner; the nationals and legal persons of both China and foreign countries

When disputes arise between groups, the arbitration is still carried out by the Chinese and foreign parties.

Agency ruling....

Abolish unequal treaties, abolish the privileges of the imperialist powers in our country, and eradicate

The power and influence of Qing imperialism in our country is what our progressive party must do.

This is also one of our important tasks. Only after completing this task,

Only then can we develop our politics and economy independently with a new look.

We need to take strong measures to completely eradicate

Today we will discuss the various privileges of imperialism in China one by one.

But before we discuss these things, let's first discuss how to treat the British

and French problems.”