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Han Fu, Tang poetry, Song lyrics, Yuan opera, Ming and Qing novels.

Fu is the most important literary style in the Han Dynasty. Sima Xiangru is recognized as the founder of Han Fu and is known as the Saint of Fu.

Although more than two thousand years have passed since Sima Xiangru's death, he has always enjoyed a high reputation in literary history and has had a profound influence.

Lu Xun once said that among the literati during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han, Sima Xiangru was the best at writing fu, and Sima Qian was the best at writing prose.

This sentence elevated Sima Xiangru to a very high status, that is, Lu Xun believed that Sima Xiangru's literary achievements could be compared with Sima Qian.

"Sima Xiangru, courtesy name Changqing, was from Chengdu, Shu Prefecture."

"Since he was young, Sima Xiangru loved reading and practiced swordsmanship."

"His parents called him Dog Son because of this, but he didn't like the name."

"After he grew up and graduated, he admired Lin Xiangru very much, so he changed his name to Sima Xiangru."

"Initially, Sima Xiangru used his family's wealth to seek an official position for himself and served as a palace attendant to Emperor Jing of Han."

"However, Sima Xiangru had no interest in this, and Emperor Jing of Han did not like poetry, so he did not appreciate his talent."

"At this time, the King of Liang came to see Emperor Jing of Han, and there were many eloquent and knowledgeable scholars who came to lobby him."

"Sima Xiangru got along very well with them, so he resigned from his post due to illness and went to Liang State with them."

"When Sima Xiangru was in Liang State, he discussed academic matters with scholars and spent several years in this kind of reading and socializing life, and wrote Zixu Fu."

"After King Liang died, Sima Xiangru had no choice but to return to his home."

"However, his family had fallen into decline and poverty, and he had no occupation to support himself."

"It just so happened that Sima Xiangru got along very well with Wang Ji, the magistrate of Linqiong County, so the magistrate invited Sima Xiangru to be a guest at Zhuo Wangsun's house."

"When County Magistrate Wang Ji arrived, there were already hundreds of guests, and Sima Xiangru had not yet arrived."

"At noon, Zhuo Wangsun sent someone to invite him, but Sima Xiangru said he was ill and refused to come."

"Finally, County Magistrate Wang Ji saw that Sima Xiangru had not yet arrived and dared not eat, so he went to greet him in person, and Sima Xiangru reluctantly came to Zhuo's house."

"When Sima Xiangru arrived, all the guests were amazed by his elegance and grace."

"When the banquet started, everyone toasted and drank."

"When he was in high spirits, the county magistrate Wang Ji came forward, gave him a zither, and asked him to play a song to help him get drunk."

"It happened that Zhuo Wangsun's daughter Zhuo Wenjun had just become a widow, and she also loved music."

"When Sima Xiangru first came to Linqiong County, Zhuo Wenjun heard from others that he was handsome and talented in writing."

"Now that Sima Xiangru was visiting her home, Zhuo Wenjun seized the opportunity to peek behind the screen."

"However, this scene happened to be seen by Sima Xiangru, and Zhuo Wenjun fled in panic."

"Sima Xiangru was mesmerized by Zhuo Wenjun's beauty at first sight."

"In order to express his feelings, Sima Xiangru played the song "The Phoenix Seeks the Phoenix", and in the sound of the piano he secretly expressed his love for Zhuo Wenjun."

"At this time, Zhuo Wenjun heard the love-making in the music, so she hid behind the window and peeked."

"I saw Sima Xiangru's graceful manners and elegant demeanor. The more I watched him, the more I loved him. The more I listened to him, the more I liked him."

"On the one hand, I'm afraid that I'm not worthy of him, and on the other hand, I'm afraid that he doesn't know my feelings."

"After the banquet, Sima Xiangru paid a large sum of money to ask Zhuo Wenjun's waiter to express his love on his behalf."

"When Zhuo Wenjun found out, she fled from home overnight and eloped with Sima Xiangru to Chengdu."

"However, when I arrived at Sima Xiangru's house, I found that his house was bare and empty."

"Zhuo Wangsun was very angry when he found out about this. Although he felt sorry for his daughter, he did not help her."

"Afterwards, they returned to Linqiong County, but none of Zhuo Wenjun's father and brothers were willing to help them."

"Finally Sima Xiangru sold all his belongings and bought a hotel to start a wine business."

"Zhuo Wangsun gradually accepted the matter after being persuaded by others, and gave Zhuo Wenjun 100 servants and 1 million yuan."

"Zhuo Wenjun and Sima Xiangru returned to Chengdu again, bought land and houses, and became wealthy in a short time."

