The Heroic Age of the Late Qing Dynasty

One of the differences between socialism and capitalism is whether capital controls

In the hands of individuals or the state. The appreciation of capital is actually a form of exploitation.

This has invisibly exploited all people in society.

If value falls into the hands of individuals, it will not benefit the majority of society. If it falls into the hands of the state, it will be relatively fair to the majority of society. This is one of the reasons why the socialist system is superior to the capitalist system.

Thinking about this, Zhang Yinghao felt more and more that the world was like a giant game. Everyone lived in this game, where both visible and invisible rules controlled everything. And Zhang Yinghao himself was now one of the makers of some of the base's rules. His words were his, and his actions were his.

Zhang Yinghao came to his senses, looked at the students again, and returned to his office to prepare for class. His training school had more than just this one class, and Zhang Yinghao didn't just teach this one class; he also taught other classes.

"Classmates, today in our geography class we're going to talk about some common sense questions. We know that foreigners call our area the Far East."

Zhang Yinghao turned around and drew a world map with China at the center on the blackboard, and then drew a world map with the West at the center next to it.

Zhang Yinghao pointed to the map in front of him and said, "Everyone, look at these two maps. They are both identical world maps. One is centered on our country, and the other is centered on Western countries. With our country at the center, we call European and American countries Western countries."

Zhang Yinghao pointed to the Middle East and said, "This is West Asia, this is South Asia, also known as the Indian Peninsula. This is Southeast Asia, and this is Northeast Asia. This is a view centered on our country. Let's take a look at a map centered on Western countries."

Zhang Yinghao pointed to a map centered on Western countries and said, "This is called the Middle East, this is the Far East, and this is the Near East. Especially our Far East, which includes our country, North Korea, Japan, and a large area along the west coast of the Pacific. So let me ask you a question: when we talk about the East and the West, which picture do we use as the basis?"

"Our country is the center." "The West's home is the center."

"Haha, that's obvious, it's centered around our country. Last time, when I was talking about our nation and our country, I mentioned that east, south, west, and north are concepts we Chinese have. Take our country, for example. This vast area is all Western countries. Japan is an Eastern country, and it's to the east of our country, so it's called Dongyang. And we generally refer to foreigners vaguely as "Yangren," so that's how we usually call the Japanese Dongyangren. And Nanyang people, and white people are all Westerners.

So in the future, when people talk about the Far East, the Middle East, the West, or Eastern countries, you must have a clear idea in your head, know where they are talking about, and which map they are using as a reference, so as not to make a fool of yourself or be confused about what they are talking about.

In his previous life, Zhang Yinghao didn't learn about the Far East and Middle East until college. The divisions were based on Western countries. Before, he only had a general idea of ​​what these terms meant. It wasn't until he understood the basis for the divisions that he fully grasped them. It was truly difficult. Furthermore, Zhang Yinghao didn't learn this from a textbook; a substitute art teacher explained it, and he found it quite insightful. The globe image you open on WeChat is centered on Western countries. I don't know why it's set that way.

Just like a soldier knows how to fight and kill the enemy, many conceptual things are simply known and unknown. Just like many children from farming families today, they don't even know what fighting means, let alone how to fight with a bayonet or shoot with a gun.

But as long as they are explained and trained, these knowledge can quickly take shape in their minds. This reminded Zhang Yinghao of a story from his previous life.

A People's Pictorial reporter spoke with a shepherd in Xihai, Ningxia. "What do you do with your sheep?"

"Selling money." "What do you do with the money?" "Marrying a wife." "What do you do with a wife?" "Raising children." "What do you do with children?" "Herding sheep."

If a person has self-knowledge, as long as he knows how to herd sheep, being able to do so peacefully for the rest of his life is also a very good choice. In his previous life, Zhang Yinghao must have opposed this shepherd. How can a person not pursue his goals? The world outside is so beautiful, how can he not go out and explore it?

