The Heroic Age of the Late Qing Dynasty

After Zhang Yinghao said this, everyone looked around. If Zhang Yinghao hadn't said it, no one would have noticed these lesbians. Because these lesbians didn't have long flowing hair anymore, but had shoulder-length hair or the hairstyle of Audrey Hepburn in her past life, and wore military caps. If you didn't pay attention, you really wouldn't be able to tell they were lesbians.

"Okay, then everyone, answer me a question. What do we all have in common?"

This question really stumped everyone here for a moment. Everyone looked at each other. Some of the people here were officers, some were soldiers, some were in civil affairs, some were in the political department, and some were in the organizational department. They were of different ages and had different qualifications.

If we were to say the first reaction, it would be that everyone has the identity of a "person", but no one would give this answer. After all, no one would be bored enough to ask this question.

Someone raised their hand, and Li Kaishan saw it was Comrade Liu Erlan. It was she who had been his instructor when he was a new recruit, keeping a close eye on the soldiers' housekeeping and discipline. Li Kaishan had been singled out and criticized more than once for poorly folded quilts and had to be called out in public to fold them.

Li Kaishan was really a little scared of this instructor. He didn't expect that she also came to participate in the training. There were not many female comrades when reporting on their work. If Liu Erlan had appeared before, he would definitely have seen it, that is to say, some comrades did not report on their work and had just entered the training room from the back door.

"Oh, Comrade Liu Erlan, you answer.

“I feel that all the comrades here are your students and your followers.

Chapter 129:

Everyone laughed when they heard this. This was indeed the standard answer, and everyone felt that this was the correct answer. Who here had not heard Zhang Yinghao's class? Who did not follow Chairman Zhang Yinghao?

Li Kaishan noticed that some of the comrades looked at Liu Erlan with envy, and he felt a surge of envy himself. Why hadn't he thought of such a simple answer? Answering this question first would help him impress Chairman Zhang Yinghao and impress him. Opportunities to show off were rare in this kind of advanced training class; after all, no one was much better than anyone else.

After all, Liu Erlan is a person who has experienced life and death, and she has always been a member of the military. Now facing everyone's gaze, she faces it calmly, without blushing, breathing heavily, or changing her expression or heartbeat.

"Well, if I weren't included in the group, your answer would be correct. But since I'm included, I can't be my own student, right? So this answer isn't correct. Oh, please take a seat.

"Comrade Chen Xueer raised her hand. You answer."

Everyone's heads immediately turned towards Xue'er, staring at her. After all, Chen Xue'er wasn't as bold as Liu Erlan, and it was probably her first time being stared at by so many people. Her face instantly turned red like an apple. She stammered, "I think everyone wants to liberate the country and make life better for everyone."

Everyone applauded upon hearing this. Regardless of whether or not this person was the case, this was Chairman Zhang Yinghao's teaching, and the answer was absolutely correct. Anyone who dared to say this was wrong would be contradicting themselves.

Zhang Yinghao waved his hand, motioning Chen Xueer to sit down, and then said, "Well, what I'm saying is that everyone here has a common identity. Although Comrade Chen Xueer's answer is irrelevant to the topic, it's very close, so everyone should stop guessing."

Zhang Yinghao picked up a teaching stick from the table, pointed back at the party flag above the blackboard, and said: "All of us here, including me, are members of our Forward Communist Party. We are both men and women, and there are also a few comrades from other provinces. Some have been in the revolution for almost a year, some for only half a year, and none for less than three months, because the probation period for our party members is at least three months. But all of us have one common identity, that is, we are all members of the Forward Party.

One of our goals is to liberate all of China and enable the people to live a good life. Therefore, Comrade Chen Xueer’s answer is irrelevant to the question and the answer is indeed wrong, but if she is given more time to think, she may realize that it is the correct answer.