Li Shimin: Sima Xiangru used stealing his wife as a means of robbing money. Their love story was nothing but a scam.

The story of Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun was widely circulated in the Han Dynasty.

The talented man and the beautiful woman fell in love at first sight and eloped overnight. It was bold and romantic, satisfying the fantasies of countless men and women about love.

However, if we uncover the mysterious corner of history, we will find that this love that has been passed down through the ages is full of calculations and deception.

Sima Xiangru was a man of great talent and learning, but he lived a very miserable life in his early years.

Emperor Jing of Han did not like poetry and songs, thinking that they were of little use in governing the country.

Sima Xiangru wanted to be appreciated and valued for his talent, but he never had the opportunity.

Later, King Liu Wu of Liang came to the capital, and with him came several masters of poetry and prose.

Sima Xiangru shared similar interests with these people and had a very pleasant conversation with them.

Therefore, Sima Xiangru resigned from his position as a palace attendant in the reign of Emperor Jingdi on the grounds of illness and followed the King of Liang to the State of Liang.

King Liang particularly appreciated Sima Xiangru and gave him the highest courtesy.

During this period, Sima Xiangru created the famous "Zixu Fu" and became famous.

But the good times did not last long, as King Liang died of illness.

Sima Xiangru lost his support and had to leave Liangdi and return to his hometown Chengdu.

The desire to serve the country became empty talk, and even livelihood became a problem.

Just at this time, Sima Xiangru's good friend, Linqiong County Magistrate Wang Ji, invited Sima Xiangru to Linqiong.

After Sima Xiangru arrived, Wang Ji settled him in an inn.

Wang Ji visited Sima Xiangru every day. At first, Sima Xiangru treated him with courtesy.

Later, when Wang Ji came to visit, Sima Xiangru always refused.

The more Sima Xiangru refused, the more respectful Wang Ji's attitude became, and he still visited him every day.

Soon, the news spread throughout the streets and alleys, and everyone in Linqiong knew about it.

A handsome and talented man came to the county and was treated as a guest of honor by the county magistrate.

The county magistrate came to visit every day, but people avoided him.

This aroused people's curiosity. Who was this great talent that made the county magistrate so eager to marry him? Everyone in Linqiong wanted to see his face.

But the truth is, these two people are acting.

A down-and-out scholar, unable to make a living, turned to his relatives and friends for help, but they were not only ungrateful but also so arrogant.

And the friend was not angry, he was still respectful and went to the reception every day happily to be rejected.

The two men performed so painstakingly just to create momentum; they were waiting for the fish to take the bait.

Soon, Sima Xiangru attracted the attention of Zhuo Wangsun, a wealthy man in Linqiong County.

Zhuo Wangsun sent out hundreds of invitations and held a grand banquet, inviting all the important people in Linqiong County.

On the day of the banquet, hundreds of guests arrived.

But until noon, Sima Xiangru did not show up, which whetted everyone's appetite.

Finally, Wang Ji went to invite him personally.

Sima Xiangru repeatedly declined, but was forced to come reluctantly because of the invitation.

As soon as Sima Xiangru arrived, all the guests were amazed.

This legendary figure was indeed extraordinary, with great talent and extraordinary bearing.

Sima Xiangru deliberately pretended that he was unwilling to attend the banquet.

He pretended to be mysterious and only appeared after being called for a long time, which showed that he had other intentions.

When they were half drunk, Wang Ji respectfully presented a zither to Sima Xiangru.

Sima Xiangru could not resist Wang Ji's invitation and played "The Phoenix Seeks the Phoenix" while drunk.

This piece of music was not so much played for the guests as it was meant to convey a special meaning.

No one knows whether other people understood it or not, but this song touched the heartstrings of one person, and that person was Zhuo Wenjun.

It was generally public information that Zhuo Wenjun was beautiful, came from a wealthy family, was proficient in music, and was a widow.

The love expressed in Sima Xiangru's song gave her restless love a place to rest.

Zhuo Wenjun had heard about such a big scene at home a long time ago.

She hid behind the door and peeked in. Seeing Sima Xiangru's handsome appearance, she admired him very much and was afraid that she was not worthy of him.

After the banquet, Sima Xiangru spent a large sum of money to bribe Zhuo Wenjun's maid and expressed his love for Zhuo Wenjun.

At this time, Zhuo Wenjun was immersed in a beautiful vision of love. She was ecstatic when she heard that the person she admired also fell in love with her.

She risked her life and escaped from home overnight, running to the inn where Sima Xiangru was staying.