Chapter 134:

But after my rebirth and more experiences, I have a different perspective on this issue. Knowing what one can do and being able to do it well is a very difficult task. A person must know what they can do, but they must also know what they cannot do. Like the shepherd mentioned above, he is undoubtedly a happy person, because he has understood the meaning of his life, perhaps this is where his life's value lies.

If this story of shepherds repeats itself over and over again, it seems quite tragic. However, the reporter deliberately overlooked one question: did the shepherd truly understand the real world? Did he even know about the outside world? The most frightening thing for people is a lack of self-awareness, like Zhang Yinghao in his previous life, living in a muddle-headed state, as anxious as a stray dog, as anxious as a fish that has escaped the net, ultimately achieving nothing.

"Okay, does anyone have any questions about these two maps?" "Teacher, how big is our country? Can you draw it and see for yourself?"

Hearing this question, Zhang Yinghao immediately drew a rough outline of the Golden Rooster map of later generations. Then, he added a dot around Sichuan. Suddenly, he realized something was amiss. Wasn't this a case of selling out the country? Many areas hadn't been lost yet. With just one stroke, he'd lost over a million square kilometers. Who could be so treacherous as him? He quickly added Outer Mongolia and other areas.

"This large area is probably the current territory of the Qing Dynasty. We are probably at the location I pointed to."

Because Zhang Yinghao had added quite a few places, the map he drew was probably of the Qing Dynasty at its most prosperous time. So after he finished speaking, he drew a few times in the northeast and northwest of the map, and circled a few other corners. Then he said, "If you compare the territory of the Qing Dynasty before 1840 with China today, Tsarist Russia occupied more than 1606 million square kilometers of our country in the 19th century. Add to that the territory lost in the southwest, and if you can also count the large area of ​​land east of Lake Baikal that the Qing Dynasty gave up in the Treaty of Nerchinsk, there are at least 50 square kilometers. The land north of the Sayan Mountains that was given up in the Treaty of Kyakhta, that means our territory is about 1400 million square kilometers.

Comrades can find out from history textbooks how the Qing government ceded territory and paid indemnities, losing sovereignty and humiliating the country. I will just cite the loss of territory and briefly talk about it.

The Sino-British Treaty of Nanjing in 1842 ceded Hong Kong;

And now foreigners are still in our capital, Beijing. I wonder what kind of compensation they will get?"

Many of you here have attended these kinds of courses. Not only do you feel indignant every time you hear them now, but you also feel a deep sense of sadness and powerlessness. Even in later China, when taking these courses, every Chinese person would feel humiliated and regretful. In this sad era, amidst the reality of poverty and weakness, we can only struggle to survive. Everything else is just a mirage, a delusion.

"Teacher, is there any way to take back these lands?"

This is the question Zhang Yinghao hears most often in these courses. Yes, since he has traveled through time and space, he naturally has to take it back and not leave too many regrets.

"The solution? It's very simple. It's all about everyone working hard and doing their jobs well. Let more people join us, get involved, do more work, and produce enough weapons. Only then will we have a chance to take back all these lands."

What time is it now? It's the early 20th century, unlike decades later, when atomic bombs loomed over our heads. In today's world, the cost of waging war is low, and the rewards are high. Therefore, in this era, waging war isn't a difficult matter. In fact, you can fight whenever you want. If you try hard enough, you can find an excuse. If you don't, you can always make one yourself.

"Is it that simple?"

"Haha, is it simple? Teacher, I don't think this class is simple at all. If it were simple, there wouldn't be a need for you to attend training so often. Just look at our land revolution. Who knows when it will be completed? How much will it cost to build a factory? How long will it take to get it up and running? How long will it take us to be able to design and build factories independently? Those machine tools, those milling machines, planers, who here understands them? Comrades, it's simple to think about, but it's not easy to do. It will take at least two generations of our efforts to complete these tasks."

"Teacher, when will we overthrow the Qing Dynasty?"

