The Heroic Age of the Late Qing Dynasty

However, an unexpected event occurred. Dr. Wilder cured a patient with a serious ear disease. People were stunned by these miraculous potions and pills. At that time, people knew nothing about Western science. Coupled with the general hatred of Western powers, their speculation was often malicious.

At the time, the church also opened an orphanage in Chengdu to adopt abandoned babies. Based on the Chinese belief that "you are what you eat" and the Traditional Chinese Medicine theory that "the kidneys open up to the ears," there was a rumor that Dr. Kilde's ear potion was made from the organs of a Chinese doll.

Rumors that foreigners took children's hearts, livers, and eyeballs to make Western medicine were actually common. Rumors spread like wildfire, and the angry crowd had already come to Sishengci Street and surrounded the church, Gospel Hospital, and the residences of missionaries such as Dr. Kidd, trying to break in and rescue the children. Dr. Kidd felt threatened, so he went out with a gun and fired into the air, and the disaster was caused. Although Dr. Kidd and his family escaped with their wives and children, their homes,

The hospital and the Four Saints Temple Chapel were completely destroyed. The next day, the church on Shaanxi Street was burned down. The incident spread to more than ten counties and cities, and more than 70 churches were destroyed. This is the famous "Chengdu Incident."

Zhang Yinghao sneered and said, "Sichuan's geographical location, due to its proximity to Tibet, makes it a key area for Western churches to spread the gospel. Sichuan ranks third nationwide in terms of the number of believers it has recruited, yet it ranks first in the country in terms of the number of religious incidents it has experienced. This situation has forced churches and missionaries to seek ways to make it easier for Sichuanese people to accept Western religions. Spreading Western learning and using Western medicine to treat Sichuanese illnesses seems to be the best way to do this."

But the people have sharp eyes. Most missionaries have impure motives, oppressing the people and forcing them to believe in religion. Or ruffians take the initiative to join the church and use the power of foreigners to oppress the people. We are kindhearted.

Sichuan people were naturally not interested in this foreign religion, and were even very disgusted with it. In 1895, there was the "Chengdu Incident", and in 1890 and 1898, there were

Yu Dongchen of the county government twice protested against Christianity, and the Boxer Rebellion in Sichuan that began last year...are these missionaries, who are doctors, white lotuses? They cannot stop the imperialists from oppressing the people, but instead help the evildoers to do evil.

Liu Qingen smiled bitterly and said, "The Chairman is right. It was this Dr. Qilder who also bought a vegetable plot on Sishengci Street to build a chapel."

"It's normal for doctors to build a place of worship; it's their religious freedom. As long as they don't use religion to harm others, it's acceptable. But then again, doctors bring a lot of benefits to the people of Sichuan. We can only blame the weak and incompetent government. If the government was stronger, there wouldn't be so many missionaries entering the country. If they were kept out, these doctors would be able to practice medicine properly."

"It is indeed the case. In Sichuan today, poor sanitary conditions and a lack of medical care and medicine are widespread. Beriberi, cholera, rabies, typhoid, smallpox, schistosomiasis, venereal diseases, kala-azar, diarrhea, tuberculosis, leprosy, and plague are common, threatening the health and lives of tens of thousands of people."

"Yes, so we have a long way to go. Since Chinese medicine hasn't solved this problem for thousands of years, we can only rely on Western medicine now."

"Mr. Chairman, it's not that simple. Before the introduction of Western medicine, the development of indigenous Chinese medicine spanned millennia, rooted in a cultural tradition based on Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, and held a sacred place in the daily lives of hundreds of millions of people. The spread of modern Western medicine in Sichuan was not without its challenges, and even caused significant resentment among the people in practice. For example, regarding surgery, Sichuan has a strong tradition of shamanism. Many people in Sichuan firmly believe that if a person undergoes amputation or disability, this defect will unfortunately be carried into the "underworld," and preserving the integrity of the body is considered essential.

