I am the king of the dead

Chapter 477: Bad folk customs, unknown education

Hu Wei looked around and took out a piece of paper, drew a few circles on it and said, "Your Majesty, this is a person, this is a household, this is a clan, this is the world."

"One household has five members. People make up a household. Every household is the most basic thing in the world. All dynasties and dynasties have compiled households and all the people."

"Families gather together to form clans, and clans and clans form the world."

What Hu Wei said is not difficult to understand. Translation is the relationship between an individual and an organization.

The individual is not the basic element of society, but the household or family is, and a family constitutes a clan.

The clan is a kind of organization, the bureaucracy of the bureaucracy is also an organization, and the workshops and colleges are also organizations.

Then there are relationships within the organization. There are contracts, employment, and lease relationships within the organization. There are also relationships between organizations, such as cooperative alliances, antagonistic competitions, and inseparable relationships.

Just as no one can leave the labor of others, organizations are nested in all aspects of life, and no organization can leave other organizations.

Although Hu Wei only drew a few circles, he wrote a few words inside, people, households, clans, and the world.

"Cultivate one's morality, govern one's family, rule the country and bring peace to the world." Hu Wei said excitedly, "Cultivating one's body is a person, regulating one's family is a household, and governing a country is a clan."

"The "Book of Rites" says: After cultivating the body, the family will be in order, the family will be in order, and the country will be governed, and the country will be governed, and then the world will be peaceful."

Guo, the original meaning of the word is bangguo, feudal city.

There is "口" on the outermost surface, indicating the scope and defense of the land, because in the country, there is the force "Ge" to defend the land of the city.

"Zhou Li" notes: The big is called the state, the small is called the country, and the residence of the state is also called the country.Analysis of words also.

Therefore, there is no problem with Hu Wei's interpretation of the state as a clan.

In the book of rites, it emphasizes self-cultivation and family governance, family governance and national governance, and national governance and world peace.

This clearly shows a relationship of social progress, inclusion and inclusion.

Hu Wei continued: "The emphasis on patriarchy in Roman law is ultimately to emphasize that the clan law is greater than the law, and their patriarchal power is above the law!"

"So the clan will be unbreakable and impenetrable, forming a social state in which private rights are paramount."

"Private rights are paramount, everyone does not lose anything, everyone benefits the world, society is loose, and without a skeleton, they can only resort to ghosts and gods."

"So, even the Great Qin State was a polytheistic sect at the beginning. As time went by, it was inevitable to resort to ghosts and gods, and finally in the hands of Theodosius I, the monotheistic sect was officially confirmed."

"Afterwards, Theodosius I divided his two sons into two Great Qin Kingdoms, East and West. The Western Qin was destroyed by the Germanic barbarians, and the Eastern Qin was about to perish at the hands of the Ottomans."

The supremacy of private rights has led to families everywhere, and the relationship between families is dominated by indifference, vendetta, and rivalry.

Therefore, the demise of Western Rome caused the whole of Taixi to fall into an endless night, and killing, blood, disorder, and violence filled the entire Taixi land.

There was a similar period in China. After the chaos of the Three Kingdoms, the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties followed. This was a long period of war.

The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were a completely absurd era, without a trace of beauty.

The result of the great speculation in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is: the military system of Juntianfu.

Hu Wei continued: "It is precisely because patriarchal power is greater than legal power that the Great Qin Kingdom, Western Qin Kingdom, and Eastern Qin Kingdom have never been able to produce bureaucratic bureaucrats."

Zhu Qiyu suddenly thought of the United States in the future, where there is no concept of power rent-seeking at all, and all behaviors that use power for profit are legal.

What Hu said makes sense.

"If Taixi is a typical family system, then Daming is a state where the clan system and bureaucratic management are parallel." Zhu Qiyu nodded and said.

Clans are closely united based on ancestor worship. Any genealogy, if you turn it over, there will be celebrities of past dynasties.

Anyway, climbed up to relatives.

Similar behaviors include Liu Yuan, a Hun who established the Han Dynasty and named Liu Chan as his ancestor.

The family system is based on the patriarchal monopoly of power and close together.

Although there is only one word difference between clan system and family system, it is a world of difference.

The Ming Dynasty emphasized the obligation of the son, that is, filial piety, while the Romans emphasized the father, that is, patriarchal authority, and finally moved towards two different contexts: the clan system and the family system.

"Yes." Hu Zhensheng said: "So, Your Majesty, although it is somewhat inappropriate to trace all problems back to the clan, the source of most of the problems is indeed the clan."

Zhu Qiyu nodded and said, "Well, it makes sense."

If you look at it from a broad perspective, you will find that the power structure of Ming Dynasty is composed of two parts.

The first part is naturally the top-down imperial power, and the one hand is the clan and township power controlled by the gentry from the bottom up. The two operate in parallel and interact with each other.