"Haha, are you anxious? We should have a materialistic concept of time and not be anxious. Anxiety will easily lead to mistakes. And this little comrade didn't listen to the class seriously before! I

Why did we overthrow the Qing Dynasty? We just want everyone to live a good life. Whoever stands in our way will be eliminated. If overthrowing the Qing Dynasty cannot make our people live a good life, will another group of people appear in the future to overthrow us? We cannot do such a thing. Moreover, we have been constantly overthrowing the Qing Dynasty, but the Qing Dynasty cannot be overthrown in a day.

"Teacher, when will we be able to liberate all of China?"

"It depends on everyone's efforts. Who knows what will happen? When the people of the whole country want liberation, no reactionary group will be able to stop the tide of history."

This was Zhang Yinghao's sincere words. He truly didn't know when all of China would be liberated. It was also true that when the entire nation desired liberation, no one or organization could stop it. Later, the Kuomintang government boasted an army of eight million and the Americans as its fathers, yet when the people demanded liberation, weren't they ultimately driven to a small island, where they struggled to survive?

"Victory depends on internal factors; external support can only play a facilitating role. Revolution and counter-revolution are a pair of contradictions. As long as we are on the road of revolution, the counter-revolutionaries will be afraid of us and will do more counter-revolutionary things to maintain their rule. What can they do? Just crazy conscription, tax increases, and a reign of terror.

As long as comrades keep their feet on the ground, work steadily and do a good job in the work within our base area, victory will belong to us. We use three magic weapons to analyze other forces.

We must also learn to analyze our own successes and failures. Therefore, we officials should be patient and not be too ambitious. We did not liberate the country by words.

It’s not something you think about, it’s something you do.”

Zhang Yinghao still had a small concern: everyone is mortal, and it was impossible for him to remain immortal since he came into this world. If something were to happen to him, he wouldn't know if his current revolutionary situation could continue. This was a serious issue. If the revolution was solely his own, and others were passively participating in it through him, then his cause would be in serious trouble.

A revolution requires the participation of countless people of noble character and lofty ideals to succeed. Only when countless people work hard can there be success. Zhang Yinghao couldn't possibly investigate this and figure out what to do. So, for now, he could only continue to enlighten and mobilize the masses.

At the same time, Zhang Yinghao also wanted to instill in his comrades the idea of ​​territorial integrity, especially those ceded lands. Even if he really had an accident in the future, there would be comrades who would want to take these lands back.

Zhang Yinghao knew that any regime that didn't stand with the masses wouldn't dare to mobilize them. Even if they did, they wouldn't be able to control the masses. Because once the masses were mobilized, they would inevitably seek their own interests, whether consciously or unconsciously. It's important to understand that the majority of the ruling class doesn't represent the interests of the vast majority of ordinary people. Therefore, once the masses seek their own interests, they inevitably run into irreconcilable conflict with the ruling class.

A regime that fails to represent the interests of the people will be easily overthrown once the masses are mobilized. Just like the later uprisings like the Lebanese Revolution and the Arab Spring, regime change is not a difficult matter. Even the nuclear-armed Soviet Union collapsed without a hitch.

Especially in this era, communication is completely incomparable to that of later generations. Under such circumstances, if we don't actively mobilize the masses, dictatorship is far easier and simpler than democracy. Even after the July 7 Incident, when Chiang Kai-shek was driven out of Nanjing, he discovered that the people of Hunan's rural areas didn't even know it was the Republic of China. They still thought the Qing Dynasty was still in place, and they had no idea he was the president of the Republic of China. How could he fight against the Japanese? How could this work? That's why he went to transform the countryside and launched a rural campaign-style construction campaign.

Moreover, as the times progress, whether it is revolution or rebellion, it will become increasingly difficult for them to succeed, the sufferings endured by the people will only become greater, and the losses will only increase.

Since Zhang Yinghao traveled through time, he usually gets enough sleep. Since there are no electric lights, TVs, mobile phones, etc., he usually goes to bed at 8 or 9 o'clock in the evening, and there is also a nap time at noon. Of course, when necessary, Zhang Yinghao also stays up late to write the articles he needs. However, Zhang Yinghao

It has always been believed that people who don’t know how to arrange rest can’t arrange work, and people who don’t get enough rest will definitely not be in good working condition either.