Many people still believe in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Even when herbal remedies fail, they refuse Western medicine. Instead, they resort to "magic" such as gongs and drums, firecrackers, and burning incense to expel the "demon" of illness. Conservative estimates put Sichuan's crude mortality rate at over 3%, with infant mortality as high as 20%. Life expectancy is approximately 35 years. Of these deaths, approximately 41% are from controllable conditions.

"Yes, the people are controlled by feudal forces. They are ignorant and blindly xenophobic. However, as long as it represents science, progress, and serves the masses, it will eventually be accepted by the people."

"Chairman, you are right, so now it is much better. The public's fear and suspicion of Western medicine have to be solved by medical staff.

To alleviate the threat of illness, disease, and death, traditional medical methods are insufficient, so people will naturally seek other methods.

With the spread of modern Western medicine in Sichuan, the dominance of local traditional medicine was broken, and a competitive situation of two types of medicine coexisted and emerged.

The magic of surgery and the quick effects of Western medicine gradually eliminated people's vigilance. Vaccination to prevent smallpox, quinine to treat malaria, and analgesics

and anesthetics, and aspirin invented in 1899... Because it is faster than traditional Chinese medicine, it has undergone a period of observation and

After experiencing it, people believed in its scientific nature. As time went by, government officials and ordinary people became more and more dissatisfied with Western pills and surgical operations.

From the initial fear and resistance, gradually transition to acceptance and belief.

While they still trust traditional Chinese medicine for internal medical ailments, they also acknowledge the competence of Christian doctors and Western medicine in surgical cases. The spread of Western medicine not only addressed shortcomings exposed by indigenous medicine but also began to change Sichuanese people's medical perspectives and hygiene habits. The number of people seeking outpatient care at Western hospitals and being hospitalized for serious illnesses is increasing day by day.

"Oh, by the way, what happened to Dr. Kidd?" "Chairman, Kidd was a real doctor. The Chengdu Incident burned down the hospital he founded. At the end of that year, he returned to Chengdu. In 1896, he built a 25-bed men's hospital, Renji Hospital, on the original address. Later, H.L. Canright (USA) opened Cunren Hospital on Shaanxi Street. At the same time, Dr. Qi Xixian also built the first women's hospital in Sichuan, Renji Women's Hospital, in the nearby Xinxiang Alley to adapt to the custom of "no physical contact between men and women" in our closed country.

After the establishment of the missionary hospital, it brought with it Western medical books, surgical instruments, and medical equipment, directly introducing modern medical technology and hospital systems to Sichuan. Missionary doctors in Sichuan utilized their expertise in ophthalmology, surgery, and obstetrics and gynecology. Resection of benign superficial tumors, amputation, and hemostasis, debridement, and suturing of wounds were among the most common procedures performed by Western medicine at the time. With the gradual improvement of anesthesia and aseptic techniques, the superiority of Western medicine in surgery, ophthalmology, obstetrics and gynecology, and public health became increasingly prominent.

"Comrade Qing'en, since Dr. Qild is still practicing medicine in Chengdu,

Can we contact him and cooperate with him? We can't let the Western missionaries control these four doctors. We must take the initiative to

Learn Western medicine, train more Western medicine doctors, and serve our people."

"Chairman, there's no problem contacting Dr. Qi'erde, but training a qualified doctor is not easy. Furthermore, Western medicine isn't cheap, and most people can't afford it."

Zhang Yinghao thought for a moment and said: "No matter how difficult it is, we must train them, just like we are training them now, because practice makes perfect. To solve the problem of difficulty in seeing a doctor, I think we should also come up with a three-three principle. That is, three points.

Working in a hospital, two-thirds of the time, involves teaching children to develop medical skills. Further study, two-thirds of the time, involves the system. There are two health stations. In the future, we must ensure that every Yinli Wang Shao 1 "receives a hospital." "Larger cities must have a formal hospital of a certain size."