Anyone who can come here to participate in this training must be a member of our Forward Party; otherwise, he or she is not qualified to attend this training course. In the base area, I only consider whether he or she is a member of our Party. Only if he or she is a member of our Party can he or she be considered one of us.

Li Kaishan felt a surge of warmth when he heard this. He had always considered himself a peripheral member, even believing that no matter how hard he tried, he would never become a core member. Because his family wasn't from poor peasants, he knew during training that, while they weren't yet rich peasants, he felt he might not be favored by the Forward Party. While he was an object of solidarity, he also needed to be constantly vigilant.

Today, after hearing Chairman Zhang Yinghao say that everyone who came here for the training was one of his own, how could Li Kaishan not be happy and excited? After the training, Li Kaishan himself didn't know how to wash away the stigma of his birth, and could only work hard. Unexpectedly...

"I have long said that the Progressive Party is not my party alone, but the Progressive Party of all our members. The flag of our Progressive Party is not my flag alone, but the flag of all our members. As the chairman of the Progressive Party and a member of the Progressive Party, I, Zhang Yinghao, have the responsibility and obligation to grow together with everyone. As the founder of the Progressive Party, I have an even greater responsibility and obligation to lead everyone forward.

Everyone here is able to attend this training because you perform well at work. There's a saying that goes, "With great ability comes great responsibility." Since your work abilities have been proven, I want to tell you that this training is designed to enhance your work abilities and make you even more capable.

What is the content of this training? Many comrades have asked me, "This training is all about explaining the truth." There's a saying: "If you can't explain it clearly, you can't explain it clearly." This time, we're going to make our problems and issues clear, so that our truth will become clear. Then, if you follow me, Zhang Yinghao, and follow us on the path of the Party, you'll have clarity in your hearts and won't feel lost or helpless.

Comrade Chen Xueer just said that we want to liberate all of China and let everyone live a good life. So, if we want to liberate all of China, we definitely need a method to liberate all of China. It's impossible for everyone to just say one word and we'll be liberated. If we want the people of the whole country to live a good life, we definitely need a method. Otherwise, we can't just stare at the northwest and let everyone drink the northwest wind.

When some comrades heard Zhang Yinghao say that facing the northwest with their mouths open, they imagined the scene and burst out laughing.

"We have been in revolution for almost a year now. We have made many mistakes, but our achievements are the main thing. Here, through analyzing everyone's work, I have summarized the three magic weapons that our Progressive Party must persist in holding in order to liberate all of China. With these three magic weapons at our disposal, we will be truly invincible and unstoppable.

Hearing the words "invincible" and "unbeatable," everyone couldn't help but applaud. Everyone knew Chairman Zhang Yinghao was about to unleash a powerful new weapon. They just hadn't expected this move to come so quickly. Everyone began to listen intently to the plan for liberating the entire country. Li Kaishan felt his scalp tingle, his hair standing on end, and his temples throbbing. He turned to look at the others, some of whom had their ears twitching constantly and goose bumps covering their faces. Li Kaishan looked at his arms again, and the hair on his arms stood on end.

"So what are these three magic weapons? They are Party building, armed struggle, and the united front. Do we have these three main magic weapons now? I want to tell you that we have not mastered them at all, or we have only scratched the surface.

I see many people are still unconvinced. Think about it, everyone: if I say that mastering these three magic weapons will make you invincible, unstoppable. But look at our current situation: we haven't achieved that at all! Or rather, we simply can't achieve it. So, we've only just scratched the surface of these three magic weapons.

The united front is a topic I just brought up today. Although we have been working on it, we have not done it very well.

Regarding Party building, our ideological system hasn't yet taken shape. Our guiding ideology for Party building is Marxism, which is the dialectical materialism and historical materialism I mentioned before. These are the disciplines developed by Marx, so it's not an exaggeration to call him our mentor. There's also the temporal materialism I've brought up. This isn't part of our training, so please disregard it.