In his previous life, Zhang Yinghao had suffered from this. He stayed up late to watch TV series and read novels. As a result, he had no energy to work during the day and could not sleep at night.

Many people don't know why they are obese. In fact, if they stay up late a few times, they will generally gain weight. This is because staying up late can cause endocrine disorders and harm the body. The body needs more fat to resist this damage, so most people will gain weight after staying up late.

Of course, Zhang Yinghao was sleeping well now, but many soldiers didn't have such a good environment. While the troops hadn't assembled yet, some of those that had already begun training, and emergency rallies were common at night. Now, Zhang Yinghao lay in bed, listening to the reports from outside after the midnight emergency rallies, followed by the sound of orderly running.

Hearing these voices, Zhang Yinghao felt inexplicably relieved.

Under normal circumstances, they will not train the army anymore. After all, the grassroots personnel have begun to take charge of their own affairs. In particular, some political cadres, in Zhang Yinghao's view, are already very

Passed.

In his past life, speaking skills required specialized training at institutions. Zhang Yinghao had also self-taught in related courses. In reality, people are not stupid. As long as the truth is explained thoroughly, and one understands one's class position and where one stands, then they will naturally know how to speak.

Zhang Yinghao had no idea how much these political cadres he had trained had learned or understood, but at least when they took the exam, they all scored above the passing line. In fact, many of the content on the political exams was similar; as long as they grasped the key points, the rest was free to express themselves.

In his previous life, Zhang Yinghao sold medications for orthopedic conditions like lumbar disc herniation, bone hyperplasia, periostitis, synovitis, cervical spondylosis, and frozen shoulder. He simply latched onto key words like "bone enlargement compressing nerves," "aging with bone aging," and "osteoporosis," then desperately expounded on the serious consequences of the condition, ultimately pushing his own medicine. He, someone with no formal medical background, dared to impersonate an expert and sell drugs after minimal training, and no one questioned him.

Although most of these political cadres had been trained by Zhang Yinghao and had passed the training, and through actual combat drills, they were now becoming increasingly skilled, the incident involving Long Tongxu killing the landlord had revealed that these cadres were still not fully qualified and required further training. For Zhang Yinghao's current unit, the quality of the political cadres directly affected the quality of the soldiers, the cohesion of the unit, and its combat effectiveness, so Zhang Yinghao could not afford to neglect his efforts.

Since the order was issued to expand the base further, many comrades on the front lines have begun to mobilize. Many troops set out in the dead of night, charging towards their pre-determined targets. Battle after battle raged, town after town captured. In each of these battles, the revolutionary army's military prowess was fully demonstrated, and in each of these towns, the revolutionary army's mass base was fully demonstrated.

Chapter 135:

Zhang Yinghao is no longer concerned about the expansion to three prefectures. With the existence of the Military Committee, Zhang Yinghao can just provide any ideas to the committee.

As for the expansion of the base and the speed of expansion, the committee actually already had a predetermined plan, and it would be enough to just follow it roughly.

Before a battle, the General Staff and Logistics Department are the busiest. However, after the phased orders are issued, these departments will become relatively idle. This is when the quality and ability of the most basic combatants are tested. Zhang Yinghao still prefers a task-based command and combat style. In other words, I will only give you combat missions, no matter what method you use, whether it is a surprise attack or a direct attack, as long as you complete the mission.

Just like watching movies in my previous life, the commander only needs to give orders, such as guarding

Stay on a certain high ground for eight hours and block the enemy for a day and a night. Such an order is a task-based order. I don't care about the process, I only care about the result. If I can't do it, I will accept it.

Punishment for doing so.

This method can fully mobilize the subjective initiative of grassroots organization personnel and avoid the situation where the upper-level personnel do not understand the actual situation and give blind orders. Of course, there are still many problems, such as the enemy's reinforcements causing the mission difficulty to suddenly increase.