"Chairman, this is difficult. The problem is that there are not enough doctors. Is a hospital still a hospital without doctors?"

"Haha, Comrade Qing'en, let's talk about Jie Qun's attitude. Our country actually doesn't lack doctors."

"Impossible. Where do we get so many doctors? Chairman, what are you saying?"

"Have you figured it out? Haha! We have a lot of local doctors in our country. Although these people don't know Western medicine, they also have the ability to treat

They also treat illnesses and save lives, but they don't understand the scientific principles of Western medicine. Aren't you writing textbooks now? We can also gather those folk doctors and give them some basic training to become barefoot doctors and serve the people. There's no problem with that!

Consider that people at that time had no concept of bacteria or viruses. They didn't know how to treat wound infections, and they didn't know whether a cold or fever was viral or non-viral. Therefore, these folk doctors only needed a brief training session to become barefoot doctors. They were also the easiest group to train, as those who knew medicine were generally literate. We didn't need them to have advanced medical skills; once they knew a lot of common sense, they could solve many problems for the people and provide them with medical services. These people could also directly contribute to changing social customs.

"Chairman, this is a good idea. I'll do it and see how it works."

"Okay, the first thing we need to solve now is whether or not there are any. As for whether or not they are good, that's a matter for the future. If these local doctors are motivated, they can teach themselves and receive further education in the future."

"Haha, discover talents and cultivate talents."

Zhang Yinghao didn't know at the time that it was these trained barefoot doctors who formed the simplest and most primitive medical service system in the base area and even in the new China. They later provided safe, convenient, high-quality and low-cost services in health education, infectious disease prevention, chronic disease management, maternal and child health care and other public health areas.

Quotes from Zhang Yinghao: No matter how well you arrange the process, it will be useless if you cannot execute it.

Chapter 56

Zhang Yinghao didn't know at the time that it was these trained barefoot doctors who formed the most primitive medical service system in the base area and later the country. They later provided comprehensive, convenient, high-quality and low-cost services in health education, infectious diseases, chronic disease management, maternal and child health care and other public health areas.

Zhang Yinghao continued: "As for the problem of expensive medical treatment, we will research and manufacture pills ourselves. If Western medicine cannot be manufactured, we will make our own.

Make Chinese herbal decoctions and pills.”

Zhang Yinghao still holds Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in high regard. It's an indisputable fact that many conditions can be treated by Western medicine but not by TCM. However, this shouldn't be dismissed as a disciplinary measure. Decades of tradition cannot be dismissed with a single sentence.

Zhang Yinghao felt that he really had no way to make nicotine for the time being; but he thought that some Chinese medicine decoctions and pills could still be made, and Zhang Yinghao also knew many of the main ingredients in them. In his previous life, Zhang Yinghao was in poor health as a child and took a lot of Chinese and Western medicine, so

I pay more attention to medicines. Long-term illness makes one a good doctor.

Many of the black medicines sealed in wax balls are traditional Chinese medicines, which actually contain concentrated extracts of the active ingredients of the medicine.

Zhang Yinghao finally found a way to make money, so he said impatiently: "You don't have to worry about this matter, you are responsible for the doctor first.

The training is done well.”

"Okay, Chairman, I'll go back first."

"Ah."

Zhang Yinghao sent Liu Qingen away and immediately began to recruit people to form the

The pharmaceutical factory was preparing to produce medicines. Zhang Yinghao himself didn't know much about specific medicines, but Chinese medicine practitioners had a very deep accumulation of knowledge in this area. Zhang Yinghao provided some ideas and the ingredients of several medicines, and Chinese medicine practitioners were able to research them quickly. He also knew about the effects of notoginseng, the main ingredient of Yunnan Baiyao, and glycerol on cardiovascular health, so he produced a vaccine.

A series of medicines were sold under the guise of secret recipes passed down from ancestors, and the sales were very good. This largely solved the shortage of doctors and medicines in the early base areas and solved the economic difficulties of some areas.