The second is armed struggle, which is where we've only scratched the surface. We've been holding the guns tightly since the beginning. So, some might ask, why haven't we been holding the guns tightly, or have we only scratched the surface? There are two aspects to this. The first is our weapons. What kind of weapons do we have now? Many guns require a bolt to fire, and most of them are purchased. Do we have enough ammunition? How many cannons do we have?

After hearing these two questions, everyone present shook their heads. The base did not have many bullets at the moment, just enough to fire. As for cannons, they only seized a few cannons from the Qing Dynasty, and they were all old-fashioned cannons. The quality of the cannons produced in the base was not up to standard.

"Of course, weapons are one thing, but the other is personnel. Are there any of us with even a junior high school education? Hardly any, right? Our soldiers are so poorly educated that they simply can't grasp many strategies and tactics. Many comrades still believe that bullets fly straight ahead after being fired.

While practice is the best teacher, and we can learn about war through battle, we currently lack the ability to study the classic battles of ancient and modern times, both in China and abroad, and to extract the nourishment we need from them. To this day, no one has experienced a true war, or even a true battle, and no one has graduated from a formal military academy.

The armed struggle I'm talking about means, on the one hand, always being ready to take up arms and fight; on the other hand, it means constantly improving the performance, quantity, and quality of our weapons, and raising the quality of our troops. So, we've only just scratched the surface; there's still a long way to go, and we're still a long way from mastering it.

Hearing what Zhang Yinghao said, the comrades shook their heads helplessly, and many of them had bitter smiles on their faces.

"The issue of the united front has been raised before, especially during our Politburo meetings and training sessions. The most crucial question in the united front is who are our friends and who are our enemies. This is the primary question of the revolution.

Before discussing our enemies and friends, there's one crucial question: our standpoint. Are you speaking from the perspective of the proletariat? Or from the perspective of the exploiting class? Let me state first that our Communist Party is a proletarian party, and therefore speaks from the proletarian standpoint. Everyone must not make any mistake about their standpoint.

So who are our enemies? Currently, we have many enemies, but our primary enemy is only one: the Qing court and the landlord and comprador classes who support it. Our primary task now is to overthrow the oppressive rule of the Qing court. Those who support us are our friends, and those who oppose us are our enemies.

I said last time that we now have to solve two problems: hunger and being oppressed. Our land revolution is to solve the problem of hunger. This will inevitably affect the interests of the Qing rulers and the landlord class, making them our enemies. We are not yet capable of facing oppression, so you can disregard it for now.

Our work is to unite our friends and fight and isolate our enemies. If we have more friends and fewer enemies, we will surely achieve final victory.

Therefore, the question of the united front is to unite as many friends as possible to strike at our main enemy. Here, everyone should pay attention to one thing. Let me give you an example. Our main enemy right now is the landlords and the Qing court they represent. I've also said before that our enemies also include imperialism and its running dogs. Can we find a way to unite with imperialism to overthrow the Qing?

This is absolutely not possible. Our relationship with the Qing court is an internal matter among the Chinese people, because before we became proletarians and laborers, we were already Chinese. We can even unite with the Qing court to attack imperialism, because the Qing court oppresses and exploits us, while imperialism wants to enslave us and destroy our nation and race.

Everyone must understand these relationships clearly as we grow and develop. At this stage, because our power is too weak, our enemies are the landlords and their representative power, the Qing court. Once our power grows to the point where it catches the eye of imperialism, our enemies will instantly transform.

If imperialism waged war against us, then the landlords and their representative forces, the Qing Dynasty, and imperialism would all be our enemies, because they would unite against us. Therefore, our enemies and friends are constantly changing. We must not only strike our enemies, but also prevent our friends from turning into our enemies.

Okay, that's all for this morning's class. It's time for other teachers' classes. My afternoon class is the popular case analysis course. I'll send the case studies to everyone shortly. Please take a good look at them in your free time. Okay, get out of class dismissed."

"stand up.