The terrain has changed and is completely unsuitable for our army. Timely communication and understanding are needed here to avoid commanders issuing wrong orders or tasks due to not understanding the situation.

"Comrades, you've all read our materials. So, analyze why these people succeeded through the lens of our three magic weapons. Remember what our three magic weapons are? Party building, armed struggle, and the united front. Who will analyze the first case, the Qing Dynasty's entry into the Central Plains? Okay, Comrade Huang Jinhao, please do the analysis."

Huang Jinhao is now a regimental-level political commissar in the army. His ancestors were farmers, but after bankruptcy, he took his family to work as laborers at the Chongqing docks. He attended literacy classes at the docks, studied diligently, worked diligently, joined the Communist Party, and was sent to the base for further training before joining the army.

"Chairman, the Manchus were able to conquer the Central Plains from the bitter cold of Northeast China. From the perspective of the three magic weapons you summarized yesterday, I think it is indeed completely reasonable. Let's talk about armed struggle first. The Manchus started their rebellion with armed struggle. We all know that in war, speed is a very important factor in defeating the enemy, and the Manchus are precisely the leaders in cavalry. Two hundred years ago, there were no more than 10,000 Manchu cavalrymen. But with more than 10,000, they are invincible. This is not just a saying.

The Manchu cavalry conquered the Mongol tribes and Korea; this was one aspect of the Qing's armed struggle. Another aspect was the Qing's pursuit of progress. At the time, the most advanced weapon was the Red Cannon, which the Qing acquired through the surrender of Ming Dynasty troops and earned the respect of the Qing nobility. For sieges, the Red Cannon and the Han Eight Banners were used, while for field battles, the Mongol Eight Banners and the Manchu Eight Banners fought with swiftness, making military victory a foreseeable outcome.

Regarding the issue of the united front, Nurhaci immediately slaughtered all local scholars upon his uprising, creating a Manchu-Han conflict. Uneducated peasants had no concept of Manchu or Han, leading to a rapid expansion of the Manchu population. Later, the Mongol and Han banners were established, uniting the Mongols and Han within them. At the same time, they colluded with Ming Dynasty merchants, landlords, and scholars to undermine the Ming dynasty. In this respect, the Manchus were indeed adept at this. Much like the Manchus' current strategy of learning from the barbarians to defeat them, these were all leftovers from their ancestors.

Finally, let's discuss Party building. First, let's discuss ideological development. The initial push to exterminate Han Chinese living outside the Great Wall to the subsequent advocacy of unity between the Manchus and the Han took relatively short time. While upholding the Manchu Qing's privileges, they also appropriately granted power to other ethnic minorities. Regarding organizational development, the Mongol and Han banners, acting as vassal forces to the Manchu banners, established formal central institutions. Almost all important official positions were dual-appointment, with Han officials acting in their place, and Manchu officials acting in their place. Important proposals required Manchu approval, and so on.

The above is the conclusion of my analysis of the Qing Dynasty using these three key tools. Finally, I'd like to say that while the Qing performed reasonably well in terms of armed struggle and the united front, they were a complete mess in terms of Party building. Chairman Mao has long stated that both the Qing Dynasty and previous dynasties controlled the political power by controlling the landlords and gentry. The Qing went a step further than previous dynasties, as they rose to power through bloodshed and slaughter. Countless amounts of bloodshed were inflicted around the central principle of "controlling the Han with the Han." This concludes my response.

"Everyone has heard Comrade Huang Jinhao's answer. Does anyone else want to add anything?"

Zhang Yinghao saw many people raise their hands. It seemed that people who were born in the Qing Dynasty had different understandings of the Qing Dynasty. So he said, "Oh, then Comrade Tian Feng will speak."

"I think Comrade Jin Hao's words are definitely better than mine, so I will tell you my opinion. After Nurhaci started his rebellion, he adopted a policy of universal military service internally and used it externally.

Soldiers, through looting to revitalize the economy of Northeast China. Through the looting and the Eighteenth Fight, those who obtained a lot of wealth, let these people all be eliminated. Now we all know which landlords don't have three years of grain? The Qing Dynasty was through burning, killing and looting.