Sima Xiangru was very happy when he saw Zhuo Wenjun coming. He took her away from Linqiong overnight and returned to his hometown in Chengdu.

Zhuo Wenjun was determined to do her best for love, but Sima Xiangru used love as a cover to pursue ulterior motives.

Rather than love, Sima Xiangru was more interested in the huge fortune behind Zhuo Wenjun.

After returning to Chengdu, Zhuo Wenjun found that Sima Xiangru was penniless.

After the passion of love, the mind that was infatuated with love gradually becomes clear.

Faced with the hardships and difficulties of life, the two had to make ends meet by selling their fur clothes.

Zhuo Wenjun grew up in a wealthy family and could not get used to the life in poverty.

Sima Xiangru sold his carriage and horses and came to Linqiong with Zhuo Wenjun.

Zhuo Wangsun was greatly angered by the elopement of Zhuo Wenjun and Sima Xiangru. He was unwilling to give Zhuo Wenjun a penny and wanted to severely punish his willful daughter.

Zhuo Wenjun also had a strong personality. She and Sima Xiangru opened a small pub.

Zhuo Wenjun sold wine herself, while Sima Xiangru wore a big apron and did odd jobs with the guys.

This incident soon became a topic of conversation among people, and Zhuo Wangsun was so embarrassed that he didn't even dare to leave the house.

Later, I couldn't bear to lose face and my relatives and friends persuaded me otherwise.

Zhuo Wangsun gave Zhuo Wenjun a hundred servants and one million coins.

After getting the money, Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun immediately closed the tavern and returned to Chengdu to buy fields and land.

Sima Xiangru took advantage of the marriage in the name of love.

With Zhuo Wenjun's intelligence, she was able to guess something about Sima Xiangru's family background after seeing it.

It’s just that sometimes, women who fall in love tend to lose themselves easily.

"After Emperor Wu of Han ascended the throne, he read Zixu Fu one day and thought it was well written and praised it highly." "Emperor Wu of Han learned that the author of this fu was still alive, so he asked someone to summon Sima Xiangru to Chang'an for questioning."

"After Sima Xiangru met Emperor Wu of Han, he knew this was his chance, so he wrote an article with gorgeous rhetoric and brilliant literary talent, "Shanglin Fu."

"Emperor Wu of Han was very pleased when he saw it, and immediately appointed Sima Xiangru as a palace attendant."

"Sima Xiangru served as a palace official for several years, just in time for Emperor Wu of Han to capture and open up Yelang and the southwest region."

"General Tang Meng acted cruelly, and the people of Bashu were shocked and panicked."

"When Emperor Wu of Han heard about this, he sent Sima Xiangru to reprimand Tang Meng and appease the people of Bashu."

"After Sima Xiangru arrived, he posted the "Yu Bashu Edict" and appealed to the people's emotions and reason, successfully pacifying the people."

"Sima Xiangru returned to the capital after completing his mission and reported to Emperor Wu of Han."

"The Emperor asked him about the affairs of the Han dynasty's vassal states, and Sima Xiangru's answer was very much to the Emperor's liking."

"So he appointed Sima Xiangru as the General of the Central Army and ordered him to go on a diplomatic mission with a special envoy."

"When Sima Xiangru arrived in Shu County, the governor and other officials of Shu County personally went to the suburbs to welcome him."

“He arrived in the southwestern borderland at a time when local ethnic minority tribes were dissatisfied with the previous rulers and were ready to erupt in conflict at any time.”

"Sima Xiangru drafted a proclamation for this purpose, making it clear that the previous policies did not represent the emperor's wishes, and that the emperor had always been concerned about their livelihood."

“This announcement gradually spread to various tribes, causing resentment among the people.”

"Next, he conducted a series of persuasion efforts, using both favors and pressure."

"Through hard work, we succeeded in getting the tribes to submit to the Han Dynasty."

"Sima Xiangru then organized local people to build roads and bridges all the way to the border."

"Finally Sima Xiangru succeeded in pacifying the Southwestern Yi, and Emperor Wu of Han was particularly pleased with this."

"When Sima Xiangru was sent as an envoy to the Southwestern Yi, most of the elders in Shu County said that it was useless to open up the Southwestern Yi, and some ministers in the court also thought so."

"So Sima Xiangru wrote an article titled "Questions for the Elders of Shu" in the voice of the elders of Shu County to question the other party."

"Explain the significance of opening up the Southwest Yi, and use this to remonstrate with the emperor."

"And use this to publicize the original purpose of my mission, so that the people can understand the emperor's intentions."

"Emperor Wu of Han was impressed by Sima Xiangru's brilliant arguments and thorough reasoning in his writings."

