I am the king of the dead

Chapter 476 The Roots of the Cultural Difference Between Rome and the Ming Dynasty
Why did Hu Wei study about the King of Kings and Lord of Nations?
In fact, the reason is very simple. Your Majesty wants to accept the princess from the Great Qin Kingdom. Hu Yi always needs to study it to stop the mouths of some Fengxian officials.

Inheriting the Tang system, the Lord of Ten Thousand Kingdoms naturally claims the right to Asia Minor and the Balkan Peninsula, so His Majesty intends to restore the territory of the King of Kings and accept a princess from the Great Qin Kingdom, which is what it should be.

Constantinople is at the junction of the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor Peninsula, and the Balkan Peninsula includes most of Greece.

As for whether they really want to attack in the future, that is a matter of the future.

Hu Wei and Nikolaoz continued to drink tea, communicating the differences between things.

According to the great unification and the reincarnation of the five virtues that China has inherited for generations, Zhong Zhengshuo, that is, the orthodoxy of the dynasty, the princess and envoy of the Eastern Roman Empire in front of him is undoubtedly the Zhengshuo of Taixi.

How to quickly and easily understand the foundation of a civilization?

Learn about his family system.

In any civilization, the family is the cornerstone of society. As the smallest unit in society, "family" can fundamentally reflect the social system and status quo at that time.

In Daming's population statistics, it is only calculated by household, not by mouth.

The household is the basic unit of society.

In the documents brought by Nicolaus, the word familia appears repeatedly, which means household in Roman law.

China and Rome are the same in this regard.

Hu Yan took a sip of tea, he was very good at tasting tea, but he was too old to taste the delicate fragrance.He smiled and said, "Da Ming attaches great importance to family."

Nicolaus thought for a while and said, "The same is true for us in Rome. The Twelve Tables Law, also known as Roman Law, is still an excellent law to this day."

"Although the Law of the Twelve Tables was destroyed by the Germanic barbarians, we still have a complete rubbing in Rome, which stipulates the monogamy system in the Law of the Twelve Tables."

The law of the Twelve Tables is Roman law, which is also the key content of the translation.

In the Datong world of the Legalists, what is pursued is to be bound by the law, and everything should be bound by the law.

The Ming Dynasty was conducting great speculation, looking at the legal provisions of the past dynasties, and it was not impossible to read the Roman law.

Hu Wei nodded and said: "This is also the law of etiquette. "Chu Ci Tianwen" said: "Yu's strength contributed to his merits, and he descended to save the land. How can he get the Tushan girl, and pass it on to Taisang, and the concubine Min is the same. Jue body is succession."

"So in China, the official wife system was established before Xia."

What Qu Yuan said in these few sentences is that Dayu had the merits of water control, and got a woman from Tushan Kingdom as Concubine Min, and married him to reproduce.

Hu Mi talked about the marriage law, but this is not Hu Mi's nonsense. For example, in "The Book of Songs Xiaoya Tangdi" it says: "Yi'er's family, Leer's wife's money", is also described in this way.

Mian is the same as "儿", referring to children.

For this reason, in the biography of the Xiongnu, Tai Shigong angered that the Huns were barbarians. There is a saying that: when the father dies, the wife is followed by the stepmother, and the brother dies, all take his wife.

Wang Zhaojun married Hu Hanxie and gave birth to a son. After Hu Hanxie died, Wang Zhaojun cried and begged to return, because the Xiongnu practiced the system of adoptive marriage.

The system of adoptive marriage means that when the father dies, the wives and concubines belong to the son, and if there is no son, they belong to the younger brother.

Wang Zhaojun is a Han Chinese, how can he bear this?Her husband died, so of course Wang Zhaojun asked to return.

But the emperor of the Han Dynasty at that time was Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, and Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty ordered Wang Zhaojun to follow Hu Su. Wang Zhaojun married his stepson, Fuzhu Lidanyu, and gave birth to two daughters.

Perhaps the marriages of the Han and Tang dynasties used princesses to marry and visit the princesses every year to find out the possibility of the barbarians' fictions, but.This is definitely not the case with Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty!

He just used beauties to appease the Huns and prevent them from going south.

Because Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty was addicted to wine and sex, neglected government affairs, the people rose up, the relatives monopolized power, and the artifacts were handed over to others, and they were handed over to the family of the relatives of the Queen Mother Wang Zhengjun.

Wang Mang was able to usurp the Han because the Queen Mother Wang Zhengjun was Wang Mang's aunt.

Wang Mang is a relative.

Wang Zhaojun's marriage was a tragedy caused by the decline of the national power of the Western Han Dynasty from beginning to end.

Monogamy is an important guarantee of patriarchy, and the emergence of the main wife officially confirms the patrilineal inheritance system, which is specifically what Qu Yuan said.