When the Party members, cadres and soldiers were called upon to go to the villages to help the people, the agricultural workers also went to the grass-roots level to teach them how to do their work.

Speaking of farm work, for example, digging skills, it looks simple, but many people get tired after digging for a while. Some people can

Being able to work like a machine for half a day without getting tired requires a lot of skills.

These methods were developed by Zhang Yinghao and his colleagues at the Ministry of Agriculture. Following them is quick and effective; otherwise, it's time-consuming and labor-intensive. For example, when digging with a hoe, we first need to test the soil's hardness and determine the desired depth. Then, we need to consider the height at which we lift the hoe, the force we apply, and the approximate distance we lower the hoe. Once we've achieved the desired effect with one hoe strike, we've established this motion for the specific area. Then, without further thought, we simply start working. This will ensure efficient and effective digging. Excessive digging movements, or even minor movements, waste significant energy. If you're preoccupied with other things or looking around, you lose focus on digging.

In reality, those who study diligently and know how to work will master these skills quickly. However, some people are either unwilling to learn or simply unwilling to work. Having these types of people in the team is not a good thing; they are Zhang Yinghao's targets, and they will be transferred out of their positions without anyone noticing. Some are sent to dead-end jobs, while others are simply fired.

Currently, productivity in the base area is very underdeveloped, with relatively few large livestock. Much of the work relies on manual labor. Previously, Zhang Yinghao aggressively recruited soldiers, taking many young men with him whenever he arrived in a new area. Without the troops working there, food would become a problem. Having the troops working there also indirectly reassured the people that their children were not being corrupted in the army, reassuring parents and promoting the military.

Therefore, military operations have been almost frozen temporarily, and efforts are being made to finish this season's production first. In any era, having food in hand is a way of keeping one calm, and in this situation, the base's paper food is directly linked to paper money, so Zhang Yinghao can't help but feel nervous. And now

In a disaster year, food is a weapon. It can also be used as a gold mine to buy a large number of idle laborers. A mouthful of food is a life.

Its importance cannot be overemphasized.

However, just as Zhang Yinghao was working hard to expand his territory, organize labor, and engage in grassroots construction, things did not develop as Zhang Yinghao expected, but instead developed in the direction he was most worried about. What Zhang Yinghao had always worried about finally happened.

Just then, a messenger came to report: "Report to the Chairman, a counter-revolutionary incident occurred in Longnu Town. A local landlord who had escaped

The militia massacred the local villagers who had received land. When we called the 112th Medical Bureau, we found that the landlord had already fled with his men, and more than 1 local villagers were killed or injured.

This is an emergency report written by the local authorities." He then handed a report to Zhang Yinghao.

Before Zhang Yinghao could accept the report, another soldier ran in and reported, "Chairman, Guang'an Prefecture City has captured two of our villagers and accused them of being bandits. Are they going to publicly execute them?"

Zhang Yinghao suddenly felt a headache. The oldest 1T Sun Ben (What the hell, the sun was shining brightly and the moon was full, but now the wind is terrible and ghosts are howling. But he calmed down immediately and took the report.

I read the notice, which said that more than 80 people were injured and 17 people were temporarily confirmed dead.

After reading it, Zhang Yinghao asked, "Is there any news about the landlord now?" "No news yet. The landlord is currently missing. We are now doing our best to find his hiding place."

"Okay, what about you? Why were those two villagers arrested? Have you found out?"

"We have not yet had contact with the two villagers and currently do not know why they were arrested."

Zhang Yinghao suddenly felt upset. "Mom, you know everything. What's the point of reporting this?" ...

How to make a decision? On a whim? But Zhang Yinghao didn't need to

A messenger got angry, turned around twice, and immediately said to the messenger in front of him: "Notify the team closest to the village and start a strict operation immediately.