"After Sima Xiangru pacified the Southwestern Yi, Emperor Wu of Han placed great value on him."

"This aroused the jealousy of others, and some people wrote to the emperor saying that Sima Xiangru accepted bribes when he was on a diplomatic mission."

"Sima Xiangru lost his job because of this and stayed at home for more than a year before he was recalled by the court to serve as a palace official."

Su Shi: Among the literati during the time of Emperor Wu of Han, Sima Qian was the best at writing, and Sima Xiangru was the best at composing fu.

Sima Xiangru's most famous Han Dynasty fu are "Zixu Fu" and "Shanglin Fu".

"Zixu Fu" is about Mr. Zixu from the State of Chu who was sent as an envoy to the State of Qi. Zixu told Mr. Wuyou about his hunting trip with the King of Qi.

When the King of Qi asked about the State of Chu, Zixu tried his best to describe the vastness and richness of Chu, as if Yunmeng was just a small corner of its back garden.

Wu You was dissatisfied, and began to look down on Zixu by using the sea and famous mountains of Qi.

The main significance is that through this exaggerated description of momentum, it expresses the powerful momentum and majestic spirit of the Han Dynasty.

It not only praises the image of a unified empire, but also satirizes and admonishes Emperor Wu of Han, thus creating a basic theme for the great fu of the Han Dynasty.

Sima Xiangru's "Zixu Fu" was written in the context of traveling from the capital to the vassal states, which is somewhat similar to Mr. Zixu's identity as an envoy.

It takes considerable courage to implicitly criticize the princes represented by King Liang for their usurpation of the state system.

In addition to implicit sarcasm, he was also admonishing and warning King Liang. At the same time, it can be seen that Sima Xiangru was optimistic about the historical trend of great unification.

When Emperor Wu of Han read "Zixu Fu", he was very amazed and summoned Sima Xiangru.

Sima Xiangru admitted that he was indeed the author of the fu, but humbly stated that the fu only involved the affairs of the princes and was not worthy of the emperor's personal reading.

He then took the initiative to express his willingness to compose a fu about hunting for Emperor Wu of Han to show his sincerity.

Not long after, Sima Xiangru completed "Shanglin Fu" and presented it to Emperor Wu of Han.

This fu poem is set in Shanglin Garden and describes the grand scene of Emperor Wu of Han's hunting. The language is gorgeous and the words are exquisite, but it also exposes the emperor's extravagance and exaggeration.

In this fu, Sima Xiangru cleverly created the fictional character Zixu to praise the magnificent scenery of the State of Chu.

He also created Mr. Wu You to represent the State of Qi in order to mock the ignorance and recklessness of the State of Chu.

The most important thing is that the role of Wu Shigong was arranged.

Wu Shigong represented the emperor's attitude and judged the words of Zixu and Wuyou, ultimately achieving the goal of persuading the emperor to be frugal.

After reading it, Emperor Wu of Han was very pleased. He appreciated Sima Xiangru's literary talent and appointed him as a palace attendant.

"After Sima Xiangru married Zhuo Wenjun, his family became wealthy."

"Even when he was in office, he refused to participate in the discussions of state affairs among the ministers. Instead, he often stayed at home under the pretext of illness and did not pursue fame, wealth or official positions."

"He often went hunting with Emperor Wu of Han, who loved to kill bears and wild boars, chasing wild animals on horseback."

"Sima Xiangru therefore submitted a memorial to the emperor to give him advice. After reading it, Emperor Wu of Han not only did not get angry but also praised him."

"Later, Sima Xiangru was appointed as the magistrate of the mausoleum of Emperor Wu of Han, and presented his poem "Ode to the Great Man" to Emperor Wu of Han."

"Emperor Wu of Han was extremely happy, and felt as if he was soaring above the clouds. He felt as if he was traveling between heaven and earth."

"After a while, Sima Xiangru was dismissed from office due to illness and lived in Maoling."

"Emperor Wu of Han was afraid that he would become seriously ill and lose all his books in the future."

"So he sent his trusted aides to Maoling to fetch Sima Xiangru's collection of books."

"However, Sima Xiangru's wife said that he never owned any books, but he often wrote books."

"But every time I finished writing, someone else would take the book away immediately, so my house was always empty."

"Before Sima Xiangru died, he wrote a book. Before he died, he asked anyone who came to see him to give him the book."

"The book Sima Xiangru left behind is Fengshan Wen, which is about Fengshan."

"The emperor's confidant took the book back and gave it to the emperor, who was very surprised after reading it."