"Ming Law Collection. Bylaws. Household Marriage" stipulates: "If a brother dies and accepts a wife, if a brother dies and adopts a wife, each will be hanged."

If the younger brother takes in his sister-in-law and the older brother takes in his younger siblings, they will all be hanged.

Nicolaus continued: "Cicero once said: There can be no family without power, so according to the provisions of the Twelve Tables, the head of the family has the power to kill any member of the family and the power to distribute property. , have the power to decide on the marriage of their children.”

"It's still the same today."

Hu Wei nodded, then shook his head and said: "China also has this law, monogamy, the same surname not to marry, and the words of the matchmaker ordered by the parents. Zuo Zhuan said: Men and women with the same surname, their births are not born. The meaning of not being a fan is , unhealthy, or congenitally deficient, so at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the same surname was not married for the sake of the health of the children."

"Do parents have the right to kill their own children?"

Nikolaoz nodded and said, "Yes."

Hu Wei finally noticed something abnormal, but he kept his composure and just drank tea. Before communicating with Nikolaoz, Hu Wei once said that what is yours is mine, and what is mine is still mine.

The death of the murderer is a kind of fairness pursued in the law. Although there are many lynchings in various places, the death penalty has been in the hands of the emperor since the Tang Dynasty.

When talking here, Hu Wei discovered that the development trajectories of China and the West diverged.

In Roman law, "father" is more emphasized, while in Zhou rituals, "son" is more emphasized, that is, filial piety.

For example, among the heinous crimes are disobedience and disharmony, disrespect to parents and murdering one's relatives are all heinous crimes.

The patriarchal right in Roman law, to be precise, is the patriarchal right, which is above the law.

This difference in family construction directly leads to the fundamental difference between Chinese and Western cultures.

Because family and country are homogeneous.

The family is a subset of the country, and the family is the basic unit of the country, so the establishment of the family system will be generalized to all aspects of the entire country through an analogy mechanism.

The generalization of the family system is because the family has formed an organizational form, that is, many families and clans.

And various internal and external relations of the organization constitute the etiquette and law of the country.

For example: heaven and earth monarch relative teacher.In the relationship between master and apprentice, the word master means a teacher for a day and a father for life; love life like a son, treat the teacher like a relative; this is the father and son among the master and the disciple.

There is also the relationship between the minister and the emperor, the father of the emperor, and the father of the emperor refers to the son of heaven. From the "Spring and Autumn Annals", although the matter is different, it refers specifically to the emperor as soon as the category begins.

Nikolaos was not a stupid person to be sent to Daming as an envoy of doomsday. He said helplessly, "Hu Shangshu, I respect you because of your frankness."

Hu Yi changed the subject and said with a smile: "I just thought of the bureaucratic system under the bureaucratic system of the Ming Dynasty."

Changing the topic is the instinct of every Ming civil servant. When he doesn't want to talk too much about a certain issue, he throws out another content and continues the discussion.

The bureaucratic bureaucratic system has several characteristics. First, there are clear and formal rules and regulations, similar to the "Emperor Ming Zu Xun", "Da Ming Law", a total of 95 articles, "Constituent Outline and Shi Lei", etc.

Secondly, there is a clear division of labor, stipulating the powers, authority and tasks of each department, and no overstepping or prevarication is allowed.The Six Ministries of the Ming Dynasty, Wenyuan Pavilion, Metropolitan Procuratorate, Imperial Academy, 24 Internal Administration, etc. all have such a division of labor.

The third is a clear hierarchy of power, accepting administrative orders from superiors and administering management to subordinates, a kind of hierarchical power stratification.

The fourth is a clear official relationship. It is not allowed to break the organizational rules because of personal relationships. Wang Zhi was almost impeached and resigned because he illegally besieged the Ship Office of Songjiang Prefecture during the Jiezhen period. It is this clear official relationship.

The fifth is assessment and appointment. Wang Zhi is in charge of the Ministry of Officials.

The sixth is professional and professional career. There are three top candidates in the imperial examination, three top candidates, second top candidates from Jinshi backgrounds, and third top candidates from both Jinshi backgrounds. Rankings are determined according to different imperial examinations, with different prospects.

The top three are generally fantasists, who specially compile fantasies and give banquets for the emperor.

The second class is generally a Beijing official, and the third class is mostly a local official.

Now all the second-class Jinshi and the third-class Jinshi need to go out to be officials, compete on the same stage, and finally get involved in the capital as officials.

"roll".

Bureaucracy is a word formed by Nicolaus from the word "desk" in French and the word "rule" in Roman law, which means a layer-by-layer office system.

"Oh?" Nicolaus was very interested in the bureaucratic system of the Ming Dynasty, his eyes were shining brightly, and Hu Wei naturally had a lot to say.

"The bureaucracy generally exists in the imperial court, localities, government factories, Imperial Academy, academies, and merchants." Seeing that the topic has been successfully changed, Hu Wei began to explain the various bureaucratic systems of the Ming Dynasty.