"Investigate closely to see if we can find the landlords' armed forces. If we find them, we will destroy them on the spot. If we can capture them alive, we will bring them to justice."

Zhang Yinghao turned to the messenger who came in from behind and said, "Go and tell Comrade Yuan Kesheng and Comrade Li Tianqiao to come to me."

Zhang Yinghao has been in Qingwei for more than a year, but he still feels that he does not fully understand this era. Perhaps it is because of the history he has learned.

I was misled by history and TV dramas I watched, or maybe the information I have now is very incomplete, which leads to some mechanistic tendencies.

It is a mentality of liking to copy history according to one's own imagination, or waiting for something in history to happen so that one can take advantage of it, and then waiting for things to develop.

This is extremely harmful; it's a failure to analyze and resolve problems realistically. Forced waiting only leads to missed opportunities. Zhang Yinghao had been analyzing the characteristics of this era, but due to limited information, he couldn't come up with anything. This counter-revolutionary incident, however, taught him a great deal and brought him to a deeper understanding.

When Yuan Kesheng and Li Tianqiao arrived, Zhang Yinghao asked, "Look, there's a village massacre going on, and you don't have any information? The Guang'an County Magistrate dared to arrest our people. Did the Qing Dynasty send troops here? What's the reason he has support? What information do you have about the arrest of our people in Guang'an?"

Yuan Kesheng and Li Tianqiao were arguably more knowledgeable about the situation than Zhang Yinghao. Yuan Kesheng replied, "There's currently no evidence of collusion between the landlords and the Guang'an County Magistrate. We've discovered that the Guang'an County Magistrate is actively preparing to be transferred out of Guang'an Prefecture, so we haven't paid much attention to him. However, this landlord escaped early when we attacked that village before, upon hearing the news. This time, we were indeed negligent. Chairman, we failed to do our intelligence work well, and I ask for your disciplinary action."

Zhang Yinghao had already calmed down from his initial anger and worry. He knew that the intelligence department had little experience and had only been around for a short time, so it was impossible for them to be comprehensive. Most importantly, he knew this kind of thing was inevitable, no matter how well the intelligence department developed.

So I said, "Okay, now that I have to say the punishment, I just want you to do your job well. I also know you don't want this to happen, and it's not your fault. We need to change our previous working methods. Since there is a problem now, let's just solve it. It's not too late to mend the fold after the sheep have been lost! Tell me your solution."

Yuan Kesheng and Li Tianqiao felt a little embarrassed that Zhang Yinghao did not scold them, but now everyone knows that Zhang Yinghao has a good temper and generally does not lose his temper. Of course, no one would be so humble as to seek scolding if he could avoid being scolded.

"Chairman, we will thoroughly investigate the whereabouts of every landlord and will never let them harm our people again."

"Look, your starting point is wrong. What do you mean by our people? The people are not ours. You must remember this. Wisdom comes from indifference, but if you treat the people as yours, how can you generate wisdom? Last time we talked about the principle of disregarding interests, so we can come up with a solution. If we rely on ourselves to protect the people every day, even a million troops would not be enough. And what about investigating the whereabouts of the landlord? In such a vast sea of ​​people, how can we find a person who has escaped? Is it necessary for us to waste manpower and resources on such a stray dog?"

"Chairman, you mean they protect themselves?"

"We need to organize them so they can protect themselves. If they don't organize, how can they protect themselves? The massacre of civilians gives us an opportunity to identify and solve problems, and it also gives us an opportunity to educate these people. The idea that we can rest easy after the land is divided is wrong. Our revolutionary song says: There has never been a savior. Our Forward Party and the Revolutionary Army are not saviors. We can help them temporarily, but not forever. They have to rise up and fight on their own. God helps those who help themselves. Do you understand?"

"understood."