"Goodbye, classmates.

"goodbye teacher."

Chapter 130:

Zhang Yinghao's training this time was similar to previous ones. He taught two classes a day, with other teachers teaching the rest of the time. This training session lasted approximately a week. Zhang Yinghao couldn't currently force these students to leave their jobs for extended periods of time. He could only offer multiple, short training sessions to impart key knowledge points. The students still needed to rely primarily on their own learning.

Zhang Yinghao looked at the students and saw that the next class was a new geography class. It was like a joke he had heard in his previous life: All roads lead to Paris. Isn't Paris in America? Many of his students now don't even know what America is. This kind of common sense course is very necessary for the current students.

As for the fact that the teacher of this class was a newly arrived international student, the students there couldn't imagine themselves living on a giant ball, let alone one that was constantly in motion. Only these international students had these concepts.

Zhang Yinghao realized that the first thing anyone who got a map would do was to find their own location. It was human instinct. In his previous life, when Zhang Yinghao first saw a map of China, he looked nowhere else but at his own region. On the school map of China, the area marking Guang'an had been smoothed out by fingers.

Of course, basic map reading is covered during military training and is a required part of the officer exam. This time, the students returned with a world map, so Zhang Yinghao took the opportunity to start this new course.

This training also included a general knowledge lesson, much like the "100,000 Whys" section. By introducing things or explaining phenomena, Zhang Yinghao believed that the more his colleagues learned, the greater their thirst for knowledge would be.

"Classmates, this morning we talked about the three magic weapons of our progressive Party. Who still remembers them? Raise your hands if you do. Oh, you remember them all? Then, Comrade Li Kaishan, you take the lead."

"Party building, armed struggle, and the united front—the answer is complete."

"Okay, sit down. I don't expect you to fully understand this stuff right now. Remember what you can, and forget what you can't. I've always believed that when you need these things, you'll naturally remember them. If you can't remember them, you can always create them. After all, these are things I created because I needed them, so you can naturally create them when you need them.

Now let's turn to our first case study, the Boxer Rebellion, which is still ongoing. Why am I so certain this movement will fail? Come on, come on, let's discuss these three magic weapons. Does anyone want to share their thoughts?

"Oh, good Comrade Tianqiao, please tell me about it."

When Zhang Yinghao saw Li Tianqiao raise his hand, he immediately called on him and asked him to share his ideas.

"Chairman, the three magic weapons you mentioned are Party building, armed struggle, and the united front. I'm quite familiar with the Boxer Rebellion. Let's start with the united front. Their initial slogan was "Support the Qing and destroy the foreigners," but later, due to the Qing's suppression, it was changed to "Sweep away the Qing and destroy the foreigners." Their external goal was to target all foreigners and anyone associated with them. This included doctors, nurses, and even people with a pen pinned to their chests. They were all within their reach. In short, they opposed anyone and anything associated with foreigners. This blind, xenophobic action completely failed to understand who our friends were and who our enemies were, and had absolutely no concept of a united front.

The second is armed struggle. The Boxers were also known as Yihequan (Righteers of Peace), and some officials called them "Boxer Bandits," meaning they were a group of trained fighters. But asking them to pick up rifles and artillery would be a joke. We have achieved our current situation only through training and study. The Boxers were just a group of ordinary people who had just put down their hoes and had no training at all. It hardly seems like an armed struggle.

Finally, let's talk about Party building. That's even more of a joke. We have constant cultural education here, and there are many training courses. But we're still completely clueless about this stuff. And the Boxers are now worshipping the "Big Brother," "Second Brother," and the "Invulnerability to Swords and Guns" painted yellow talisman—featuring feudal superstitions that the Chairman long ago spoke of. There's no way they won't fail! That's the end of my answer."

After hearing Li Tianqiao's brilliant answer, everyone applauded enthusiastically. Everyone felt as if their understanding of these three magic weapons had instantly deepened significantly.