The imperial examination, the selection of scholars for the country, whether it is Jinshi or Juren, is qualified to be an official. In some remote areas, Juren is already very important.

Hu Wei and Nikolaoz chatted for a long time about the bureaucratic system of Ming Dynasty. He looked at the sky and said helplessly, "Although I really want to chat with you, it's getting late, so I'll leave without further trouble."

Hu Yi took out his light oil lamp, turned the copper knob, and after warming up, he began to increase the firepower. The asbestos glow was quite dazzling, illuminating the entire Huitong hall through the transparent glass.

Brightness is also one of His Majesty's stories. Although there are stories about the fifty acres of Xiangwang's mansion on Jilong Island, it is more beautiful and moving. There are so many stories, but not many.

It is human nature to fear the night and yearn for the light.

"Farewell." Hu Wei lifted his own lantern and walked out of the Huitong Hall.

Nikolaoz looked enviously at the bright lamp, which illuminated the room, and then the room fell into darkness again.

Elena naturally saw Nikolaoz's envy, and said with a smile: "If I enter Tai'an Palace, I will ask His Majesty to bestow a gift from the God of the Sun to the governor."

A light oil lamp, which Elena calls a gift from the God of the Sun.

Because no one explained the principle of the light oil lamp to Elena, Elena could only think it was a gift from the Sun God.

The sun god Apollo is in charge of light.

Nikolaoz shook his head and said, "Da Ming's etiquette is completely different from Roman law. They say that only names and utensils should not be fake people. The gift of the sun god is not so easy to get."

Nikolaoz's guess is correct, Wang Gong factory does not have the ability to mass-produce light oil lamps, because the production is really laborious, most of them are cast by the lost wax method, and then polished by hand to ensure a perfect fit.

For example, the gap between the copper beads of the knob is no more than half a hair.

The emperor of Ming Dynasty was telling stories. Although light oil blow lamps are difficult to make, cotton wick light oil lamps are very simple.

Hu Yi carried the lantern, walked through the streets and alleys, and wandered to Tai'an Palace.

Through talking with Nikolaoz, Hu found the answer to a question.

"See Your Majesty, is Your Majesty safe?" Hu Wei saluted.

"Sit." Zhu Qiyu just put down a memorial, nodded and said, "What's the matter?"

Hu Yan happily extinguished his own lamp, and said with a smile: "Your Majesty, I tasted tea with the envoy of the Great Qin Kingdom, Nikolaoz, and gained a lot. I came to Tai'an Palace to report to Your Majesty."

Your Majesty is still frugal, and there is only one wick for the household department and Tai'an Palace.

"Oh? What is it about?" Zhu Qiyu asked curiously.

Hu Yan smiled and said, "Etiquette."

Zhu Qiyu leaned on the soft rattan chair and asked with a smile: "In Hu Shangshu's eyes, is everything a ritual?"

Hu Wei said very confidently: "People cannot live without the word etiquette. Everything about people is etiquette."

"Let's talk about it, Hu Shangshu has made another big discovery." Zhu Qiyu gave up discussing etiquette and law with Hu Wei. How many people have challenged him, and he will not waste his time.

Hu Wei thought for a long time and said, "Your Majesty, there is something wrong with the bureaucrats of our Ming Dynasty."

Zhu Qiyu sat up straight and said, "That's right, has Hu Shangshu found the root of the problem?"

"Yes." Hu Yan said with a frown, "I have been thinking about this issue all the time. What's wrong with the bureaucrats? Once they are released, they will become chaotic, and if they are controlled, they will die."

As soon as power is released, there will be chaos. To be specific, once power is released, demons, monsters, ghosts and monsters will start to dance wildly. For example, Song Zhang, the Chief Secretary of Fujian Province who has been executed, has aroused millions of people to rise up. This is an example.

To be specific, it is to increase the scale layer by layer, constantly multiplying, constantly expanding the attack area, and then one size fits all, whatever His Majesty wants to control, the officials will directly kill them all, and finally it will be like a pool of stagnant water.

Zhu Qiyu thought for a moment and said: "Emperor Taizu Gao said: The way of the sage king is broad and restrained, and it is not lenient to discard; simple but tactful, not easy to let easy. If it is moderate, there is no harm. Yes. To be lenient and strict."

"Emperor Taizu Gao is very powerful." Hu Wei hurriedly answered, the ancestral methods of the Ming Dynasty all came from Emperor Taizu Gao, so of course Emperor Gao was very powerful.

Hu Wei continued: "Your Majesty, what Emperor Taizu Gao said was from top to bottom. I think the problem lies in the word clan, which is from bottom to top."

Zhu Qiyu knocked on the table and said, "Clan?"

　Ask for a monthly pass...

　　
　
(End of this chapter)