The gentry waved their flags and shouted, asking the emperor to "rule the world by doing nothing" is to protect their clan and village rights.

The imperial power relies on bureaucratic officials to rule, but these officials themselves are part of the gentry and come from the gentry, so it is not surprising that the emperor's prestige is weak, and all kinds of demons and ghosts dance around.

The relationship between clan system and bureaucracy is reciprocal and parasitic to each other. Although there is opposition, there is also cooperation.

Hu's perspective is very interesting.

When Nicolaus came to Daming with thousands of volumes of books, and when Chinese and Western cultures began to communicate, Hu Wei first saw the etiquette, and found the difference in the operation of the social model from the root.

On the road of exploration, Rome has actually experienced the exploration of bureaucracy and family system, and it is not a simple family system, but patriarchy always overrides legal power, so they need religion, and they need monotheism, and then power and theocracy are closely related combined.

However, in the Ming Dynasty, the clan system and the bureaucracy were paralleled, so there were repeated pulls.

Hu Wei stood up and said emotionally: "Ban Gu's "Hanshu" said: "One pavilion is ten miles away, and the pavilion has a length; ten pavilions and one township are all made by Qin Dynasty."

"The Qin system is to make the people into groups, and the ministers of relatives sit together."

"In the Qin and Han Dynasties, ten families were organized into one Shi, and five families were organized into one army to monitor and report each other. One family broke the law, and ten families were jointly punished."

""Tang Law Shuyi" said: Lizheng and others are in charge of the people. They are the same as Lizheng, and they are familiar with each other. Violation, urge to drive tax service."

"In the Tang Dynasty, a hundred households were a mile, and five miles were a township. Four families were neighbors, and five families were guarantors. Those who live in the city are the workshops, and those who live in the fields are the villages."

"The "Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty" contains: system, edict, book, order, teaching, and talisman. The province of Shangshu is in the state, the state is in the county, and the county is in the township. just."

Zhu Qiyu understood what Hu Wei wanted to express, the importance of building grassroots organizations.

Both the Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties had strict grassroots organizations, and Shang Yang's came up with a law of even sitting, which was the case in Qin and Han Dynasties, and even punished.

However, the Tang Dynasty adopted the Li Township Law, where one hundred households constituted one Li, and five Li constituted one Township.

There were six kinds of official documents in the Tang Dynasty, among which the talismans were specially sent to the county, and the county issued a post to the township chief, Lizheng, and village principal.

Datang imperial power penetrated deep into the village level.

For example, Du Fu's "Shihao Officials" has a description of "throwing into Shihao Village at dusk, and officials arrest people at night", and Du Xunhe also said in "The Widow in the Mountain" that "even if it is deep in the mountains, there should be no way to avoid conscripts", etc. Wait.

The poets of the Tang Dynasty outlined the entire Tang Dynasty in their poems, and the bureaucrats of the Tang Dynasty also described the appearance of the Tang Dynasty in their discussions.

The clan system and bureaucracy spiraled repeatedly in the struggle, and there is no doubt that the imperial power of the Ming Dynasty was always greater than that of the patriarchal family.

Even in the reign of Tianqi and before the ninth year of Chongzhen, Liao's payment could be collected.

From the Qing Dynasty until the Guangxu period, Liao pay was collected, and the name was not changed, just this name.

Will the Qing Dynasty conquer Liaodong by collecting Liao pay?

I ask myself?
In fact, it is not completely that the imperial power is greater than the patriarchal power. In essence, the public power under the great unity is greater than the private power. Zhu Qiyu has a very clear understanding of this.

Zhu Qiyu said with certainty: "In the Ming Dynasty, there were hundreds of households in one mile, and six miles in one township. I appointed commanders to manage the farms. There are three levels of village managers, namely Jiashou, Lizheng and commanders. , has been in operation for five full years.”

And in the hands of the commanding officer, there are still two important forces, one is the military students of the Confucian School of the Weisuo, and the other is the leader of the Volunteer Regiment.

The farm law of Ming Dynasty has been implemented for five years, and it is based on the upgrade of Liu Bowen's military law.

Zhu Qiyu has always wanted to add a female director, but there is no foundation, to be precise, there is no way to realize it, and there is no work to set up a female director.

Labor makes man free.

In the very beginning, the purpose of the Farm Law was to restore the population.

The population of Kyushu, Gyeonggi, and Fujian outside the mountains has been greatly reduced due to military disasters. Zhu Qiyu can only carry out the military and guard law of Emperor Taizu Gao to restore the population.

The high tax of [-]% has not changed from beginning to end.

In the newly established Jing'an Province, the farm law in the Hetao area also restores the population. Qu's family and Wala made it too much.

Later, Zhu Qiyu did not fully push forward the farm law. Instead, except for Shandong, there were some farm laws in official lands in various places.