When Zhang Yinghao heard Li Tianqiao say that swords and spears were inferior to the yellow talisman, he recalled a line from a movie in his previous life: "You have Western technology, I have magical body protection." The Chinese have been deeply harmed by this stuff, unable to understand the power of technology in a realistic way.

Western countries can acknowledge Chinese myths and legends; after all, their Yahweh is that kind of god. However, Westerners aren't particularly interested in Chinese martial arts and fairy tales, where people fly around. Westerners simply can't imagine someone being able to fly around in the sky for no apparent reason and press acupuncture points. What the heck is that?

And what about China? There are martial arts like the Golden Bell Cover, Iron Shirt, Eighteen Dragon Subduing Palms, Cloud Ladder, Nine Yang Magic Art, etc. Even a novice will know what these are when they see these names. This is the magic of the Chinese.

Therefore, if China wants to eliminate feudal superstition, it is a long and arduous journey. It will take at least a century to see any results. As for completely eliminating it, Zhang Yinghao believes that this thing may accompany the extinction of mankind.

Zhang Yinghao rubbed his forehead, dismissing these boring thoughts. He smiled and said, "Anyone else wants to add something? Oh, Comrade Bao Shilin, please go ahead."

"Let me add a few words about Party building. The Chairman has long stated that our Party's principles are science, democracy, and labor. We now train troops, fight wars, hold discussions on issues we don't understand, build roads, and help factories—all with a scientific and democratic approach. Correcting mistakes is the only way to improve our comrades' abilities."

The Boxers, however, rejected science and embraced superstition, democracy, and instead adopted feudal sectarianism, sworn brotherhood, and swearing oaths. This is why they were bound to fail. That’s the end of my answer.”

After hearing Bao Shilin's answer, everyone applauded. There are still some people who are confused about science, but this doesn't stop them from denying those who are not their kind. While applauding for self-affirmation, they naturally deny others; this is also part of human instinct.

"Okay, since you two comrades have pretty much covered this issue thoroughly, I won't repeat it here. If anyone still doesn't understand, you can look at each other's notes or discuss it further. Now, let's move forward a little bit, to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom period. Does anyone want to analyze the reasons for the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's failure? Oh, Comrade Li Kaishan raised his hand, so you can answer it."

"Okay, Chairman, the three magic weapons you've summarized for us are Party building, armed struggle, and the united front. Let's start with Party building. I believe Party building encompasses both the organizational development of a team and the ideological development within it. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's organizational development was relatively successful in its early and middle stages, as they adopted a system that conferred titles such as princes and thousand-year-old titles. Although it was a feudal system, it was indeed effective."

However, internal strife among their leaders, particularly between Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuqing, led to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's decline. This was because their guiding ideology wasn't scientific, but rather the inexplicable existence of God. While reading the literature, I was baffled, sometimes referring to someone as "son of God," sometimes as "brother of God." Even more baffling was the fact that Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuqing were able to do whatever they pleased under the guise of divine possession.

I was completely baffled, but after rereading our Party Constitution, many things suddenly became clear. Our Party Constitution states that we practice democratic centralism, but Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuqing clearly did not. They used the sleight of hand to manipulate the spirits into attempting to establish their own authority and impose unconditional obedience on others. This would be fine if the spirits could only possess one person. The problem is that they possessed too many people, which inevitably led to internal divisions within the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

In terms of armed struggle, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom initially pursued progress. For example, when attacking cities, they would dig tunnels and then use coffins filled with explosives to blast the walls. This is what Chairman Mao said: "Use the right weapons to fight the right battle." However, another principle of armed struggle is the need to proactively pursue progress. This means that if the enemy has weapons, we must also have them, and if the enemy lacks them, we must also have them. As a result, even after the Qing Dynasty's Hunan and Huai armies had upgraded their equipment, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom remained sluggish.