"This article praises the virtues of the Han Dynasty and suggests that a Fengshan ceremony can be held."

"It was not until five years after Sima Xiangru's death that Emperor Wu of Han began to offer sacrifices to the god of land."

"Eight years later, Emperor Wu of Han first offered sacrifices to Mount Song, the Central Mountain, and then to Mount Tai, and then to Mount Liangfu, performing a solemn and dignified Fengshan ceremony."

"It can be said that Sima Xiangru's life was not so smooth."

"His life was full of twists and turns and setbacks, but also full of tenacity and wisdom."

"After being dismissed from office, Sima Xiangru devoted himself to studying at home, learning poetry and prose, and also formed his own unique style."

"His works are often ornate in rhetoric and grand in structure, making him a representative writer of Han fu."

"As an outstanding writer, he incorporated his life experiences into his creations, leaving behind profound literary works."

"In summary, Sima Xiangru is an outstanding writer in Chinese history, and his life experience is full of legends."

“He wrote great fu with his talent and wisdom, and also showed great leadership in politics.”

"His story tells the world that sticking to one's ideals and not being afraid of difficulties and setbacks are the keys to success."

"Sima Xiangru's legendary life will always inspire future generations and become a treasure in the history of Chinese culture."

Zhu Di: If Zhuo Wenjun had not awakened Sima Xiangru's conscience with her talent, Sima Xiangru would probably have been branded as a man who abandoned his lover for eternity.

At that time, Sima Xiangru was just a down-and-out scholar, and he won the favor of Zhuo Wenjun with a song "The Phoenix Seeks the Phoenix".

Despite her father's opposition, Zhuo Wenjun eloped with Sima Xiangru late at night.

After a few years of ordinary days, their marriage and love reached a critical point.

Sima Xiangru was appreciated by Emperor Wu of Han, went to Beijing to take up the post, and rose rapidly in career.

Sima Xiangru, who was in high spirits, fell in love with a woman from Maoling. He gradually neglected Zhuo Wenjun and even thought of divorcing her.

Finally one day, Sima Xiangru wrote a letter to Zhuo Wenjun.

Zhuo Wenjun opened the letter and found a line of numbers written on it: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, hundred, thousand and ten thousand.

The clever Zhuo Wenjun understood the true meaning of it at once. From one to ten thousand are all numbers, but the only thing missing is 100 million. No 100 million means no meaning.

After reading it, Zhuo Wenjun burst into tears and was heartbroken, so she wrote a poem in reply called "Complaint to My Husband".

Once we part, we are two places apart.

They only said it was March or April, who knew it was five or six years?
I have no heart to play the seven-stringed zither, and eight-line calligraphy has nothing to pass on.

The nine linked rings were broken in the middle, and the ten-mile long pavilion was looked at with longing.

I have a hundred thoughts and a thousand worries, and I can't help but blame my husband.

The whole poem expresses Zhuo Wenjun's resentment, as well as her panic and frustration when she learns that her husband has no interest in her.

After writing "The Poem of Resentment Against My Husband", Zhuo Wenjun was still upset, so she wrote another poem "Song of the White-haired Girl".

It's snowy like a mountain, and the moon shines like clouds.

Wen Jun had two intentions, so he came to an end.

Today's fighting reception, Mingdangou water head.

The water flows from the ditch to the ditch.

Desolate complex desolate, no need to cry when marrying.

Wish to be one-hearted, Baishou will not separate.

The bamboo poles are curled up, and the fish tails are curled up.

A man cares about his spirit, why use money and a knife?
If we say that "The Poem of Resentment against My Husband" expresses Zhuo Wenjun's love and longing for Sima Xiangru with amazing talent.

Then "Song of the White-haired Girl" expresses the most beautiful imagination of love among women in the world, wishing to find a devoted person and stay together until old age.

But Zhuo Wenjun also said that this love and white hair should not be asked for.

Back then, she and Sima fell in love and, despite her family's opposition, she dared to elope with him despite the world's condemnation.

Now that love is gone, although she is sad and regretful, she will never linger and would rather let it go gracefully.

Not compromising and not giving in, such courage and magnanimity have long surpassed the vision and courage of ordinary men.

After receiving his wife's letter, Sima Xiangru was impressed by his wife's talent.

Thinking back to the love we had as husband and wife in the past, I couldn't help feeling extremely ashamed.

So he went to Linqiong in person to welcome Zhuo Wenjun, and from then on he never mentioned divorcing his wife or taking a concubine again.

Fortunately, Sima Xiangru was not a truly heartless person and was able to change his mind in time, which made their love story a legend. (End of this chapter)