The end of the Ming Dynasty swept the world

Chapter 811

Those who have been excellent for three consecutive years can be promoted exceptionally, those who are outstanding once every five years can be promoted normally, and those who have passed five years can be promoted.

If two out of five years are unqualified, they will be demoted, and if they are unqualified for three years, they will be dismissed.

In this way of evaluation, the so-called personnel rights of local officials are actually the same as the emperor Ding Yi.

The same is true for the local governors, who directly assess the various indicators of the province by the central\central ministries.

Generals also need to be assessed.

"Shandong Province, in my hands, has an annual tax of 350 million yuan and 200 million yuan in tax and grain."

"I'm handing it over to Cai Maode now. If you pay 200 million yuan in taxes and 100 million yuan in taxes and grains every year, you must be unqualified."

"Of course, food production is affected by the weather. If the people lose their harvest, consumption will also decrease. Therefore, it can be adjusted up and down according to natural disasters."

Ding Yi has just established the country and proclaimed himself emperor. All assessments are still based on data. First, let the court operate normally and have enough income to spend.

In the next five years, we will comprehensively assess the people's livelihood, pay attention to the voice of the people, and encourage the people to come to Beijing to file an imperial petition.

If he wants to accept the imperial complaint now, the gentry and landlords below will come to the capital like a flood, and all of them will sue him, the emperor.

After hearing this, the ministers all became serious.

Ding Yi seems to be delegating power, but the assessment is strict. In fact, no one has power. All power lies in your performance as an official.

In fact, all dynasties in history have assessed officials, but they have never been as detailed as Ding Yi's.

Each province, each prefecture, and each county of Ding Yi has to formulate corresponding farmland tax and commercial tax based on the basic population and number of fields. There are even regulations on how many schools, students, and doctors there are.

The number of local conscription is also determined every year.

The examination was so detailed that the officials who were present for a short time couldn't finish it, and the more they read it, the more frightened they became.

"Look at these things carefully. Everyone has to read them. After reading them, put them down and don't take them away."

"Then if there is any doubt or something that feels inappropriate, everyone will raise it and correct it together."

Ding Yi gave each of them almost a stack of materials, all of which were the reform materials, and it took them a long time to read them.

At the moment, everyone stopped talking and looked down carefully.

Written at the top, of course, are some of the more important reforms.

For example, Ding Yi learned from the Qing Dynasty that "Tan Ding Ru Mu" is also called Tan Ding Rudi, and the land Ding is one.

This policy was originally implemented during the Yongzheng period.The implementation of this system reduced the economic burden of landless and landless farmers and promoted population growth.Laborers have greater personal freedom, which is conducive to social and economic development.The simplification of tax rules reduces the possibility of arbitrary tax increases by the government.

The implementation of dividing Ding Ding into mu directly led to the explosive growth of China's population. From the sixth year of Qianlong (AD 1741) the population exceeded 1 million, to the 57th year of Qianlong (AD 1792) exceeded 3 million, and then to the 14th year of Daoguang (AD 1834) 4) the national population exceeded 40 million, accounting for more than 1830% of the world's population (the world's population was 10 billion in [-]), laying the foundation for China's populous country.

In the Ming Dynasty, Dingyin, together with Lijia, Junyi and other four kinds of silver, were requisitioned by local officials and were not handed over to the central/central government of the Ming Dynasty. In fact, most of this income fell into the private pockets of officials.In the central government of the Ming Dynasty, there were no statistics on the national Dingyin, only the total number of Ding households. In terms of administration and policy formulation, the central government did not involve the handling of Dingyin and how to control it.

Ding Yi's lands under his control in Shandong Province are all taxed and grained according to the number of acres of land, and no money is collected, which is different from the Ming Dynasty.

Ding Yi's own method is actually the Qing Dynasty's smuggling into the mu, but what the Qing Dynasty received was Ding Yin, and what Ding Yi received was grain.

Moreover, Ding Yi was a little more ruthless than the Qing Dynasty when he was harvested in the provinces of Shandong.

In the Qing Dynasty, every ding (an adult labor force) under ten mu was two cents per mu.

Assuming a family of five, with two adult laborers, it is about four cents per mu, and four cents per mu.

Four coins and silver In the Ming Dynasty, even when the price of grain was as low as one stone and one tael of silver, it was only four buckets of grain.

However, Ding Yi harvested [-]% of grain for less than [-] mu. Based on the output of [-] shi per mu, [-] shi of ten mu, [-]% of grain was [-] shi of grain.

Therefore, Ding Yi's taxation on the surface is ten times that of the Qing Dynasty.However, in the Qing Dynasty, Ding Ding Mu was based on "Ding", while Ding Yi was based on fields, and the tax collectors were different.

For example, in the Qing Dynasty, a family of five had two adults with ten acres of land, that is, two dings, and the tax was calculated as two dings times ten mus. On Ding Yi’s side, a family of five with only ten acres of land was still counted as ten acres of land. .

Compared with the whole, it must not be ten times. Of course, Ding Yi's tax is indeed a bit heavier than that of the Qing Dynasty. This is also the foundation for him to have a large amount of food in the early stage, supporting him to sweep the world.

The reason why he collects taxes and grains is different from the silver collections in the Qing Dynasty. In the late Ming Dynasty, grain was scarce and silver was not in circulation. A large amount of silver was hidden in the underground kilns of the rich, so Ding Yi mainly collected taxes on grain.

Now that the world is peaceful, Ding Yi still collects business tax, so he decided to correct the tax rate to reduce the pressure on the people.

The same is divided into mu. According to the Qing Dynasty, "Ding" was used as the main tax collector, and the national unified standard was [-]% for less than [-] mu.