Let's talk about the issue of the united front. The good thing is that they put forward the slogan of equal distribution of land and introduced the "Tianchao Tianmu System" to unite the vast majority of farmers. But the bad thing is still that they did not clarify who is our friend and who is the enemy. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom called foreigners "foreign brothers" because they all believed in God. The simplest problem here is that they did not distinguish between Chinese and barbarians, and did not understand the principle that those who are not of our race must have different hearts. Then they almost beheaded the Qing officials they caught. I don't know if they ever instigated Qing officials to rebel. In the end, they were destroyed by the joint attack of the Qing Dynasty and imperialism. My answer is complete. "Group number of this book: 775111838

Upon hearing the word "finished," everyone gave a warm round of applause. Zhang Yinghao also applauded, applauding the growth of his comrades in the base area. He had merely offered an idea, and these outstanding comrades had been able to identify some issues. That was already quite impressive.

"Oh, okay, Comrade Liu Erlan, you can also speak.

Zhang Yinghao saw several more people raising their hands, including a female comrade, so he decisively asked the female comrade to answer.

"I think there's another issue we must address regarding Party building: it didn't take long for the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to go from a highly motivated organization to one that remained complacent, defended Nanjing, and fell into corruption. We can see from the literature that Hong Xiuquan had eighty-eight wives, and Yang Xiuqing had at least sixty-six concubines.

Hearing this, some of the male comrades present were embarrassed, some smiled, and some wanted to burst into laughter but didn't dare. Their faces were all distorted. Most of the female comrades blushed and secretly looked at Liu Erlan, who was still speaking with a generous expression. Then Liu Erlan continued, "Moreover, when Yang Xiuqing traveled, he actually sat in a sedan chair carried by 48 people. His extravagance and debauchery had reached an outrageous level. If such a person appeared in our base, I would be the first to shoot him.

Hearing this, the male comrade was furious at Liu Erlan's threat, but he didn't dare to show it. Zhang Yinghao saw that Liu Erlan was about to say these nonsense and quickly stopped her.

"Well, Comrade Liu Erlan hates evil and hates evil. Let's applaud her."

After hearing what Zhang Yinghao said, there was sparse applause. Zhang Yinghao glanced around and the applause started to blaze out.

"Comrade Liu Erlan is right. Think about what kind of people you were in the past. Hong Xiuquan, Yang Xiuqing and others took possession of so many women. This is arrogance and debauchery. This is because ideological construction has not been done well. I have taught you in biology class that women have a 50% chance of giving birth to a boy or a girl. You say that since they married so many wives, there must be many men who can't marry these women? Overall, it is equivalent to so many bachelors. Therefore, we practice monogamy within our base area. If anyone wants to marry two wives, quickly go to the Qing Dynasty to find a solution. Comrade Liu Erlan, do you have anything else to say?"

"Nothing."

"Who among us progressive party members still remembers the three major styles? Does Comrade Liu Erlan still remember?"

Chapter 131:

"Remember, it is to integrate theory with practice, maintain close ties with the masses, and engage in criticism and self-criticism."

"Oh, very good, sit down. Some comrades still remember, but some may not. So let's see if Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuquan achieved all three of these points? None of them. Without the implementation of their Tianchao Tianmu system, their Heavenly Kingdom would have no possibility of realization. The moment they sat in the sedan chair, they were doomed to be separated from the masses. As for criticism and self-criticism, hey, just look at how many wives they had. They certainly criticized and self-criticized during the period after the uprising, but after establishing the capital in Nanjing, there was definitely no criticism and self-criticism, otherwise they would not have indulged in such extravagance and debauchery.

Doesn't this analysis make things easier for everyone? If you look at case studies individually, you'll always feel a bit confused. By incorporating our three magic weapons and three work styles, it becomes clear whether an organization can succeed and achieve results.

Finally, let's analyze the final case, our Li Zicheng. Who wants to start? Oh, everyone raised their hands? Everyone wants to share their thoughts. It seems these two classes were worthwhile; everyone really learned something. So, Comrade Li Liqun from Shaanxi will speak.