They plundered, holding official positions and money in one hand and a knife in the other. They lured away those who obeyed the Qing rule and physically eliminated those who disobeyed.

By using both soft and hard tactics, they divided the resistance. Everyone knows that landlords generally don't move easily. They have large families and businesses, and leaving their homeland means starting over. So their choices are either death or surrender. Based on our current experience, surrender is more common.

Everyone laughed when they heard this, but they stopped laughing after a few laughs. After all, among those who were not killed, there might be their ancestors, or their ancestors had also been obedient citizens for more than two hundred years. If we calculate based on an average of twenty years per generation, there were thirteen or fourteen generations living under the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

"As for Comrade Jin Hao's comment just now that the Qing Dynasty's Party building was a mess, I think it's quite the opposite. The Qing Dynasty's Party building in this regard should have been very effective. Otherwise, how could the Qing Dynasty have maintained its rule for more than 200 years? I think the Qing Dynasty grasped the key point here, which is to vigorously promote the so-called unity of Manchus and Han people while oppressing them.

The Qing dynasty possessed a comprehensive administrative system, built over a period of less than 2,000 years, and having already reached its peak, it was difficult to improve further. It could be said that for an agricultural society, the Qing dynasty had reached its peak. And what about ideological development? While vigorously advocating for the unity of the Manchus and the Han, other ethnic minorities were also actively co-opted by the upper class. Therefore, whether Han or other ethnic minority groups, the upper class almost all supported Qing rule. They were the beneficiaries of Qing rule and could be considered a ruling class second only to the Qing imperial family.

Everyone knows that the British Empire colonized the world. So, is its rule stable? According to Chairman Zhang, the British Empire's rule is relatively stable. Its colonial rule relied on oppression and division, and while it was generally oppressive, some individuals benefited and became wealthy. The Qing Dynasty was similar, and it could even be argued that its rule was more stable than the British. After all, we are all connected by land, while the British Empire relied on warships to connect the world's lands.

The Qing Dynasty has ruled us for over two hundred years, almost three hundred. I don't know how many more years the British Empire could rule, but I doubt it could surpass the Qing. Chairman Mao said that if you engage in colonial oppression, you must constantly expand, otherwise you will inevitably decline. Therefore, whether it's the Qing Dynasty or the current British Empire, once they stop expanding their rule, they will inevitably decline, and at a visible speed! That's all I have to say!"

When they heard the word "finished," everyone applauded enthusiastically. Especially when they heard that the Qing Dynasty was on the decline, everyone felt more comfortable and naturally felt happy.

Zhang Yinghao waved his hand and smiled, "Are you all happy to hear Comrade Tian Feng say that the Qing Dynasty is on the decline? What I'm saying is that the decline of reactionaries and oppressors is inevitable. Their demise is only a matter of time. Comrade Tian Feng is absolutely correct in what he said. However, we say that one of the three major styles of our progressive Party members is criticism and self-criticism. Comrade Tian Feng may have made a mistake when he was talking about the British Empire."

I will briefly introduce the British Empire, which lasted from 1588 to the mid-20th century, approximately 370 years. In 1588, Britain defeated the Spanish Armada, marking the establishment of its hegemony.

In 1640, Britain was the first country in the world to experience a bourgeois revolution, becoming a pioneer of the latter. The Glorious Revolution of 1668 established constitutional monarchy. From the second half of the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century, Britain became the first country in the world to complete the Industrial Revolution.

After defeating the Spanish Armada in 1588, Britain gradually replaced Spain.

England became a new hegemonic power at sea and began to expand its overseas colonies. After that, England defeated its strongest rival, the Netherlands, in the Anglo-Dutch War and the Seven Years' War.

and France, seized large colonies of the two countries and established maritime hegemony.