The tax rate has dropped from [-]% to [-]%, which is a full tenfold reduction. In this way, the tax rate for the people with less land is very low.

From [-] mu to [-] mu, [-]% per cent.

From 31 mu to [-] mu, [-]% per cent.

From 61 mu to [-] mu, [-]% per cent.

More than [-] mu, [-]% per fen.

More than [-] mu, [-]% per cent.

In addition, if someone in the family is a soldier, he will be exempted for three years.

Judging from the actual statistics of the Qing Dynasty, at that time the land under 80.00 mu accounted for about [-]%, and this part was the main taxpayer.

Seeing this, Chen Youfu was the first to raise an objection: "The emperor is benevolent and considerate of the common people, but the direct tax drop is ten times lower than that in places like Dayuan in Jeju, Shandong?"

"But the emperor recruited troops everywhere and increased officials. The whole country will add millions of officials and hundreds of thousands of soldiers and horses within a year. Are these taxes and food enough?"

This is what all officials in Dongjiang Town are worried about.

Ding Yi's big tax cuts are good intentions, but will the grain received be enough?
Ding Yi thought for a while, and could only continue to use data to speak: "According to the statistics of the Ming court in 1502, the number was 835.7 million hectares. Up to now, there are only more than this number in the whole country."

"After we entered the capital, we have already recruited troops in various places, hoarded fields, and counted the number of grain fields."

"After confiscating all the royal family farms, clan fields, and a large number of rebellious gentry landlords, I estimate that by next spring, the real data for the whole country will be available. From the current aggregated data, there will be at least 900 million to 1000 million hectares. "

Du Ruhai, Secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture, said at this time: "Except for Yunnan, Annan, Guangxi, and Guizhou, the statistics are still underway. At present, there are 910 million hectares."

Ding Yi laughed: "Then there will be at least 200 million hectares."

The Ming army captured Annan, plus Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou. In the future, the land will be reformed and returned. There must be more and more fields.

The Qing Dynasty reformed Guangxi, Guizhou and other places, abolished the chieftain system, and re-measured farmland. As I said before, several places actually produced the number of fields in nearly a province.

Now that Ding Yi has just pacified the world, the next step must be to learn from the Manchu Qing Dynasty to reform the Tuguiliu and abolish the Tusi. Not to mention that there are still Tusi in Yunnan, which is another good excuse.

"Assuming 1000 million hectares in the whole country, one billion mu."

"In addition to the promotion of our sweet potatoes, corn, and potatoes, the annual output is expected to reach three stones, which is now calculated as two stones."

"The average tax collection is based on the minimum 4000%, and [-] million shi can be collected."

Ding Yi's current financial support population is about 100 million troops plus 100 million officials, but the 100 million officials have not yet been fully in place, and it is estimated that they will be in place in two to three years.

These 200 million people can eat 500 million stone grains a year, which is not bad. Adding capital, the last time I calculated, it was only 6000 to [-] million stone.

Moreover, Ding Yi will be paid mainly in silver in the future, and the food will be mainly used to stabilize food prices in various places so that ordinary people can afford it.

In addition, he will start to collect business tax next year, which is enough to cover wages, and food tax can be saved for his own use.

"4000 million shi?" Several officials of the Ming Dynasty during the Chongzhen period were dumbfounded, obviously a little bit in disbelief.

"We in Shandong had more than 200 million shi last year. Is 4000 million too much?" Du Ru said proudly.

Of course, Ding Yi is now calculated according to the maximum number. Now that the world has just been settled, and Ding Yi's local construction has just started, today the whole country can have 1000 million shi in tax revenue. It is considered a success.

Even if there are only 1000 million stones, it is enough to support his 100 million troops and 100 million officials.

And the wages of these 200 million people now depend on half of the grain tax and half of the commercial tax.

In the future, it will be possible to pay all grain taxes instead of commercial taxes.

The officials of Dongjiang Town had another idea. Mr. Ding reduced the tax from [-]% of Dongjiang Town to [-]%, which is a tenfold reduction. How can he still raise so much tax?How dark was Master Nading when he was in Dongjiang Town?Is it darker than the Ming Dynasty?

Ding Yi can collect such a high tax in Dongjiang Town and Shandong. Firstly, he farms well. Second, his fields are hoarded and robbed by himself. He doesn’t want to give money to the people. willing.

On the surface, the taxes collected by the Ming Dynasty were low, but in fact there were various types of tax increases, so not only were they higher than Ding Yi's, but they were also unable to collect them.

"Your Majesty, do we need 100 million officials in the whole country?" Zhang Xin, Minister of the Ministry of Officials, couldn't believe it. He also raised objections to the fact that so many officials are needed now.

Forget about a million troops. Originally, the Ming Dynasty had so many officers and troops, although they could not fight many.

"Five hundred officials in each county, one thousand in each prefecture, plus officials from various bureaus, the number is indeed far more than that of the previous Ming Dynasty, but the increase of so many officials is to better control villages, towns and counties, and a large number of people come to the court to handle affairs. Many grassroots matters need to be handled by people." Ding Yi said slowly: "During the Ming Dynasty, there were about [-] counties in the country."

"Five hundred for each county is about 70 people. The California government and Beijing officials, and other officials, a million people are just right. There may be more people in the future, in the name of the imperial examination."

The implication is that 100 million may not be enough.

"The officials in the county also need to go deep into the villages, handle affairs in the townships, and publicize the policies and will of the imperial court for the imperial court, including the current survey of farmland and the collection of business taxes. These are all officials who are doing it. They are collecting tax money for us, and It is uploaded and issued, a bridge connecting the center of the imperial court and the countryside, it is indispensable."

(End of this chapter)