"Chairman, based on your summary of the three magic weapons of our Forward Party, let's analyze it first. Let's talk about the issue of the united front. We all know that there was a severe drought in Shaanxi at the end of the Ming Dynasty, just like now. Li Zicheng rebelled because he couldn't eat. The slogan they put forward was that Li Zicheng would not pay taxes, equal land and no taxes, and no taxes for three years. This slogan has practical significance in this regard, and it really united the people. Of course, in the end

It was definitely not done well. In that era of low productivity, this kind of thing was just to deceive ordinary people and gain their support.

If we don't pay grain, what will the fighting troops eat? It's impossible to pay all the grain, just like we are now. We can only rely on the grain we have captured to have enough food in the short term. What about after the war? If we don't build, we will eat up all the grain we have.

You will be hungry.

Let's say Li Zicheng captured Beijing. Should he be happy? Or should he be trembling with fear? With such a huge country in his hands, how could he think about internal construction or appeasing the people? He held a torture in Beijing.

The end, caused a scene of Wu Sangui's anger for the beauty. This is the lack of criticism and self-criticism. To use a word that Chairman Mao said, this is Li Zicheng.

He "got carried away". After entering the capital, he started to do evil things. He didn't understand the situation and pushed other forces into opposition when the external enemies had not been eliminated and the internal unity had not yet been achieved.

They were like a black bear plucking sticks, breaking them off and throwing them away, with no intention of establishing a base. After Li Zicheng proclaimed himself king and entered the city, he completely let loose, feasting and eating lavishly. He treated the city merely as a supply base. The masses needed a stable life, but Li Zicheng couldn't provide that, so he could only coerce them into his ranks. Coupled with the Ming Dynasty's encirclement and suppression, Li Zicheng never had a stable base, and thus no popular support. He was like duckweed on the water, unable to withstand the wind and rain. Although he benefited from the severe drought in Shaanxi, he was able to survive his repeated defeats, but his final defeat to the Qing Dynasty meant he had no chance of a comeback.

As for the armed struggle, their army also learned warfare in war, and finally they captured the capital and sat on the throne for more than ten days. But Li Zicheng's army was a peasant army, they had no cultural education, and their tactics were not innovative, they were just typical

The peasants have rebelled.

The human aspect of armed struggle goes without saying. After years of warfare, the elite may have been sifted out, leaving behind only the best. But did these elite troops receive much military training? Why did Li Zicheng's troops repeatedly face the risk of annihilation? It was because Li Zicheng's elite troops relied on individual bravery, not team courage. Consequently, they were crushingly defeated when facing the Guanning Iron Cavalry and the Qing army.

As for weapons, Chairman Mao has long said that in the feudal era, the highest speed was represented by horses, that is, cavalry, or field combat capability.

In fact, the Qing Dynasty and even the Ming Dynasty army were weak. Li Zicheng's advantage over the Ming army was to drag them down until they died.

If they had the chance to change tactics, they would have been defeated miserably.

Finally, regarding the issue of Party building, Li Zicheng's military discipline was lax, with virtually no concept of organizational development. For example, after entering the capital, he lost control of his men. He allowed his soldiers to rob and pillage the city, continuing the behavior of bandits. His mindset hadn't yet shifted from conquering the country to ruling it. It could be said that Li Zicheng was simply a hero shaped by the times.

Therefore, Li Zicheng was bound to fail in the end. Even if the Qing Dynasty hadn't existed, Li Zicheng might not have been able to conquer the Southern Ming Dynasty. My answer is complete."

Warm applause erupted in the classroom, indicating that everyone strongly agreed with Comrade Li Liqun's analysis. Zhang Yinghao waved his hand and said, "Anything else to add? Comrade Liqun, please take a seat. Comrade Zhao Yinshan, please speak."