维多利亚时代的大英帝国步入了鼎盛时期,全世界大约4-5亿人――也就是当时全球人口的约四分之—――都是大英帝国的子民,其领土面积则有约3,000万平方公里,是世界陆地总面积的20%，从英伦三岛蔓延到冈比亚、纽芬兰、加拿大、新西兰、澳大利亚、马来亚、香港、新加坡、缅甸、印度、乌干达、肯尼亚、南非、尼日利亚、马耳他以及无数岛屿,地球上的24个时区均有大英帝国的领土，称之为“日不落帝国"。

The British Empire has held global hegemony for over four hundred years, extending its lifespan far beyond that of the Qing Dynasty. Why? I've long said that if a country doesn't expand, it will decline. Just think about it: the British Empire has been expanding for centuries. Why was it able to maintain its hegemony for so long? Why was it able to expand for so long? It's because of its Industrial Revolution. Just think about the factories we've built today. Even the crappiest factories in Britain are better than ours.

Zhang Yinghao continued: "There is a question here. Is the British Empire still in a period of expansion? I told my comrades that it is still in a period of expansion. Isn't it incredible? But this is the fact. This is the power of industry. Otherwise, the army occupying Beijing now would not include the British Empire. Therefore, if there are no special circumstances, the power of the British Empire will continue for a long time and will not change. That is, the power of the British Empire will continue to increase and will not decline.

Let's take a look at the Qing Dynasty. The last period of the Qing Dynasty's expansion was during the reign of Emperor Qianlong in 1775. After the reigns of Emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong, the Qing Dynasty finally destroyed the Dzungar Khanate, unified Xinjiang, and determined the northwestern border. Then what happened? The Qing Dynasty began to maintain its status quo and almost no longer had any achievements in expansion. It stopped expanding until now.

In the past hundred years or so, I have taught you all history, and you all know how far the Qing Dynasty has lost its sovereignty and humiliated the country. Therefore, the decline of the Qing Dynasty is inevitable.

The moment she stopped expanding, she was doomed to decline. Now, the demise of the Qing Dynasty in the near future is inevitable.

Okay, enough digression, let's analyze the second example, which is how Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty unified the country. We will also analyze it from the perspective of our three magic weapons. Who will speak first?

After hearing Zhang Yinghao's words, several comrades immediately raised their hands. Zhang Yinghao then said, "What's wrong with those of you who didn't raise your hands? Have you gone back to prepare? If you don't know how to analyze the lesson after we finish it, you will be punished! This time, squad leader Zhang Zhixuan will analyze it first."

Chapter 136:

"Analyzing the Ming Dynasty from the perspective of the three magic weapons, I will first talk about armed struggle. Zhu Yuanzhang started from humble beginnings, joined the Red Turban Army, and then established his own team. It can be said that Zhu Yuanzhang was based on armed struggle from the very beginning. Zhu Sheng gave Zhu Yuanzhang

The strategic suggestions of Zhu Yuanzhang: building high walls, storing up grain, and slowly claiming the throne are all based on fighting. It can be said that he became emperor entirely through fighting.

As for the issue of the United Front, we have to talk about why Zhu Yuanzhang betrayed the Red Turban Army. As we all know, the Red Turban Army actually represents people like us, including bankrupt farmers, tenant farmers, lumpen proletarians, etc. But from our current situation

This situation clearly shows that if we don't promote construction and distribute land, we will have difficulty mobilizing the common people. Therefore, we must gain the support of the landlords and gentry, otherwise our food supply will be a major problem. The support the landlord class can provide far exceeds the support we can receive from the peasants and tenants. Therefore, it's understandable that Zhu Yuanzhang's united front targeted the landlords and gentry.

Why do I say this? Because later on, Zhu Yuanzhang said that the peasant uprisings of the Ming Dynasty were mobs and evildoers, and he still fought hard to suppress organizations like the White Lotus Sect. Because Zhu Yuanzhang himself clearly understood the destructive nature of these people...

Upon hearing this, the classroom erupted in a clamor, forcing even Zhang Zhixuan to stop speaking. Zhang Yinghao waited for a moment until the noise died down, then said to Zhang Zhixuan, "Continue!"