"You two will change your positions. From now on, Comrade Yuan Kesheng will no longer be responsible for intelligence work. You will directly take over the work of the National Security Committee for the Elimination of Counter-Revolutionaries and Work Sabotage. Comrade Li Tianqiao will be fully responsible for intelligence work. Regarding the massacre and the arrest of villagers, your two departments will work together to handle this matter. Now a large number of party members, cadres, and troops are working in the village. You must inform every village of the massacre. Everyone in the village has the obligation to protect the village. A notification mechanism and joint defense should be established. Those children should not be left idle after school; they should also bear responsibilities. Form a children's team in the village. Children always have the ability to see blind spots that adults cannot."

"Yes, Chairman. We must take strict precautions."

"We must take strict precautions, of course. But we call this: collective prevention and control, joint prevention and control. Mass prevention, mass control, joint prevention, joint control. I will immediately send a notice asking local party members and cadres to cooperate with you. You have a very heavy responsibility! Comrade Tianqiao, Comrade Kesheng, my regime is in great danger now. We may face encirclement and suppression by the landlord militia and the Qing army they represent at any time.

Furthermore, if the enemy were to infiltrate the base, the construction we had worked so hard to build would be destroyed. A reservoir could be destroyed with a few explosive packs, and a cadre we had trained could be destroyed with a single bullet. If the landlords continued to kill, then when we redistributed the land, the people would not be mobilized. The people would be frightened by the counter-revolutionary landlords. This is because we were not doing our job well enough, so we must mobilize the masses in advance to prevent such incidents from happening...

Zhang Yinghao's quote: Once all wrong paths have been taken, the one that remains is the right path.

Chapter 57

At this point, Zhang Yinghao suddenly thought of the ID card and household registration booklet. Without them, it was truly inconvenient. With them, many tasks would be much simpler and more efficient. Community-based prevention and control, and joint prevention and control, would be more effectively implemented. However, the household registration system was the responsibility of the police, and Zhang Kai would still be involved in coordination.

"Communicator, please invite Comrade Zhang Kai to the meeting here immediately. Come, let's have a cup of tea and wait for Zhang Kai."

After Zhang Yinghao finished speaking, he picked up the cup and poured a cup of tea for each of them.

"Thank you, Chairman. Comrade Zhang Kai has been very busy lately, setting up the police academy."

"Haha, he's supposed to be busy. Setting up a school is no easy task. Just the teaching materials are a big problem. Even setting up the intelligence training class wasn't easy. It's been quite a while since we last saw each other, right?"

"You two have been working together for quite some time. You must cooperate well after you separate. Although the intelligence department is responsible for external affairs and the anti-counterrevolutionary committee is responsible for internal affairs, in reality, there is a lot of overlap between them. You are in me and I am in you. Only by cooperating can we get the job done well."

"By the way, did Yu Qingao bring the base?"

"Haha, Tianqiao, I knew the Chairman would ask about this person this time. Chairman, Yu Qingao has been invited over. We also brought back a batch of machines from Wuhan and Shanghai, and they're now under the management of Comrade Chen Yiwei."

"Yes, Yu Qing'ao is Comrade Yiwei's master. I've just told him that I believe Comrade Yiwei can do Yu Qing'ao's job well. Zhaoyibeishi is in great need of talent, so you will be responsible for finding them. Especially some child prodigies. These people are naturally good at hands-on work and can understand machinery and equipment after just a few years. Of course, we don't have too many skilled carpenters here."

"As for women, Chairman, we're already working on that. The Sichuan Instrument Bureau will also have definitive news in a few days."

"Well, and, Comrade Tianqiao, your intelligence department is actually in my eyes.

This is not an intelligence department, but a team of our friends and development comrades. Of course, the development is different. Not only you are doing it, we are all doing it.

Comrade Liu Xinsheng did a great job in Chongqing. Do you know who is most oppressed in cities today?

"Worker."

"coolie."

"Yes, in places with factories, workers are the most oppressed. But in places like Chongqing, it's the dock workers who are the most oppressed.