Hu Wei sat on the stool and said helplessly: "Two capitals and [-] provinces, only Gyeonggi, Fujian, and Jing'an have fully rolled out the farm law. The Shanxi part, Guizhou part, and the rest are small-scale pilot projects."

Zhu Qiyu looked at Hu's slump, and said very precisely: "Hu Shangshu, the farm law is not a panacea, it can only solve the large-scale population decline, and it is very useful to restore the population, but... it will eventually be corrupted. .”

"Distribution according to work is not fair."

"It's too troublesome to explain, but Hu Shangshu still remembers that I asked you to delete the sentence that never changes?"

"There is no universal law in the world, and there is no omnipotent law once and for all."

"There are always different problems at different times, and it is only when problems arise that they are solved."

"Now the clan has appeared, or the contradiction between public power and private power, how to solve it is the problem we have to think about."

Zhu Qiyu never talked about distribution at the Salt and Iron Conference. It is extremely difficult for Zhu Qiyu to explain that distribution according to work is not fair.

However, public power and private power have conflicts, and various demons have appeared. Through the collision of Chinese and Western cultures and Wang Zhi and his own experience, Hu Wei has found the cause of this problem from the root.

So, how to solve it?

"At this stage, it is impossible to eliminate the clan." Zhu Qiyu reminded Hu Wei.

The reason why the clan cannot be eliminated is simple, because the Ming Dynasty cannot eliminate the emperor at this stage.

Old Zhu's family is the largest clan in the world, and Zhu Qiyu himself is Da Zongzheng.

If Hu Wei wanted to completely eliminate the clan, he had to eliminate the emperor first.

This is not because Zhu Qiyu is greedy for the throne, but because of the current productivity, it is impossible to eliminate the clan system.

Unless Zhu Qiyu can rub controllable nuclear fusion with his hands, even if he can rub controllable nuclear fusion with his hands, he can really realize what Mozi constructed: "You love me, I love you. As one's own wealth, do human beings live in a world of great harmony amidst the sound of love?
Zhu Qiyu holds a conservative and pessimistic attitude. Of course, some people believe it and some people don't. Zhu Qiyu just doesn't believe in human nature.

Zhu Qiyu's ruling philosophy has always been very realistic, the people are the foundation of the country, the foundation is solid and the country is stable, and the ruling is based on the living beings for the benefit of the people.

"The bureaucrats in the bureaucracy come from the clan, so can we work hard on the imperial examination system?" Hu Wei put forward his own ideas.

Zhu Qiyu thought for a while and said, "Be specific."

Hu Wei was silent for a long time, and after a long time of thinking, he opened his mouth and said: "Abolish private schools and set up government schools. At least the education of scholars should be in the hands of the court, instead of scholars carrying ten pieces of meat around to learn from teachers."

Ten pieces of meat are called Shuxiu, which is a teacher's gift.

"Guozijian set up sub-supervisors in the three divisions of the provinces, which were owned by the public, and taught mathematics by division of disciplines."

"It would be even better if we could organize the sociology of the world in those days."

"The folk customs are not good, and the education is not clear."

Longing arose in Hu Wei's heart. In the eighth year of Hongwu Emperor Taizu Gao ordered the establishment of social schools in various places, invited teachers and Confucians to teach folk children, and stipulated that folk children under the age of 15 should be sent to study in social schools.

Hu Wei grew up studying social studies, and because of his good studies, he was awarded the status of a scholar without being tested for children.

In the Hongwu period, he was elected in the middle school, and in the second year of Jianwen, he was a Jinshi.

As a minister of the Ministry of Rites, he believes that the bad customs of the people are all due to unclear education.

Zhu Qiyu looked at his lamp and said helplessly, "The court has no money."

"Even if only scholars from all over the country are brought into the government schools, Lin Xiu, the eunuch of the inner carrier warehouse, needs 300 million silver coins every year. This is not a one-year investment, but a ten-year or one-hundred-year investment."

"And with the increase in the number of people and the bloated bureaucracy, the investment in government schools will continue to increase."

"That's not counting construction costs."

"If it is really necessary to pick up sociology from various places and bring them under the jurisdiction of the imperial court, then...it is not as simple as 300 million silver coins."

3000?
Lin Xiu didn't count, and neither did Zhu Qiyu. The main reason is population growth, which will inevitably bring investment in education.

"Your Majesty, enlightenment is also the law of etiquette, which is what the court should have." Hu Wei said a little excitedly.

It is very expensive to maintain an imperial court, and Li Xian has a deep understanding of this. Li Xian once made a calculation when he was an official in the imperial court.

Even if Shaanxi and Liaodong are barren and not very prosperous places, maintaining a court requires at least 600 million silver coins or the equivalent in kind.

"Would you like to stop suffering and become rich and rich?" Zhu Qiyu thought for a while and said.

　The words of Wu Gu Gu's family, everyone can see that it is mainly to promote the reform of the education side of Daming.Ask for a monthly pass!

　　
　
(End of this chapter)